В данной статье описывается отягощающее влияния аффективных расстройств, в частности депрессивных нарушений на течение алкогольной зависимости, их влияние на частоту рецидивов во время проводимой терапии алкоголизма, формирование суицидального поведения у больных с сочетанным течением алкогольной зависимости и аффективных нарушений в сравнительном аспекте с больными алкогольной зависимостью не отягощенной аффективными расстройствами. В статье описывается тот факт, что лечение проводимое без психофармакотерапии не только зачастую не излечивает больного, но также приводит к стойкому отказу больных от лечения. Не совсем определены методики психотерапии депрессивных нарушений у больных алкогольной зависимостью. Также необходим определенный алгоритм контроля качества проводимой психотерапии пациентов с алкогольной зависимостью. Психотерапевтическое воздействие должно быть направлено, в первую очередь, на обеспечение стабильно функционирующих изменений, а не только симптоматические улучшения.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common and serious diseases, which in the world suffer from 3 to 12% of the child population of the globe. Proportion of adolescents with asthma, is one third of all children with this disease. High prevalence of asthma in the numbers of teenagers, characteristics of the disease, age-related aspects of the functioning of the endocrine and immune systems of teenagers that cause difficulties which arise in the course of the diagnostic process, highlight the need to find innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
It is known that the key immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the vast majority of AD cases is real and indisputable fact. Currently, considerable interest to researchers involved in the pathogenesis of positions of allergic diseases, especially asthma, along with IL-4 and IL-13 causes a number of other (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-5, INF-a and INF-y) immunoregulatory cytokines.
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Currently available data on the relationship with asthma and associated with disease symptoms polymorphism approximately 150 genes. Important role as the main contender for the predisposition to asthma gene is a gene encoding flchain of high affinity receptor IgE. Interaction elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE with FceRip plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Particularly attractive candidate gene asthma is also one of the enzyme genes biotransformation - GSTirl, encoding glutathione S-transferase and л1 express almost exclusively in the pulmonary tissue. This gene is located at the locus 11 ql 3, for which repeatedly shown clutch with atopic symptoms. Accumulated in the literature say about the relationship of gene polymorphism FceRI, GSTnl with different allergic diseases.
From this perspective, the study of immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease for the construction of rational treatment and prevention emphasizes the relevance of this thesis research.
From the earliest days of independence, the country has successfully implemented state programs aimed at reforming the health care system. As a result, the targeted implementation of organizational health and research activities aimed at effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment of asthma among adolescents, with some success in the treatment of this disease in the country. However, now the problem of early diagnosis and the development of effective programs for treatment and prevention among adolescents with asthma remain one of the most important issues of modern health care. This research work was carried out in the framework of the tasks set by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to improve the health of women and the younger generation," dated 25.01.2002 for the №32. In this regard, the need to deepen the information received about the state of cellular and humoral immunity among adolescents, asking pathogenetic informative immunogcnctic studies in asthma arc one of the important criteria demand the dissertation topic.
Purpose of research is study the immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of asthma in adolescents and form the basis of this plan rational diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology.
In To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
to establish the clinical course of asthma in the population of adolescents living in the Samarkand region, in the early stages of the pathological process in the bronchopulmonary system.
explore the features of the state of cellular and humoral immunity, as well as activation markers in asthma in adolescence by determining the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
to examine the level of production of immunorcgulatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interfcron-y and install them pathogenetic informative in asthma among adolescents.
to determine the features of distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic variants of genes and FceRip GSTnl population Uzbek people with asthma, compared with the healthy part of the population.
examine the clinical and immunological aspects effectiveness of therapies using drugs and polioksidony tsikloferon in patients with asthma in adolescence.
on the basis of studies to develop a multivariate model of formation of bronchial asthma and develop an optimal algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention in adolescents with this pathological condition.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
proposed introduction to the work of doctors teen clinics layered approach testing can significantly improve the detection rate of asthma in adolescence and optimize treatment and preventive measures in high-risk groups;
first defined the peculiar characteristics of the quantitative parameters of the immune status of patients with asthma in the cohort of adolescence and the corresponding proposed regulations and guidance documents for the healthy part of the adolescent population;
for the first time presents a comprehensive assessment of the cytokine profile of blood serum in bronchial asthma in adolescents. Specific features of products immunorcgulatory cytokines IL-6 and INF-y and their pathogenetic and regulatory information content in asthma among adolescents;
first analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants and gene FceRip GSTirl among patients with different phenotypic variants of AD and healthy individuals of Uzbek nationality, which resulted in the identified markers of increased risk or, conversely, resistance to the development of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity;
algorithms for phase diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescence in terms of disclosure of important moments of the pathogenesis of the disease, allowing to build a rational sequence of diagnostic search, aimed at verifying the diagnosis and expedient construction of preventive measures.
Conclusion
1. Set the frequency of occurrence of the disease and the structure of "asthma" in the arid zone among teens. Said pathology is recorded in 9,6% of the population surveyed adolescents, while the disease is more common among females. In the structure of the disease prevails periodical exposure and mild persistent form.
2. Identified by clinical features of asthma among adolescents living in the arid zone, indicate a high frequency of lesions of the bronchial tree association with allergic processes in other organs and tissues: in 73,9% of the AR, 53,7% with AK. 16,6% with BA and 14% with urticaria/angiocdcma.
3. Found that in the study population of patients with asthma adolescence occur expressed disturbances of the immune status, manifested deficit indicators as cell (CD3‘, CD4+, CD8 , CD16+), and humoral immunity (CD19 , IgA, IgG, IgM) and activation markers (CD23+, CD95). The immune status of patients with asthma in young people, adolescence has distinctive features, the depth of detected violations immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the younger age group.
4. In patients with bronchial asthma in adolescence revealed distinct changes in cell-cell interactions in the immune system: a significant increase in the content of Th2-cclls secreted IL-6 is a regulator of maturation of antibodies and immunoglobulin production itself, and vice versa reducing regulator activity of Th 1-cell cytokine INF-y.
5. It was found that the contents of cytokines IL-6, INF-y and in the peripheral blood is in communication with one pathogenic disease. It is shown that the lowest level of INF-y production in the scrum is characteristic of allergic clinical pathogenic variant asthma in adolescence. Adolescents suffering from predominantly infectious form of asthma, there is a sharp trend towards increased production of IL-6 in peripheral blood.
6. Revealed that markers of increased risk of allergic forms of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity arc genotype FceRip-109T/T allele FceRip-109T, low-risk markers - FcsRip-109C/C and allele Fc£Rip-109C. A high degree of cohesion genotype FcsRip-109T/T allele and FcsRip-109T with hereditary burden of asthma in the Uzbek population.
7. Among females ethnic Uzbek Association revealed lie-105 allele and genotype Ilc-105/Ilc-105 polymorphic gene locus GSTkI at high risk for asthma. Revealed that the genotype associated with the development Ilc-105/Ilc-105 allergic form of asthma in adolescents Uzbek population.
8. Complex therapy with adolescents’ patients with asthma ciklofcron and polyoxidonium, providing immunocorrective effect, enhances the clinical efficacy of basic therapy. In the study of prophylactic efficacy of immunomodulators positive indicators prevailed in the group of patients receiving polioksidony, necessitating its inclusion in the priority scheme of integrated treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescents.
В статье рассматривается стандартного описание рабочих мест для решения проблем алгоритмизации управления сложными системами. Предлагается описание процесса решения задачи управления объектом на основе алгоритмического подхода. Разработаны методы композиции ТФ для алгоритмического синтеза комплексов рабочих мест, управляющих мониторов.
Maqolada temir yo‘l tarmog‘i korxonasida ma’lumotlar bazasini boshqarish mavzusi, ya’ni temir yo‘l avtomatlashtirish va telemexanika elementlarini qabul qiluvchi va ularga xizmat ko‘rsatadigan asbob-uskunalar, bu yerda yo‘l uchastkalari holatini boshqaruvchi eng muhim qurilma (element) relesi, temir yo‘l avtomatlashtirish relelarini ta’mirlash va ularga xizmat ko‘rsatish bo‘yicha zamonaviy sharoitlarda ma’lumotlar bazasini yaratish algoritmi ishlab chiqildi va dastur yozildi.
In this paper, local directional pattern (LDP) based methods for frontal face recognition are discussed (summarized). LDP based face feature extraction and comparison methods and their performance results are given. Although, in the paper method for normalizing illuminations of face images is given. Were performed the results of experimental research of the developed algorithms
Mazkur maqolada o‘qituvchi faoliyatini shakllantirishda kommunikativ qobiliyatlarning roli va o‘rni yoritiladi.
Maqoladan mutaxassislarning kommunikativ qobiliyatni shakllantirishni takomillashtirish muammosi bilan shug‘ullanuvchilar foydalanish mumkin.
В монографии представлены основные теоретические вопросы, касающиеся вентральным грыжам. Подробно освещена этиология, патогенез, клиника, диагностика, лечение, особенно эндоскопическое вмещательства у больных с вентральными грыжами. Освещается разработанный авторами алгоритм с учетом усовершенствованных тактико-технических аспектов хирургического лечения вентральных грыж. Выеснен что, у больных с ожирением кроме недостаточной площади протеза, тяжесть кожно - жирового «фартука» является способствующим фактором рецидива заболевания, который смещает имплантат книзу. Также проведен анализ качества жизни пациентов по усовершенствованной балльной оценки качества жизни больных после герниопластики.
Objects of research: 1st group (control) - 8 dogs, which apply traditional intensive therapy at craniocereberal trauma without hypothermia. 2 st group - 8 dogs, which apply drug treatment with external craniocerebral hypothermia. 3 st group -8 dogs, which apply drug treatment with perfusion method of hypothermia. At 286 patients with heavy craniocerebral trauma, efficiency hyperventilation on a background of various methods CCH is investigated depending on type of infringement of a cerebral blood flow.
Purpose: to optimize results of protection and reanimation of a brain at a severe craniocereberal trauma by perfection of a method craniocerebral hypothermia and the differentiated choice of a mode of artificial ventilation easy.
Methods: the cerebral blood flow parameters estimated by transcranial Dop-plcrography datas. Also was definite saturation of arterial (SataO2) and venous (SaI. vjO2) blood oxygen, cerebral blood flow (arteriovenous difference O2), a level of lactate in peripheral blood and in liquor, parameters of intensity.
Results and novelty: by complex study was proved that perfusion method of the craniocerebral hypothermia is an effective and adequate method of protection of a brain caused by hypoxia and secondary damages at severe craniocerebral trauma. It is established, that at carrying out perfusion CCH the important factor of protection of a brain from hypoxia and secondary damages to which the death of animals at severe craniocerebral trauma, is preservation on a limit of physiological norm of functioning erythrocytes owing to adaptable decrease in processes the lipid peroxidation, preservation at high enough level of activity of enzymes antioxidant system, reactions peroxide hemolysis erythrocytes and which can serve as criteria of an estimation of the forecast of efficiency of spent treatment, an outcome of disease.
Practical value: it is developed and pathogenetic efficiency of a perfusion method of the CCH is proved at severe craniocerebral trauma. The algorithm of differential use hyperventilation at patients with severe craniocerebral trauma is developed depending on type of cerebral blood supply disturbance and a degree of development intracranial hypertension.
Inclusion of a method perfusion method of the CCH increase efficiency of protection of a brain from hypoxia and secondary damages reduces frequency of lethal outcomes at severe craniocerebral trauma.
Introduction and economic efficiency: results of research are introduced in practice of the Republican science centre of neurosurgery Health Ministry of the Republic of Uzbekistan and department of anesthesiology and resuscitation of 2-clinic of the Tashkent medical academy.
Field of application: resuscitation and neurosurgery.
Улучшить результаты лечения детей с врожденным гидронефрозом за счет дифференцированного применения диагностических методов и малоинвазивных технологий. В основу работы положен анализ результатов лечения 227 детей с врожденным гидронефрозом в возрасте от 3 до 15 лет на базе отделения урологии ОДМПЦ в период с 2013 по 2022 гг., Среди них мальчиков было 139 (61,2%), девочек - 88 (38,7%). Учитывая, современные принципы диагностики врожденного гидронефроза, изучив и проанализировав их, разработан алгоритм диагностики и ведения пациента с врожденным гидронефрозом, позволяющий выбрать оптимальные виды оперативного лечения с учетом выявленных изменений и соматической патологии.
In total, 70 children with affective-respiratory paroxysms aged from 1 to 42 months were examined as part of the target study. The studies were conducted in the consultative polyclinics at the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute. The algorithm of examination of children included: general clinical, neurological, psychological and neurophysiological (EEG study of the brain) examination of children. It was revealed that the formation of ARP is associated with perinatal factors, as well assomatic diseases (functional disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, iron deficiency conditions and hypocalcemia).
Annotatsiya: Xavfsizlikni ta’minlash bugungi Running eng dolzarb masalalaridan hisoblanadi. Shuning uchun vidcokuzatuv vositalari orqali olingan tasvirlarga raqamli ishlov beruvchi dasturiy vositalaming o‘mi beqiyosdir. Jamoat xavfsizligini ta’minlash maqsadida videokuzatuv vositalari axborotlariga raqamli ishlov berish dasturiy vositalarining yaratish jarayoni bosqichlari va dasturiy vosita intcrfcysining umumiy tuzilishi hamda vidcokuzatuv vositalari axborotlariga raqamli ishlov berishning algoritmlarini yaratish bosqichlarini yangicha usullarda tadbiq etishni taqozo etmoqda.
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Based on the analysis of scientific literature, it has been shown that the most common complications of orthognathic operations are inflammatory processes and recurrences of jaw deformities. To prevent and reduce the number of such complications, it is recommended to create an algorithm for diagnosing and treating pathological processes in the maxillofacial region before orthognathic operations with the participation of an oral surgeon, orthodontist, prosthodontist, ENT specialist, and other indicated specialists.