There are several ways to calculate the amount of harmful vehicle emissions into the atmosphere. The article made a theoretical calculation of the amount of harmful emissions emitted by vehicles into the atmosphere, depending on the type of fuel.
The modern energy system is largely based on the use of fossil fuels, which makes up almost 90% of the global energy consumption structure. Intensive production of raw materials has a negative impact on the environment. This in turn creates environmental problems. The depletion of available reserves of the main energy resources of oil, gas, coal, ore and other minerals will worsen the energy situation in the world. Today, renewable energy interest to many countries due to increased dependence on imported energy, climate change and environmental protection, high rates of economic development and population growth. The widespread use of renewable energy sources will create socially and environmentally clean energy structures. That is why alternative energy technologies - hybrid cars and electric cars, solar, wind, geothermal energy, bioenergy are developing at a high level. This article discusses current trends in renewable energy, alternative energy sectors in Japan and the stages of development of solar energy, features of solar energy, advances in modern technologies for the use of renewable energy sources and the challenges facing renewable energy sources. Also highlights Japan’s new energy policy and strategy, legislation on energy efficiency, programs and strategic plans, changes in the country's energy policy, diversification of energy resources and current problems of energy security. It also analyzes the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in Japan, new projects in the field of solar energy and mechanisms for their implementation. And also, scientific conclusions were drawn on the analysis of current trends in the development of renewable energy in Japan.
O‘qitishning zamonaviy didaktik vositalari asosida bo‘lajak kasb ta’limi o‘qituvchilarini kasbiy faoliyatga tayyorlash jarayoni, bo‘lajak kasb ta’limi o‘qituvchilarini kasbiy faoliyatga tayyorlashga qo‘yilayotgan zamonaviy didaktik va metodik talablarni amalga oshiruvchi, umumkasbiy fanlar bo‘yicha o‘quv materiallarini havola etish shakllarini aks ettirish.
Subjects of research: associative switching system structure, associative switching system networks, associative switching and routing, their models and design methods
Purpose of work: research and design of switching node models and designing methods of the broadband multilevel N-dimension associative switching networks.
Methods of research: researches based on algebraic system of associative switching, probability theory, queueing theory, group theory, z-transform methods, matrix algorithms, parametric analysis of time-probabilistic characteristics and network stricture optimization.
The results obtained and their novelty: associative switching fabric model based on group theory with alphabet A and substitution system F; switching task solution in the network modules of the associative switching system is represented as multiplication operation of multiplicative algebraic substitution group of matrix elements in RAM and program memory (function domain of Neighbourhood Single Radius NSR); analytical models of associative switching system of the ring and star structures.
Practical value: Formulas for practical design of associative switching system arc obtained. Formulas allow to choosing associative switching system parameters according specified requirements and initial data. It’s defined associative switching fabric application in switching systems have more higher performance in comparison with traditional switching systems.
Degree of embed and economic cffcctivity: results have been implemented to JSC “Uzbektelecom” and into educational program of Tashkent university of information technologies TU1T.
Field of application: dimension, design, realization of associative routing and switching mechanism for access and transport telecommunication networks.
Жамиятимиз ва иқтисодиётимизнинг шиддат билан ўзгариб ва ўсиб бораётган эҳтиёжларини қондириш ўз навбатида ер ислоҳотини амалга оширишни тақозо қилади. Зеро, бугунги кунда дунёда ер ислоҳоти билан боғлиқ кўплаб муаммолар кузатилмоқда. Масалан, ерларни қайта тақсимлашнинг кескинлашиши, ерлар иқтисодий унумдорлиги пасайишининг олдини олиш ва инвестицияларнинг тақчиллиги, ерлар деградациясини бошқаришда иқтисодий услубларнинг камлиги, қишлоқ хўжалиги ерларининг оборотдан чиқиб кетишининг олдини олиш шулар жумласидандир. Ерлар мелиоратив ҳолатининг бузилиши, эрозия, қурғоқчилик ва қум босиши, шўрланишнинг кучайиши, саноат ва транспорт қурилишлари, фойдали қазилмаларнинг очиқ тарзда ўзлаштирилиши, техноген омиллар натижасида ерларнинг оборотдан чиқарилиши жадаллашиб бормоқда. Натижада кўплаб мамлакатлардаги каби мамлакатимизда ҳам ер фондини сақлаб қолиш ва унинг таркибини тартибга солиш бўйича чора тадбирлар амалга оширилмоқда.
Ҳар қандай ҳуқуқий муносабат объектини субъектларнинг эрки-иродаси қаратилган ва иштирокчиларнинг ҳуқуқ ва мажбуриятлари устида белгиланган нарсалар ташкил этади. Чунки, ҳуқуқий муносабат объекти унда иштирок этаётган шахсларнинг хоҳишидан келиб чиқиб аниқланади ва уларнинг истаклари асосида ўзгартирилиши ёки бекор қилиниши мумкин.
Blockchain technology is “cross-cutting”, that is, one that can be applied in many areas of the economy, management, including state, municipal and social spheres. The relevance of the analysis of the experience of implementing the blockchain technology is determined by the provisions and the need to form the basis for the prospective assessment of the consequences of the implementation of this technology, both nationally and internationally. In this article, we study the international experience of applying this technology in the supply chain of logistics processes and give the necessary recommendations.
Как известно, ротовая полость и ноздри являются входными воротами для многих инфекционных и бактериальных заболеваний. Известно, что стрептококки и стафилококки могут сохраняться в пыли до 50-100 дней. А человек ежедневно контактирует с килограммами пыли (дом, работа, учеба). Отдельно нужно отметить общественный транспорт, где риск заражения инфекцией очень высок.
The article describes the development of urban planning from an engineering point of view and substantiates the urgent need for a specialist urban planner
Ushbu maqolada mualliflar tomonidan O‘zbekistonda transport-logistika klasteri bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan ishlar va ularni holatini organgan holda, xorij tajribalarini qo‘llash amaliyoti atroflicha yoritilgan.Shuningdek, rivojlangan mamlakatlarda transport logistika klasterlar boyicha tajribalar tahlil qilingan.Shulardan kelib chiqqan holda maqolada xorij tajribalarini organish va mamlakatimizda samarali qollash masalalari oz aksini topgan.Jumladan, Finlyandiya, Yaponiya, Rossiya, Qozogiston kabi mamlakatlarda transport-logistika klasteri bo‘yicha tajribalari qiyosiy tahlil qilinib uni O‘zbekistonda qo‘llash uchun bir qator tavsiyaiar berilgan.
The article is devoted to the demographic problems of Japan. According to estimates of the future population by the National Institute for Demography and Social Security every five years, based on the results of the census, the total population of Japan, reaching a peak of 128 million in 2010, began to decline, and it is estimated that in 2040 it will amount to 107 million 280 thousand people a year. According to the calculations of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, in 2050 the population will decrease to 97 million people, falling below the level of one hundred million. The decline in population poses a threat to the development of society from various points of view, even if you do not run so far ahead. Due to the decrease in the working-age population (from 15 to 64 years), hidden growth opportunities disappear, and GDP decreases. It becomes difficult to maintain a social security system, and in particular a pension system. There are fears of declining living standards. The author considers such specific trends in the demographic development of Japan as the rapid aging of the population, the drop in the birth rate, as well as the impact of these processes on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the workforce and possible ways to replenish it. In the analysis of the problems considered in the article, it is concluded that the demographic crisis faced by Japan will certainly have a noticeable negative impact on economic development, but it is likely that the country's ruling circles will be able to mobilize the nation and mitigate the effects of demographic shifts.
Aloqa vositalaridan foydalanishga asoslangan zamonaviy axborot texnologiyalaridan foydalanish tufayli "axborot tizimi" atamasi keng qo'llaniladi. Ushbu tezisda transport tizimlari uchun axborot texnologiyalarining xususiyatlari ko’rib chiqilgan va tavsiyalar berib o’tilgan.
Annotatsiya: Maqolada monitoring va kuzatish uchun asosiy axborot tizimlari muhokama qilinadi, yuk tashishning ishonchliligi uchun foydalaniladi, shuningdek, O‘zbekiston temir yo‘lida qo‘llaniladigan dasturiy ta’minot. Tahlil natijasida harakatlanuvchi tarkibni tez va aniq nazorat qilish uchun yanada zamonaviy avtomatlashtirilgan yechimlarni joriy etish zarurligi aniqlandi.
Рассматривая ответственность за нарушение договора авиаперевозки, мы не должны забывать, что воздушные суда, как, впрочем, и любой другой транспорт, является источником повышенной опасности. Поэтому мы должны говорить, с одной стороны, непосредственно об ответственности за нарушение договора авиаперевозки, то есть о взаимной ответственности сторон данного договора друг перед другом, а с другой стороны, об ответственности владельца источника повышенной опасности, которая является, по своему характеру, внедоговорной.
In this article the importance of transport-logistic services in our country, the specific features of modern transport logistic services are discussed. The paper highlighted the development of modern transport-logistic infrastructure and ways to improve organizing strategy of transport logistic services in our country.
The article analyzes the current state and future development of railway transport, presents an econometric model of the development of investment activity in the context of strategic changes in the transport system. The article is devoted to the substantiation of approaches to the development of an algorithm for assessing the impact of railway transport on the country's economic security. The proposals on the use of econometric modeling to develop a simulation model of the railway system are justified. The stages of the implementation of the economic feasibility of management decisions in the railway system are considered. Therefore, the priority tasks of the structural reform of the industry is to create conditions for the development of competition in the field of transportation of goods and passengers, repair of rolling stock, as well as increasing investment attractiveness. As a result of the implementation of the planned infrastructure projects, there is an acute problem of a lack of investment funds, and even escalates due to the growing physical depreciation of fixed assets. Currently, there is a big gap between the level of investment existing in the industry and the level necessary to ensure sustainable development.