This article provides information about the archival system in the Republic of Uzbekistan, the activities of archives in it and its management, documents stored in archives and their significance, improving the quality of archival services and converting them into electronic format, form, international cooperation and agreements in the field of archives.
This environmental study aims to assess the levels of heavy metal pollution in tea plantation soils and evaluate the associated ecological risk. Soil samples were collected from various tea plantations in the study area, and the concentrations of heavy metals were determined using standardized analytical methods. Ecological risk assessment models were employed to estimate the potential risks posed by these pollutants to the surrounding ecosystems. The results revealed significant contamination of tea plantation soils with heavy metals, including lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), and arsenic (As). Moreover, the ecological risk assessment indicated a high potential for adverse effects on soil organisms and nearby water bodies. The findings highlight the urgent need for effective management strategies to mitigate heavy metal pollution in tea plantation soils and safeguard the ecological health of the surrounding areas.
This scientific article analyzes the following issues: a gradual change in democratic processes in the system of relations between the state and society, the division of the world into two poles after the Second World War, the restoration of a system based on "people's rule". Attempts have been made to shed light on issues such as the state's choice of migration. In addition, many political scientists have studied and analyzed the violation of the criteria of democracy in the 21st century and the formation of new theoretical concepts.
The article also states that the illegal use of new technologies affecting the democratic process, its impact on the integration process in the international arena, has led to a loss of confidence in democracy and its political views in the eyes of mankind. It is well known that many countries have developed information security strategies to maintain their democratic order. This is due to the increase in the number of cyberattacks using information technology in the new era. The recent frequent attacks by hackers on the electoral process with the help of technology negatively affect democratic values. As a result, studies show that democracy has lost confidence in its criteria. However, in the studies of political scientists, no attempt has been made to justify the fact that humanity has not found a better system, no matter how flawed in a democracy, by studying their research. It is well known that the transformation of representative democracy into a new form of equal opportunities for citizens in all spheres in the 21st century has become an important event. In this regard, the article examines the analytical views of scientists on new views on the specifics of state structures, the Institute of Representative Democracy and institutions of civil society. The results of an independent study of the concept of democracy, a system based on democratic governance in Europe (north, west, south), post-Soviet countries and the population of Russia are presented in the form of infographics. The percentages and ratings shown in the table are a resource for political scientists interested in the topic of democracy.
Based on the methods of analytical analysis and monographic research, the article shows the drawbacks of quantitative accounting of land, which is one of the main components of the state land cadastre and the annual regional balance sheet (report), and also developed practical proposals and recommendations for eliminating shortcomings in improving the quality of land balance (of the report), taking as a basis the results of the inventory of land resources carried out in the administrative districts (cities) of the republic.
According to analytical data, the fact that China has taken the first place in the world in terms of the number of labor resources has attracted the attention of experts and economists from all over the world. The main reason for this is to predict the quality of China's labor resources in 30, 50 and even 100 years, and how this potential of China will affect the development of the world economy in the future.
The article analyzes the current pedagogical conditions, factors, stages, components, methods of directing research activities in future economists. The article also examines the pedagogical-hierarchical system of forms of manifestation of research skills in future economists.
This scientific article expounds analytical thoughts that in the first decades of the twenty-first century the level of global problems related to the security of mankind has increased many times over, the reasons for this phenomenon are also stated, including the inconsistency of the formation of a new world order, the difficulties of democratization. Conclusions are drawn about new false barriers to the formation of new international relations. The article focuses on the significance of the 75th anniversary session of the General Assembly of the United Nations and new conceptual ideas that were voiced in the speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev. The author concludes that the constructive ideas and initiatives put forward in the speech of the President of our country will be of great importance in the formation of a fair international system, and at the same time, the institutional capacities and effectiveness of the UN will increase. The article concludes that as a result of the implementation of the new ideas put forward, the recommendations of the head of our state under the auspices of the UN, a very large number of problems facing humanity will find their positive solution, as a result, new conditions will appear for the formation of a modern, fair, democratic world order. The article emphasizes that the new ideas put forward by the President of our country, in their essence, are aimed at updating the world order. In this regard, our President calls for an increase in common responsibility, as well as strengthening the democratic approaches of the world community to address these challenges. Therefore, the author believes that the initiatives of our head of state have a very positive meaning for all peoples of the world. The scientific article emphasizes that the proposal of the head of the country to increase the role of national parliaments is also of historical importance. In this regard, as noted in the article, the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the adoption by the UN of a special decision to enhance the role of parliaments is extremely important for the formation of modern foundations for the development of parliamentary diplomacy. Also, the article pays special attention to the historical role and significance of the new initiatives of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the peaceful solution of the problem of Afghanistan. The article concludes that these fundamentally new, effective initiatives to solve the Afghan problem will contribute to a thorough solution to all the contradictions that exist in modern Afghanistan.
This article is devoted to the study of factors influencing quality indicators in experimental research (identification - analytical) and in determining the quality of the finished product. Dedicated to the research on the selection of the composition of "Ambronate" syrup, it contains the results of research on the selection of excipients and technology, as well as the quality of the finished syrup.
Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. One of the actual problems of modern physical chemistry and macromolecular chemistry is the study on the development of the fundamentals of synthesis of functional polymers with ion-exchange and complexing properties.
Anion exchange and complexing compounds based fibrous materials have a high specific surface area, which provides a high possibility of sorption and desorption processes. They arc especially effective in removing toxic substances, even at very low content of the latter from the air and water pollution. Of particular interest is the acrylic fiber "Nitron", which is produced by JSC "Navoiazot" (Uzbekistan).
In the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry conducted research on the development of fibrous ion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" but they have not been brought to its logical end. In addition, when these studies neglected the study of the physicochemical aspects of the preparation of these materials.
In developing the fundamentals of ion exchange materials obtaining a lot of attention paid to the study of physical and chemical aspects of the synthesis and properties of these high-molecular compounds. These studies due to the fact that they allow you to adjust the processes of synthesis and, therefore, necessary to obtain polymers with required composition and with complex specific properties.
As noted above, to date, no attention was paid to the study of the physicochemical foundations of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons, due to applied research conducted to date in this field of research. In this regard, the study of physical and chemical principles of bases of creation, and the properties of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" arc actual both from a theoretical and practical point of view.
Demand perform of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that modern worldwide technology for extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals can not be realized without the use of ion-exchange materials. These techniques use mostly granular sorbents, while fibrous sorbents comprise just 2-3 % of the ion exchange materials used . Using technology employing ion exchange material from algae and natural brine deposits of oil and gas recovered to 90% of iodine and bromine, lodinc-containing sorbents arc used for disinfection of drinking water from microorganisms and extraction of mercury from wastewater and gas emissions. They can be used for concentrating the processing solutions and biologically active substances in the preparation of catalyst systems nanoparticles metals. It should also be noted that Uzbekistan hitherto not been established as industrial manufacture granular and fibrous sorbents, although such polymers arc widely used in industry.
The purpose of this study is to identify the physico- chemical characteristics of the formation and properties of anion exchangers polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber " Nitron ".
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
in the first time studied the kinetics of the interaction of acrylic fiber "Nitron" with nitrogen-containing bases in aqueous and organic media;
shown that due to the high surface area fibers arc modifiable , the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the nitrile groups of the polymer being in the solid surface;
proved previously identified mechanism of the catalytic action of small amounts of hydroxylaminc on the process of modifying of fiber " Nitron " with nitrogen-containing bases;
in the first lime developed a method for producing anion exchangers branched structure by sequential treatment of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with cthylcncdiaminc and dichlorocthanc;
found that the interaction of PAN - fibers with hcxamcthylcnc- and ethylene diamines formed anion exchange fibrous materials having in its composition as a weakly basic and strongly basic functional groups ;
in the first time obtained new polycomplcxons with ampholytic properties by reacting maleic anhydride with amine -modified polyacrylonitrile fiber " Nitron " or by hydrolysis of residual of the nitrile groups modified with diamines of acrylic fiber "Nitron";
established values of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of adsorption of ions Cr (VI), Си (II), halogens, Arsenazo (III) by synthesized anion exchangers and polycomplcxons and alteration in thermodynamic functions of the process testify to high sorption capacity of these ion-exchange materials with respect to the sorption ions;
Conclusion
1. Values degree reaction of the nitrile group and a nitrogenous base, the activation energy of the process shows that the process of modifying fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases subject to the usual regularities observed in homogeneous reactions. This effect is due to a high fiber surface area to be modified, allowing the reactants to facilitate access to the nitrile groups of the polymer. (Physical chemistry, High molecular compounds).
2. Kinetic studies of the reaction of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with diamine (hexamethylene and ethylenediamine) showed that the change of physical and chemical parameters of the modification process can be controlled sorption properties, chemical resistance and the strength of the anion exchangers due to network structure of the polymer. It has been established that this modification "Nitron" produces strongly basic anion character especially in organic media. Strongly basic anion exchangers possibility of obtaining a high sorption capacity with graft polycthylcnpolyaminc chain reactions revealed in fiber modification "Nitron " ethylenediamine in the presence of dichloroethane. (High molecular compounds, Physical chemistry ).
3. IR - spectroscopic and analytical determination of the formation of intermediate amidoxime groups in the polymer chains and free hydroxylaminc after substitution reaction proved previously proposed mechanism of the catalytic action of hydroxylaminc on the process of chemical modification of acrylic fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases . ( Physical Chemistry).
4. Developed conditions of synthesis polycomplcxons reacting maleic anhydride with modified by hcxamcthylcncdiaminc acrylic fiber "Nitron" and with of hydrolysis of residual nitrile groups modified by hcxamcthylcnc- and cthylcncdiamin of acrylic fibers . (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).
5. Alkalinity obtained anion exchange resins depends on the nature of their functional groups. Strongly basic anion exchangers have in their composition cyclic amidine groups and they arc formed by the reaction of polyacrylonitrile fiber with a diamine. The specific surface area obtained fibrous sorbents exceeds by two orders of known surface area granular ion exchange resins, and their crosslinking rate is up to 100 nodes per macromolecule polymer. ( Physical Chemistry )
6. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the sorption of various inorganic and organic ions obtained polycomplcxons sorbents showed that ions of Cr (VI), Arsenazo (111) can be sorbed strongly basic anion exchangers only, and the process of sorption of copper (II) with polycomplcxons occurs not only due to the ion exchange, but also due to chelation. ( Physical Chemistry ).
7. Developed the conditions obtaining bromide complexes of polymers and kinetics, thermodynamics of the sorption halogen anion in synthesized materials was studied. It is shown that the lower the stability of the ion [Bn]’ for ion [J3]'than the ability to form such molecular chlorine ions leads to the fact that almost no molecular chlorine is adsorption, and molecular bromine is absorbed to a lesser extent than the molecular iodine. (Physical Chemistry ).
8. Combined developed iodinated anion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber " Nitron " and chitosan. Insertion of the iodinc-containing chitosan materials, leads to an increase of absorbent capacity. Combined antibacterial dressings have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, arc effective for the treatment of necrotic soft tissue diseases. (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).
The article provides analytical information on the role of socio-economic infrastructure, including housing and communal services, in improving the standard of living and well-being of the population, as well as energy efficiency and saving resources on the scale of apartment buildings.
This article includes in detail the research conducted by foreign scientists on the border conflict between Afghanistan and Pakistan - the "Durand line" problem, and their analytical opinions on this issue. Also, the scientific work done by Western, CIS, Indian, Afghan and Pakistani scientists in this regard is briefly described.
The article examines the socio-educational and artistic-aesthetic factors of the creative perfection of the great poet and thinker Alisher Navoi, firstly, the fact that he thoroughly studied the Koran and the Sunnah, followed these two powerful sources without deviations, and secondly, that he read the works great Islamic thinkers, experts in Sufism and continuously developing their ideas, gave highly artistic interpretations in his works, thirdly, that he perfectly knew the history of the Turkish people to whom he belonged, and that he was able to mobilize all his creative and scientific potential to protect and elevation of the honor and glory of the nation.
It discusses how Alisher Navoi followed the principles of faith and Sharia, tafsirs and hadiths read by the great thinker, the works of Sufism scholars. His artistic interpretation of religious-enlightenment and philosophical-mystical ideas at a high level is confirmed by the analysis of his work. The essence of the parts of "Hamsa" is being investigated, such as "hamd" (praise of Allah), "munajat" (request to Allah) and "nat" (praise of the prophet). Analytical views are put forward on the
complementarity of Islamism and nationalism, the support of the concept of the great poet's work on Islamic enlightenment, which did not prevent his works from expressing the national spirit. As a result of the analysis, theoretical generalizations are made.
In the Sufi historiography of Central Asia, most of the problems are studied in the context of the teachings of Naqshbandiya and Yassaviya orders. According to the history and historiography of these two teachings of spiritual improvement, the works of both foreign and local researchers can be shown. However, we cannot say that these reflections have left a strong sense in the socio-spiritual life of the region like other teachings, including the Kubraviya order. For example, there are very few scientific works that give analytical conclusions and summarize the scientific views on the personality and spiritual heritage of Najmiddin Kubra’s famous followers as Sayfiddin Bokharzi (1190-1262), Kamal Zhandi (672/1273) and Husayn Khorezmi (836/1433) who played an important role in the dissemination of this discipline in the region. Considering this aspect of the problem in the present article, we tried to carry out a historiographical analysis of the particular problems associated with the personality of Sayfiddin Bokharzi. The study of the identity of the Bokharzy also continues after independence. It would not be an exaggeration if we say that conducting an analysis after in-depth study of it and free examination on the basis of documents, analysis as one of the followers of Sufism, is a requirement of the present. This person is known to many local specialists by O.D.Chekhovic's researches, which devoted to waqf properties in Bukhara. Today, Sayfiddin Bokharzi, whose grave is in Bukhara, is remembered in Uzbekistan as a representative of Sufism, a religious leader who owns pious endowments in the past. Is it really so? What else do we know about Sayfiddin Bokharzi and his activities? This article is devoted especially to the disclosure of Sayfiddin Bokharzi’s relation with the his preceptor Najmiddin Kubro, the personal life, generations and disciples of Sayfiddin Bokharzi, the relations of Bokharzi with the Berka Khan the ruler of Golden Horde and his written heritage in the base of published works of foreign researchers. We hope that in the future wide attention will be paid to the personality of Bokharzy, and his bright personality and spiritual legacy will receive wide recognition.
As a result of the erosion process, most of the mountainous and foothill areas of the country have lost their fertility. The need for comprehensive control measures to restore lost fertility is as important as the demand of the day, and its scientific and economic effectiveness is determined. For this purpose, the soil vegetation of the natural zones, climatic conditions and ecological conditions of the landscapes were studied and analyzed based on the results of the monitoring. In the example of Gusar region, the object of research was selected and cuts were made, and the corresponding field-soil-erosion study was carried out. Analytical laboratory researches were carried out on soil samples taken in the area and the results were analyzed. Based on the results of the comparative analysis, it was determined that these gray-brown soil types, which are widespread in the area, are mostly eroded to a moderate degree. The fertility of these lands has been lost and productivity has declined. In the process of soil erosion in the mountainous and foothill regions of the country, many of them have lost their productivity. It is recommended to take comprehensive measures to restore soil fertility. To this end, it is necessary to have the honor of climatic conditions, vegetation landscapes and other natural ecological aspects.
The purpose of the study: development of the Program using ICT for the decreed contingent and the creation of a unified medical information and analytical system, at the stage of transition to compulsory medical insurance.
Materials and methods. Research methods: will be studied the following employees of school educational and district medical institutions (SHOU, RMU) who periodically underwent medical examination in the Kibray district of the Tashkent region.
Results and Discussions: The study found that in 2019, the Qibray District Medical Association Medical Commission examined only 4,992 workers or 4.3 percent (116061) of the able-bodied population of Qibray District, of which 29 were diagnosed with some form of the disease. Or only 0.58 percent of the diagnosed diseases are women.
Conclusions: based on an in-depth analysis of the contingent, further studies will create an electronic database on the categories, groups, age, disease and frequency of the contingent contingent in Qibray district of Tashkent region.
Artificial intelligence has a significant impact on the world of accounting and finance. By saving time and money and providing information, Artificial intelligenceenabled accounting and finance systems help finance professionals and their companies stay competitive and attract the best employees and customers.
The article discusses the experience of foreign countries in the use of digital technologies in combating corruption. It was determined that in a number of foreign countries, along with already approved technologies (e-government, information and crowdsourcing platforms), modern information technologies are being actively introduced, such as: technologies for processing large amounts of data (Big Data), distributed ledger (DLT), blockchain, data mining (Data Mining), intellectual analysis in the field of anti-corruption in public procurement, analytical tools for auditors (Forensic Tools), electronic verification systems for declarations of income, expenses, assets and interests of civil servants, electronic anti-corruption technologies in the implementation of the electoral process, etc. ...
It has been determined that the benefits of digitalization can only be realized with the appropriate infrastructures, regulations, financial resources and personnel trained in ICT.
It has been substantiated that the processes of digitalization of law enforcement activities contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of the anti-corruption policy, ensure its effectiveness, objectivity, reduce the cost of maintaining law and order, and minimize the influence of the human factor in this area.
It is noted that technologies based on neural networks and decentralized, synchronized databases will fundamentally change the nature of public administration and can significantly reduce the risks of corruption offenses in the future