The article focuses on the emergence and evolution of the gender phenomenon. It analyzes interpretations of relationships between men and women at different times, and stages of development. It is argued that the issue of equality between men and women is a characteristic of every stage of human society. From the earliest times to the present day, it has become natural for people to defend their rights as a criterion for survival. The demand for women to participate in the social, economic and political life of society on the basis of the principle of equality began to manifest itself in the West as a feminist movement. Waves 1 and 2 of this movement gave an international impetus to the issue of gender equality. Today, there is no area where women's participation is unnoticeable. However, there are many problems with the process of creating the necessary conditions for their participation, the level of their rights, their freedom to operate and full self-image. In this regard, the article also examines the genesis of the issue of gender equality in the system of international relations and its stages of development, its role in the international community. It highlights the importance of the United Nations and other organizations in ensuring gender equality in the system of international relations. A number of international documents have been analyzed, which are the basis for further strengthening of women's rights and their privileges in the international community.
Subject of research: English and Uzbek compound words characterising appearance and character of the person in the belles-lettres texts.
Purpose of work: studying and revealing linguoculturological and gender features of compound words characterising appearance and character of the person in the literary text of the English and Uzbek languages.
Methods of research: a method of the componcntial analysis, contextual method, statistical method and method of linguocultural analysis.
The results obtained and their novelty: 1) the complex analysis of compound words expressing appearance and character of the person; has been attempted to analyse; 2) linguoculturological and gender essence of compound words characterising appearance and character of the person have been revealed; 3) a national-cultural specificity of compound words characterising appearance and character of the person has been considered; 4) compound words has been considered linguoculturcma; 5) the role of stylistic devices and metaphoric nominations of considered compound words in the research have been studied.
Practical value: results can be used in lecture courses on Lexicology, Stylistics, Comparative Typology, Linguoculturological Studies, in writing research works, text books and manuals.
Degree of embed: results of the research have been applied in the course of teaching of the following disciplines: Comparative Stylistics, Text Interpretation, Lexicology, Comparative Typology in the Uzbek State University of World Languages.
Field of application: General Linguistics, Stylistics, Comparative Linguistics, Cognitive Linguistics, Linguoculturology, Text Interpretation, Gcndcrlogy.
In article it is researched the international legal documents of the United Nations in the field of gender equality. Carefully studied works of scientists and specialists in this area and the author is making conclusions.
Ушбу мақолада гендер тилшунослигини ривожлантириш асослари ҳақидаги
илмий фирклар ёритиб берилган
Subjects of research: words, word combinations and phraseological units expressing functional-semantic field of affection (FSFA) in the English and Uzbek languages.
Purpose of work: to analyze semantic, lingua-cognitive, sociolinguistic, lingua-cultural and gender peculiarities of linguistic means expressing FSFA in the English and Uzbek languages and to reveal their similarities and differences in the English and Uzbek languages.
Methods of research: the method of componcntial analysis, the method of pragmatic analysis, the comparative-typological method, statistical method and experimental method.
The results obtained and their novelty arc determined in the following eases: FSFA in the English and Uzbek Languages is investigated in monographic way; the term affection and its attitude towards the other linguistic terms is determined: semantic component of affection is determined in the English and Uzbek languages; affection is revealed in phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactical language levels and stylistic and phraseological means; the significance of the intensive means of affection are defined; FSFA is classified according to sociolinguistic peculiarities in the English and Uzbek languages; affection is analyzed according to the addressee it is referred to; etymological features of affection arc revealed; the gender peculiarities of FSFA are discovered; national and cultural sememe of affection is determined, national and cultural peculiarities of FSFA arc analyzed, its general and national peculiarities arc revealed.
Practical value: the results of investigation can be used in delivering the course of Lexicology, Stylistics, Linguaculturology, the Theory of translation and as well as in writing the graduation-qualification papers of master course students, and in compiling explanatory and translation dictionaries.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the investigation have been implemented into the practice at the courses of the Practical Translation, Stylistics, Linguaculturology for the students of the translation theory and practice department of the translation faculty in the Uzbek State World Languages University.
Field of application: General Linguistics, Comparative Typology of English and Uzbek, the Theory and Practice of Translation, Cultural Studies, Stylistics, Phonetics, Grammar.
Headache (GB, cephalgia) is one of the most frequent complaints of patients and is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system, therefore, this problem has not lost its relevance in medical science to this day. Pain is a complex and personal experience (experience) arising from the interaction (impact) of many external and internal factors on the body. Until recently, in the diagnosis and treatment of many pathological conditions, including headache (migraine, HDN), the gender factor has not was given due importance. This review analyzed information on gender differences indifferent types of primary headache, including prevalence, frequency of doctor visits, psychophysiological relationships, and response to treatment.
Узбекистонда жамиятнинг барча соҳаларида аёл ва эркаклар тенгҳуқуқлигини таъминлашни мақсад қилувчи 2020-2030 йилларда Гендер тенгликка эришиш стратегияси қабул қилинади. Стратегиядан кўзланган асосий мақсад - барча аёллар ва қизлар, эркаклар ва болалар учун уларнинг ирқи, ижтимоий келиб чиқиши, эътиқоди, ижтимоий мавқеидан қатъи назар ижтимоий, иқтисодий, сиёсий ҳаётдаги фундаментал инсон ҳуқуқларининг таъминланишига эришиш ҳисобланади. «Мамлакатда барча соҳаларда аёл ва эркакларнинг тенг ҳуқуқ ва имкониятларидан фойдаланишига ҳаракат қилинмоқда. Яқинда бўлиб ўтган сайловлар мисолида ҳам буни кўриш мумкин. Ҳозирда Узбекистон соғлиқни сақлаш ва таълим соҳасида гендер тенглигига эришди. Бошқа йўналишларда ҳам шу натижага эришиш учун мазкур стратегия ёрдам беради»
The article analyzes the legal acts that reveal new areas of ensuring and strengthening the rights of women, besides that the legal framework and mechanisms of the principle of gender equality in the Republic of Uzbekistan are highlighted in this article.
At present, as in all branches of science, translation is developing at a rapid pace, in sync with the achievements of world translation science. Of course, the main basis for this is the radical reforms being carried out in our country. Today, in Uzbek literature, as in all types and genres, there is an increase in the practice of literary translation. A lot of work is being done to translate samples of world literature directly into the Uzbek language and translate the masterpieces of Uzbek literature into foreign languages. When translating a text, it is important to preserve national identity and correctly and clearly express it in the translated language. It is no secret that the fulfillment of the honorable task of translating samples of Uzbek literature into foreign languages and the best works of world literature into our native language depends on the talent and enthusiasm of the current young generation. Therefore, young people need to pay more attention to their native language and study it in depth. In some languages, words are grammatically divided into gender categories: maxuline (masculine) and feminine (feminine) or neutral (neutral). Although the Uzbek language does not have such categories as maksulin (masculine), feminine (feminine), or neutral (neutral), gender categories are defined according to the meaning of words. For example, dugona describes the friendship of two women and is only feminine. Words like oshna, ortoq belong to the maxulin category. Given these features, it is important to correctly translate into another language or from a second language into Uzbek. Gender studies are not only about gender biology studies, but also the ability to choose words and sentences and use them where necessary in the translation process.
Object of research: The object of the thesis is the aspect of standard speech in the languages of mass media.
Subject of research: is the normative, communicative and ethic aspects of the speech standard of the language of mass media.
Methods of research: The following methods have been used in the thesis: the method of linguistic classification, methods of semantic and stylistic and componcntial analysis, comparative method, analysis of uttered speech on the radio and TV, and social poll.
The obtained and their novelty: The normative, communicative and ethic aspects of speech standard of mass media (newspaper, television and radio) were analysed for the first time as a monographic research; the principles of the problems of the language of the mass media and speech standard in linguistics were defined; modern concept of the speech standard have been covered and specific features of using speech standards in the language of the mass media have been pointed out; the language peculiarities of the language of the mass media have been analysed; national specific feature of the language of newspaper was covered; socio and psycholinguistic and functional and communicative peculiarities have been studied; expressiveness of the newspaper language and its speech and speech standard evaluation have been defined; the specific language features of newspaper, television and radio have been pointed out; speech the language of newspaper, television and radio have been analysed from speech standard point of view; the use of language in mass media have been analysed from standpoint of speech standard and normative aspect; speech standard of mass media have been analysed from communicative aspect; standard of speech was analysed from ethic aspect; interrelation between the aspects of speech standard in the language of mass media have been revealed
Practical value: The results of the research can be applied to doing scientific work in General Linguistics, Uzbek Linguistics, Speech Standard, Stylistics, Rhetoric and Journalism; it can used in conducting lectures and having seminars in the philology and journalism faculties in speech standard, stylistics, the language of Mass Media, and Rhetoric.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: The basic content of the work reflected in a monograph, in scientific articles published in foreign journals, scientific and theoretical conferences, and in more than 60 articles and abstracts.
Sphere of usage: The materials of the research can be used in writing textbooks in Speech Standard, Stylistics, Linguoculturology, the Language of Mass Media, and Psycholinguistics.
This article analyses women's issues in Turkestan, including parandja (vail) abuse of their rights, the movement of the “Khudjum”, women's spiritual educational life, social status in the family, religious-political situation in Turkestan, factors that led to the religious-political situation, gender characteristics from historical retrospectives in philosophical context. It also considers broadly the main aims and trends of the work of the East and West ideologists on parandja (vail), the issues of Islam and the Sharia law, discovering and the rights of modern women. The article shows the discourses of local scientists, their proposals and discussions set in the press of Turkestan about parandja, the ideas of the place of women in the family created under dogmatic pressure of the Sharia, that there is no need to study for women, that they should stay at home and hold the house, about restricting the rights and freedom of women, that the main task is not forcibly removing the parandja, that women should be familiarized with their rights and achieve the goal on a conscious level. It also provides statistical information about that, as a result of a violent policy, our national values, oriental way of life were attacked openly by political forces, families turned into enemies for each other, the field of crimes and murders were expanded, the sacred concept of the family suffered by spiritual crisis, that the revolutionary system, opening the way for such bloodthirstiness, committed the greatest sin, pursuing the most reactionary national policy, which ultimately led to the fact that many women, subjected to mental and religious torture, became victims of the policy of "removing the parandja". The article concludes with suggestions and reflections on the importance of studying and analyzing the religious and political life of the past in solving problems relating to religious factors at the present time.
Сир эмас, бугунги бизнинг жамиятимизда эр-хотин ёки гендер муносабатларини мустаҳкамлаш долзарб масалалардан биридир.«Ажрашишлар сони кўпайган, фарзандларнинг «тирик етим» қолиш ҳолатлари ҳамон оз эмас. Хонадонлар файзи, фарзандлар тарбиясига масъул, оила чароғбони бўлган аёллар бозор иқтисоди сабаб кўчага чиқиб, тижорат билан шуғуллана бошладилар. Бири муҳтожликдан шунга мажбур бўлса, бошқа бири ўткинчи ҳой-ҳаваслар, қаноатсизлик боне бу йўлга кираётгани аниқ. Бу борада эркакларнинг аҳамиятсизлиги ҳам катта сабаблардан биридир». Қандай фаолият тури билан шуғулланиш ҳар бир кишининг ҳуқуқидир. Тўғри, аёллар тижоратда иштирок этса буни қоралашга бизда асос йўқ. Лекин, бугун аёлларнинг хорижга кетиб ишлаши кўпаймоқда. Аёлнинг, онанинг, рафиқанинг оиладан узоқлашиши, фарзандлар тарбияси ва маънавиятига, оилавий муносабатларга, фарзандлар тарбиясига акс таъсир этаётганлиги ташвишли ҳолатдир. Шу ўринда яна бир таъсири кучли, аммо оқибати жуда ёмон бўлган бошқа бир сабабни ҳам юзага келтирмоқда. У ҳам бўлса Аллоҳ таолога итоатсизлик, илмсизликдир. Эр ҳам, хотин ҳам ўзининг шаръий вазифаларини билмаслиги, адо этмаслиги билан боғлиқ. Оқибатда фарзандлар тарбияси чала-ярим, қусурли бўлиб қолишига, уларнинг бемеҳр, оқибатсиз бўлиб улғаяшига сабаб бўлмоқда.
This article provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of aspects of speech culture, modern speech culture, which are always in the focus of the linguists. It is impossible to imagine the unity of the people living in a developed country without three important concepts: homeland, language and culture. World linguistics has shown that the study of language should be studied not as a closed system, but as a system in motion that is, in relation to such areas as society, thought, culture, politics, ideology, religion and etc. The connection of the science of language with various fields opens up a wide range of possibilities in the discovery of its new features, since the doctrine of speech culture is developed in connection with the creation of views on literary and non-literary forms of language, static and dynamic state and its functional types. The modern concept in speech culture - normative, communicative, moral principle and rhetorical canon are the main features of cultural speech, all of which play a very important role development. In order to present speech in a cultural way, it is necessary to develop the skills of choosing and using the necessary language tools, to form a conscious attitude towards them and to follow the established norms.
Subject of research: the evolution of English Grammars in the framework of information technologies development.
Purpose of work: the influence of information technologies to the constituents characteristics of English grammars in the process of evolution, the analyses of constituents of electronic English Grammars in comparison to traditional ones.
Methods of research: descriptive method, comparative method, expert-analythic method, observation method.
The results obtained and their novelty: the study of English Grammars in the framework of Information Technologies Development allows to clarify the achievements in the sphere of General and Applied Linguistics, the History of Linguistics, Text Linguistics, the Methods of Teaching Languages, allows to form the theoretical prerequisites in creation of electronic English Grammars, and defining the nature of new types of English Grammars.
Practical value: results of the dissertation can be used in creation of interactive electronic resources, in giving courses on Applied Linguistics, Text Linguistics, General Linguistics, the History of Linguistics and the Theory of Grammatical Description.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity. The main results of research and ideas arc reflected in scientific articles published by the candidate as well as her speeches at scientific conferences and arc implemented into teaching process of English language at the Academy of State and Social Construction under the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the Higher School of Business.
Field of application: creation of the new types of English Grammars, creation of interactive electronic resources, delivering courses of lectures on General Linguistics, the History of Linguistics, the Theory of Language and the courses on the methods of teaching.
This article describes the views of famous Arab linguists living in the early medieval times on the word and its making. It also describes the distinctive and general aspects of the views expressed. In the Arabic language the meanings of words “kalima”, “lafz”, “qavl” have been analyzed.