The article is devoted to the demographic problems of Japan. According to estimates of the future population by the National Institute for Demography and Social Security every five years, based on the results of the census, the total population of Japan, reaching a peak of 128 million in 2010, began to decline, and it is estimated that in 2040 it will amount to 107 million 280 thousand people a year. According to the calculations of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, in 2050 the population will decrease to 97 million people, falling below the level of one hundred million. The decline in population poses a threat to the development of society from various points of view, even if you do not run so far ahead. Due to the decrease in the working-age population (from 15 to 64 years), hidden growth opportunities disappear, and GDP decreases. It becomes difficult to maintain a social security system, and in particular a pension system. There are fears of declining living standards. The author considers such specific trends in the demographic development of Japan as the rapid aging of the population, the drop in the birth rate, as well as the impact of these processes on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of the workforce and possible ways to replenish it. In the analysis of the problems considered in the article, it is concluded that the demographic crisis faced by Japan will certainly have a noticeable negative impact on economic development, but it is likely that the country's ruling circles will be able to mobilize the nation and mitigate the effects of demographic shifts.
The presence of problems associated with demographic processes in Uzbekistan creates certain problems in the employment of labor resources. At this stage, it should be noted that the demographic situation is a complex socioeconomic process that characterizes the dynamics of the country's population, population overproduction, changes in the family structure, population migration, national and social composition of the population and changes in it. Important conditions for the formation of rational employment of the population are carried out on the basis of the following criteria: free choice of work and place of residence, the abolition of various administrative restrictions on the mobility of the population, the provision of a guarantee of employment with strict observance of labor laws. Abstaining from forced labor means that every person has a free choice - to work in social production or not. In this case, it is assumed that the legal implementation of labor activity will undoubtedly allow employees to be hired through the labor market and compete among themselves for their best conditions. According to the criteria presented, it is not enough for employees to be officially free. In order for hired labor to be effective, economic conditions and social guarantees are necessary. These include the fact that the minimum wage required for an average per capita working day is established by law, and the abolition of income restrictions for workers is the main one. One of the main demographic sources for the formation of rational employment of the able-bodied population is the expansion of its economically active part. The employment of the economically active population reflects its movement in the unity of interrelated economic and socio-demographic processes
Chast naseleniya, zanyatye rabotoy, a takje te lyudi, kotorye khotyat rabotat, ischut botu, no po raznym prichina poka ee ne imeyut, predstavlyayut soboy trudovye resursy. Ix izuchenie imeet bolshoe znachenie pri otsenke rynka truda iprovedenii gosudarstvom sootvetstvuyushche demographiceskoy politiki s tselyu vozdeistviya na processy vosproizvodstva naseleniya i ego zanyatosti. Gosudarstvennaya politika zanyatosti naseleniya – eto chast social-economic policy of the gosudarstva, napravlennaya na rreshenie problem zanyatosti naseleniya vy ekonomiki na osno povysheniya effektivnosti program obespecheniya zanyatosti, razvitiya sistemy sotsialnogo partnership, stimulating the mobility of the economic active population i sileniya gibikosti rynka truda. [1, p.188] Nastoyashchee issledovanie napravleno na reshenie sleduyushchikh zadach: obzor sovremennoy literatury po tematice trudovye resursy i obespechenie regionalnoy zanyatosti; statisticheskiy analyz zanyatosti i rovnya bezrabotitsy v Respublike Uzbekistan; Izuchenie i otsenka vliyaniya faktorov, vliyayushchikh na zanyatost trudovykh resursov Republic of Uzbekistan, s tselyu vyavleniya naibolee znachimyx iz nix. Ob'ektom issledovaniya yavlyayutsya trudovye resursy Respubliki Uzbekistan, objektom — faktori, povyshayushchie ee zanyatost. Issledovanie osnovano na ispolzovanii kak kachestvennyx, tak i kolichestvennyx metodov analiza. Qualitative analysis is based on modern research factors that define labor resources in the whole world. The quantitative analysis is based on the data of the State Committee of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Statistics, the Ministry of Industry and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Scientific Center for Industry and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, and some other organizations. The theoretical significance of the study is presented in detailed quantitative and qualitative analysis and detailed comparison of factors of regional labor resources of the Republic of Uzbekistan.
The article deals with the problems of assessing the labor market and employment of the population in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The directions and sizes of expenses for the introduction of a new system for vocational training of the unemployed and the poor and increasing their labor activity are analyzed. Since the consequences of population poverty is a limiting factor in human development. The analysis of the dynamics of the structure of labor resources, the level of participation of the population of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the labor resources by sex, the dynamics of the level of employment and unemployed in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The main conclusion of the authors is that the changing conditions of various spheres of public life require from the state a new approach to teaching young people and women, assistance in organizing their interaction with employers.
По данным ВОЗ, паразитарными инфекциями на земном шаре страдает 4300 млн. человек, от 20 млн. до 1,2 млрд, по различным видам инфекций. Наиболее широкое распространение на территории Узбекистана из глистной инвазии принадлежит - гименолепидозу. Заболеваемость гименолепидозом находилась на уровне 174,8±2,4 на 100 тыс. населения. Минимальный показатель заболеваемости гименолепидозом, равный 160,2, был зарегистрирован в 2003 году, тогда как максимальный, составляющий 183,5, наблюдался в 2002 году. Среди заболевших преобладали дети возрастом от 3 до 5 лет, посещающие детские сады и младшие классы школы, с показателем 529,6 на 100 тыс. населения, и дети возрастом 6-14 лет с показателем 516,4 на 100 тыс. населения. Наименьший показатель заболеваемости был зафиксирован у детей до 1 года (49,8 на 100 тыс. населения) и взрослых (46,8 на 100 тыс. населения). Патогенное воздействие гельминтов на детей состоит из сенсибилизации организма с последующим развитием аллергических реакций, механического повреждения тканей и кровеносных сосудов, поглощения крови, некоторых пищевых веществ, а также инокуляции микробной флоры.
This scientific article describes the methodological approaches of various countries and international financial institutions to determine the level of financial literacy of the population, as well as the theoretical views of scientists. A comparative analysis of the results of a study conducted by the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to determine the level of financial literacy of the population in different countries is carried out. The results of a survey conducted in countries
with high, medium and low per capita incomes were also analyzed. The scientific article presents scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at the formation of financial literacy of the population of our country and the creation of mechanisms for its implementation and increase its effectiveness.
The article uses methods to improve the efficiency and quality of the census. Censuses are analyzed using digital technologies, in particular, the geographical system. Examples of the effectiveness of digital technology in censuses are given. Several options for using digital technology in a census are examined. At the end of the article, conclusions and recommendations are given on improving the conduct of population censuses, in particular, the advantage of using digital technologies is noted.
This scientific article describes the methodological approaches of various countries and international financial institutions to determine the level of financial literacy of the population, as well as the theoretical views of scientists. A comparative analysis of the results of a study conducted by the World Bank and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) to determine the level of financial literacy of the population in different countries is carried out. The results of a survey conducted in countries with high, medium and low per capita incomes were also analyzed. The scientific article presents scientific proposals and practical recommendations aimed at the formation of financial literacy of the population of our country and the creation of mechanisms for its implementation and increase its effectiveness.