Tovuq patlari parrandachilik sanoatining katta hajmli va muammoli chiqindi mahsuloti bo'lib, asosan keratindan iborat va patlar tegishli ravishda gidrolizlangan bo'lsa, oqsil manbai sifatida ishlatilishi mumkin hisoblanadi. Keratinning asosiy qobiliyati inson hujayrasining korteksini jarohatlardan himoya qilishdir. Bunday omillar, masalan, issiqlik, kundalik parvarishlash va kimyoviy moddalar bilan bog'liq. Gidrolizlangan keratinni topikal qo'llash terining moslashuvchanligi va namlanishida sezilarli o'sishni beradi. Uning namlovchi xususiyati tufayli keratin shampunlar va konditsionerlarga qo'shiladi, soch to'kilishini yashiradi va bunday mahsulotlar sochni qalinlashtiruvchi vosita hisoblanadi [1]. Protein gidrolizatlari sochlarni mukammal tiklaydi va parvarish qiladi. Bu dinamik peptidlar tuzatuvchi va konditsioner moddalardir. Soch iplarini mustahkamlash, tolaning parchalanishini kuchaytirish va kamaytirish kabi afzalliklarga ega. Bundan tashqari, terida sochni tiklash vositalarining bir qismi va sochlarga ranglarni bir xilda saqlashga yordam beruvchi sifatida ishlatiladi. Tovuq patlari keratin va aminokislotalarni o'z ichiga olganligi sababli, ularning gidrolizatlar sochni davolashda va terini davolashda ishlatilishi mumkin. Keratinlar eng ko'p tarqalgan strukturaviy oqsildir.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. In the world lat days chanchcd structures of trauma, increase the number of heavy combined traumas, which resulting in more heavy nature of simultaneous injuries of three , four or more anatomical regions, which creates difficulties in determining of the order of care and surgical tactics in patients with combined traumas of the facial skeleton bones (CTFSB). The syndrome of mutual burdening injuries of various anatomical regions, variety, hcavity and speed of the development of pathological process did difficulty of diagnosis of the CTFSB. Complexity of the clinical picture, features of the progress of post-traumatic shock, the development of traumatic disease cause difficulties which arise in the course of examination of patients and put tasks to the experts to find new ways of developing diagnostic algorithms and early surgical treatment of the CTFSB.
Frequency of CTFSB ranges from 34,8 to 63,3%. Fractures of orbit has been observed with an extremely high frequency (98%) in CTFSB, injury of the orbit is accompanied by damage of the eyeball and its subsidiary bodies has been observed in 66 % of eases. Consequences of eye injuries arc becoming the leading cause of disability and in 50% of eases could cause permanent loss of vision. By reason of death combined trauma take the third part after coronary heart diseases. Frequency of disfiguring defects and deformities of face occurs in 12 and 57%, disability in CTFSB reaches up to 23%. CTFSB, combined with TBI, causes up to 60% of deaths.
The causes of unsufficient results is non-availability of a diagnostic algorithm, which includes the most informative research methods, determining the order of interaction and priority of work of doctors of various specialties in CTFSB.
In some eases, requires specified an indications, character, scope, sequence and timing of surgical interventions, depending of the objective assessment of heaviness of injuries to various anatomical regions, prognosis criteria, the nature and heaviness of life-threatening consequences of combined trauma. The research work earned out within the framework of the achievement of the set by the Decree of the President of Republic of Uzbekistan “About measures on the further deepening reform the health care system” November 28, 2011, № PD-1652, maintenance of high-quality medical aid to the population under modem requirements and standards.In this regard the need for the development of algorithms of diagnosis and early methods of surgical treatment of patients with CTFSB constitute one of the important criteria demand the theme of dissertation.
Purpose of research is improvement of the diagnostic tactics and therapeutic interventions in patients with acute combined injuries of the facial bones according to the severity and location of the injury.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following: revealed the structure and features provide consistent care to patients with combined injuries in Republic of Uzbekistan;
The sequence of diagnostic and therapeutic measures, depending on the patient's general condition with CTFSB first determined by using created CT program "ADIL
developed innovative methods for early reduction and fixation of bone fragments in CTFSB;
identified endogenous factors, affecting on the wound process, disclosed the mechanisms of post-traumatic complications in CTFSB;
proved, that at 2 - 3rd days after the injury occurs the depression of cell and humoral immunity in the blood. Increases the level of proinflammatory cytokines, reduced the level of anti-inflammatory cytokine (in 2,8 at patients with heavy commonl condition. Increased levels of pro - and reducing anti - inflammatory cytokines is a poor prognostic factor in the development of inflammatory complications (bone wound suppuration, osteomyelitis of the jaw bones, soft tissue abscess);
patients with CTFSB at 2 - 3rd days after the injury occurs the depression of the content of protein and micronutrients (calcium, potassium and phosphorus) in the blood, which is a prognostic factor of the development of complications;
a scheme was developed for integrated medical correction of endogenous factors affecting on the development of posttraumatic complications;
1. CTFSB in 100% of cases combined with TBI, in 27.7 % with injuries of skeleton and internal injuries. In the diagnosis and treatment of patients with CTFSB should participate resuscitator, maxillofacial surgeon, neurosurgeon, ophthalmologist, and otolaryngologist. Primary debridement of wounds, reduction and fixation of bone fragments in patients in compensated state should be done within 3 hours after injury, while at subcompensated state - during the first day, and at the decompensated state - within 3 days.
2. With the CT program "ADIL" can determine the overall condition of patients in a short time. The most informative diagnostic criteria arc the general condition of patients, level of consciousness, hemodynamic stability, shock index and temperature gradient. The severity of the general condition of patients is directly dependent on the localization of the fracture of the facial bones. Multiple fractures of the upper and middle areas of the face arc the most serious injury in patients.
3. Patients with CTFSB in compensated and subcompensated state emergency surgical aid and diagnostic procedures should be performed in full volume (maxillofacial surgery, traumatology, neurosurgery, surgery, ophthalmology and otorhinolaryngologist), including the reduction and fixation of bone fragments in the first day. To patients with CTFSB in state decompensated should be performed at least diagnostic procedures, limiting the amount of emergency surgery. Reduction and fixation of bone fragments should be done after the restoration of function of vital organs and systems.
4. The method of choice for the treatment of depressed large bone fragments of facial bones is a titanium distractor, the use of which gives a good clinical and functional outcome.
5. When depressed fracture of the zygomatic arch application of the developed device will allow us to produce reduction and fixation of bone fragments in the early stages (within one day) with a good cosmetic result.
6. At patients with CTFSB in posttraumatic period (7- 14th day.) there arc a deep depression of CD3, CD4 cell composition, humoral factors and secretory immune system, increased necrosis factor CD95, increasing the levels of proin-flammatory (IL-6 ) and a decrease - anti- inflammatory (IL -10) cytokines. On 9-10th day reduced total protein, calcium, potassium and phosphorus in the blood .
7. Reduction of cellular and humoral immunity, increased proinflammatory cytokine and tumor necrosis factor, reducing the anti-inflammatory cytokine , the protein concentration in the blood, calcium, potassium and phosphorus arc predictors of complications.
8. Application of complex drug therapy within the 1-3 days after the injury with the inclusion of immune ( immunomoduline, ribomunil ), enzyme ( Voben-zym ) drugs osteoplastic materials allows to correct the violation of homeostasis, also used to prevent complications.
Жигарнинг углеводлар алмашинувида қатнашиши, ўзига хос аҳамиятга эга. Унинг асосий фаолиятидан ири бу гепатоцитларда глюкозани гликогенга айлантириб тўплаш ва гликоген заҳиралари камайганда уни қонга ажратиш ҳисобланади. Жигар касалликларида эса, фермент системаларининг фаолликларини сусайиши ўз навбатида гликоген ҳосил бўлишини камайишига, сут кислотасини миқдорини ортишига олиб келиб углеводлар алмашинувини издан чиқишига сабаб бўлади. Гепатопротектор хусусиятга эга бўлган дори воситаларини излаш, самарали таъсирини ўрганиш ва амалиётга тадбиқ этиш долзарб муаммолардан бири бўлиб ҳисобланади.
Subject of research: 128 patients with acute, subacute, secondary-chronic and primary-chronic types of Rock fever.
Aim of research: early diagnosis of audio and vestibular disturbances on patients undergo Rock fever and against background of usage of ototoxic medicines by applying of modem complex tools of audio research and impcdanccmctry.
Tools of research: general clinical research, special inquiries: examination of otolaryngologic organs, acoumctcring, tone threshold audiomctcring, voice audiometery, impcdanccmctry, detection of audio sensitivity to ultrasound under methodology of В. M. Sagalovich, vestibulometery, clcctronistagmography, reenccphalography.
Results received and their novelty: different types of audio disturbances were first time discovered from patients with Rock fever infection during a complex inquiry of audio and vestibular organs status: in acute and subacute types of Rock fever there dominate the audio disturbances on sound conductivity, in chronic type - the mixed or advantageously ncurosensoric character. There was applied an impcdanccmetry to define a character and level of injury of audio organ.
A scheme of complex conservative therapy included the mounts that influence on hemodynamics; adjuvants; the mounts that influence on tissue interchange; antyhypoxantincs that improve microcirculation of internal car; enzyme mounts that eliminate cicatrical and soldering processes in medium ear.
Practical value of dissertation: a qualified method of diagnosis of different types audio disturbances was proposed to practical public health. The methods of early diagnosis allow asserting a necessity of usage of early complex inquiries of audio and vestibular analyzers to make a prevention and development of further abnormalities (hard hearing and surdity).
A level of introduction: received results were introduced to the work of Otolaryngologic department of Second Tashkent State Medical Institute and clinical infectious hospital of Scientific Research Institute of Epidemiology, Microbiology of Infection Diseases of Republic of Uzbekistan.
Fields of applying: otolaryngology, infection diseases.
The purpose of the study was to determine and evaluate the features of morphological changes in the liver parenchyma of 5-month-old white outbred rats under the influence of anti inflammatory drugs under conditions of polypharmacy.
The object of study for experimental studies was taken 250 white male rats weighing 200-250 g.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs negatively affects all parameters of liver structures. Under the influence of polypharmacy, there is a decrease in the absolute mass of the liver, volume and morphological parameters of the liver parenchyma. The decrease in morphometric parameters depends on the number of drugs in polypharmacy; under conditions of polypharmacy, the state of the hepatic capillaries and internal bile ducts, as well as biological membranes, was studied, as a result of which the structural structure of the liver, the development of destruction of the hepatic tissue were studied, and the morphofunctional foundations of this condition were shown.
Implementation of the research results. Based on the obtained scientific results, the morphofunctional characteristics of the liver of rats in the norm and under the influence of polypharmacy were determined:
Approved methodological recommendations: "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Conclusion No. 8n-r / 265 dated 14.03.2022 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Uzbekistan, Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022), electronic program No. DGU 1038 "Program for studying the comparative characteristics of morphological changes caused by polypharmacy in the liver."
The scientific results obtained in the study of morphological and functional properties and morphometric changes in the structure of the liver under the influence of polypharmacy have been introduced into the practice of the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Oncological and Radiological Scientific and Practical Medical Center of the Samarkand City Medical Association (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 2022, 8n-r / 265-No. and conclusion No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022). The implementation of the obtained research data allows developing methods for early diagnosis, treatment and prediction of organopathology by morphological parameters, improving the quality of life and reducing the number of complications.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The structure of the dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The volume of the dissertation was 103 pages.
Оғиз бўшлиғи шиллиқ қаватида яллиғланиш ва деструктив касалликларнинг генезида нафақат фермент, балки микроэлемент таркиб, айниқса калций ва фосфор таркибининг бузилишини аҳамияти тўғрисида адабиѐтда келтирилган маълумотларни эътиборга олиб, биз флавоноид асосидаги дори воситалариданфойдаланиш комплекс ва алоҳида қўлланишининг таъсири остида кузатилаѐтган беморларнинг аралаш сўлагида уларнинг миқдорини ўргандик. Текширилган беморларда дастлабки ҳолатда ифодаланган микроэлемент таркибда нотурғунлик кузатиди, у аралаш сўлакда фосфорнинг ишончли ортиши фонида калций даражасининг ишончли камайиши билан намоѐн бўлди
In order to study the activity of fecal elastase in 108 preterm infants born at gestational
age from 22 to 32 weeks, stool samples were collected at the age of 13-14 days. Pancreatic
insufficiency was found in preterm infants born at gestational age from 22 to 28 weeks by the age of
2 weeks; in premature babies with a gestational age of 28–32 weeks, the values of full-term babies
are reached in the same age period of pancreatic elastase activity.The relationship between the
gestational age of newborns and the degree of pancreatic insufficiency has been established.
Fecal elastase activity was significantly lower than in children who received breast and mixed
feeding. The necessity of early replacement therapy in such newborns to prevent exocrine
pancreatic insufficiency is substantiated.
У пациентов с COVID-19 может развиться критическая форма заболевания при наличии таких основных состояний, как гипертония, сахарный диабет, ишемическая болезнь сердца, хроническая обструктивная болезнь лёгких, иммунологические заболевания, онкологические заболевания.