All Humans were born in their family, they grow as a member of family. Family is considered as a place which has a bond to live together of relationship with man and wife, parents, children as well as siblings. Blood relation and relative by marriage are main part in attitude of society, In addition it can consist of their duties and aims. That kind of attitude among society is said kinship. And the words which are related to this are called kinship terms. These terms possess form of naming and address. This terms posses two types: address and naming which are differentiated in relationship. This article provides comparison between similarities and differences in the terms of kinship in Japanese and Uzbek languages. Direct and соllateral family ties from the ascending line (grandfather) to the descending line (grandson) are analyzed. The objective of this work is to identify answers to questions such as whether the meanings of kinship terms are uniquely suited in Japanese and Uzbek languages and whether relationship structures are similar or different. In this scientific article, the names of kinship relations in Japanese and Uzbek are systematized, their meanings and relations are determined. In Japanese and Uzbek languages, the name blood relationship is consistent but there are differences in relation. From the point of view of соllateral family kinship, it was found that there are differences in the name of the kinship, in both their meaning and attitude.
The history of relations between Uzbekistan and India have been continuing for a long time. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the relations have acquired a new meaning. In this article, the political, historical, economic study of bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and India was studied in an interdisciplinary approach. During the analysis, the works of Uzbek and Indian scholars who have studied the relations between the two countries will be considered. The scientific works of Uzbek scholars studying the relations between Uzbekistan and India analyze the economic, political and cultural aspects of relations. In particular, the works of R.Asadova and N.Ibragimova, who studied the period of relations between the two countries until 2000 at the dissertation level, will be studied. During the study of the history of relations between the two countries of S.Mirkasimov, I.Nematov and I.Mavlonov, who served as Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Uzbekistan in India from 1993 to 2004, will be considered. The scientific works of Indian scholars Skand R.Tayal, Barun De, Rahul Tripathi, V.Choob, Ramakant Dwivedi, Ramgopal Agarwala, Myeena Singh Roy, Prakash Shri, Rajorshi Roy, K.Santhanam, G-n Bhargav Mitra, who studied the relations between the two countries, were studied. Periodicals of the Republic of Uzbekistan play a key role in the coverage of Uzbek-Indian relations. This study examines the data of authors who have published articles in newspapers about the friendly relations between the two countries.
The article discusses the socio-philosophical factor of intercultural elations in the new stage of development. The attitude of the respondents to intercultural harmony and amicable neighborliness are scientifically analyzed through sociological research
This article covers the relations between the brotherly peoples of Turkey and Central Asia, the diplomatic relations carried out, the embassy relations between the Kokand Khanate and the Ottomans
Geopolitical transformations and their impact on the energy system are closely related to the formation of the modern world order, and the energy factor plays an increasingly important role in international relations. Currently, energy security is regulated not only by the laws of a market economy, but also by geopolitical interests. Recently, it has been observed that subjects of international relations are trying to use the energy and raw materials factor to advance their interests. In the modern world order, fierce competition and the struggle for energy resources have taken a new turn. Leading countries are striving to establish themselves firmly in regions with large reserves of raw materials. Relations in the field of production, transportation and supply of energy to foreign markets are directly related to geopolitical processes. Therefore, under the influence of geopolitical transformations, this form of relationship changes systematically and functionally. The modern international energy system is affected by the forces and factors inherent in the world order, and is becoming increasingly complex. Geopolitical transformations have a significant impact on the international energy regime, creating a new configuration of geopolitical forces. New large consumer centers are emerging in the international arena, and competition between them is growing. The emergence of new centers of power has a significant impact on international energy relations. Energy conflicts between power centers and other actors weaken the foundations of global energy security. At the same time, the lack of effective international legal mechanisms to ensure energy security complicates the energy situation. This article discusses the impact of geopolitical transformations in East Asia on energy security, geopolitical processes in the region, the impact of the geostrategic, geo-economic interests of leading countries on international and regional energy relations, the impact of economic competition and political tension on markets, investment and energy resources of the countries of the region on the total security of the region, the geopolitical situation in the region and the participation of leading states, as well as international and regional political and economic structures. Also highlights problems of energy security in East Asia, the energy situation in the region, current issues of energy in the region, energy policy and cooperation of the countries of the region, the main directions of modern architecture of energy security in East Asia, energy strategies of the countries of the region, the institutional foundations of energy security, the problems facing energy diplomacy of the states of the region, the impact of regional conflicts on energy security and other relevant issues facing today's energy security in the region. It also provides analytical forecasts of the future energy situation in the region and in the international arena. The article concludes with scientific recommendations aimed at ensuring energy security and enhancing the effectiveness of cooperation in the context of geopolitical transformation.
The article discusses interdisciplinary Russian-Central Asian relations with a focus on its economic component. The specifics of the ongoing research, which is the basis for the article, is an attempt to systematically evaluate the key elements of interaction between Russia and Central Asian countries in the areas of politics, security, the economy (including in the energy sector), as well as in the social sphere. Through this lens, the most important factors and stages of relations in the period of 1991-2018 are also identified, and statistics not previously combined in one material are provided. Over the past years, since the declaration of independence of the Central Asian countries, economic relations between the Russian Federation and the regional countries have been characterized by a series of "ups" and "downs". A noticeable activation of Russian business and the overall economic policy of the Russian Federation in Central Asia began to be observed from the beginning of the 2000s. Russia's strategic interests have touched the oil and gas sector, where the vast majority of Russian investments have been represented. In recent years, in the face of continuing Western sanctions, the Central Asian region has become one of the most important, and non-alternative, economic regions for Russia. At present, new trends are beginning to intensify and deepen economic cooperation, including diversification of ties across sectors of the economy, expanding geography and improving the quality of cooperation. Investments from the Central Asian countries themselves in the Russian Federation have played and continue to play an important role in the development of economic relations. Moreover, relations between Russia and Central Asian countries in the labor migration segment have been developing dynamically and on a large scale for many years. In general, the importance of labor migration is high not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the Central Asian countries themselves. It is concluded that in recent years, Russian-Central Asian relations have been characterized by rather high dynamics. There is no doubt that the development of interaction is largely favored by traditionally close bilateral and multilateral ties: due to historical commonality, geographical proximity, socio-cultural and other proximity, the presence of institutional formats, and mutual desire for cooperation.
The article highlights the history of political relations between the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic and the Republic of Turkey in the 20s of the twentieth century. The government of the Young Bukharians headed by F. Khodjaev considered political relations with Turkey one of the important directions. The Turkish state was the first to recognize the independence of the BNSR and sent ambassadors to Bukhara. On the basis of archival documents, it is revealed that political relations between the two countries were not effective enough under the pressure of the Soviets.
The study discusses some key issues regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international relations, the global economy. According to the author, slackening of economic relation in global economy, the falldown of Gross Domestic Product, has counted against many national economies and for global economy as a whole. In this context, it is also necessary to emphasize that the issue will negatively affect the cultural and humanitarian relations between the countries, which will also affect and slow down the pace of development of international relations after the pandemic. The situation that has developed in the world as a result of a pandemic makes it clear that the emergence of any disease, epidemic, threatens its mass spread among millions of people and not a single country or state is protected from this, and the consequences apply to absolutely all spheres of life of a human being. At present, for many states, along with political and economic problems that need urgent solutions, the construction of hospitals, their equipping and provision of medical personnel, the lack of which is especially acute in the context of the global epidemic, has become especially priority. And, in such conditions, the development of multilateral cooperation is acutely felt, actions together based on the principles of cooperation in solving priority problems. The following tasks are revealed in the article: study of the situation in the world related to the current spread of the coronavirus, the impact of the pandemic on international relations; measures taken by governments in a pandemic conditions and their effectiveness; Uzbekistan's experience in counteracting the pandemia; strengthening regional cooperation; Uzbekistan's initiatives to combat the pandemia. The general situation, connected with the spread of the pandemia is examined. The consideration is given to the measures applied by the countries’ governments in combating the coronavirus pandemia, as well as their effectiveness. The article presents the experience of Uzbekistan in combating a pandemia, initiatives to combat the crisis, as well as strengthening regional cooperation with neighboring countries at the current stage. Currently, only the beginning of regional cooperation between Central Asian states is observed. The study of the issues of spread of coronavirus, and its impact on international relations are not well-defined. Since the pandemic has spread throughout the world, there are a lot of questions for research, not only large-scale, but also local in nature. In the course of the work, the author applied a systematic approach.
Everyone receives spam while working on the Internet.Someone accepts this fact as unavoidable one, and, keeping enviable peace of mind, deletes the incoming correspondence from unknown senders. Someone is growling out and demonstrates his displeasure to a provider or sender. There are others, who read carefully every incoming message, thus deriving sometimes a profit for themselves. All the persons mentioned above participate in the specific informational public relation via the Internet and email using.
It is known from history that two fraternal peoples are connected by one language, the sacred Islamic religion, traditions and customs, and the invaluable heritage of great figures. Even when there is no border between the two countries, it is well known that the great representatives of our people have created a great heritage of culture, history and science in the territory of modern Afghanistan and this heritage is a common property. In this sense, a new page of relations between two countries is now emerging. The nearly half-century war in Afghanistan indicates that this land has become the heartland of world politics ever since. Afghanistan remains a main point in the field of competition for the geopolitical maneuvers of the region and its conflicting interests. Nowadays, this is the result of geopolitical struggle in which there are different views on achieving peace in the Afghan land. However, it should be noted that Uzbekistan has some of the most current approaches and its pragmatic and constructive views on the peace process in Afghanistan that differ from other powers. Uzbekistan is a only country bordered all Central Asian states as well as Afghanistan. Such a geostrategic axiom will lead to the recognition of Uzbekistan’s role in the Afghan peace process. This article analyzes the political, trade, economic, cultural and humanitarian relations of modern Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and their features. In particular, the article shows relations with the government of Afghanistan, Tashkent International Conference on Afghanistan, negotiations with the leadership of the Taliban political office, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Heart” railroad, “Termiz cargo” international export logistics center, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar” railroad, “Surkhan-Puli Khumri” power plant, “Uzbekistan-Afghanistan” Friendship Society, Training Center for Afghan Citizens, International Scientific Conference on Afghanistan and other many practical works.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan in 1992, the two countries, based on mutually beneficial cooperation and trust, have been developing friendly relations in various fields every year. In particular, the rise of Korea and Uzbekistan to the level of "Special Strategic Partnership" in 2019 was an important event in relations between the two countries. These achievements have not been achieved overnight, but are the result of the two countries ’trust, cooperation and efforts to support each other over the past 30 years. 2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, diplomatic relations between the two countries have been growing in quantity and quality. Today, the presidents of Korea and Uzbekistan sometimes call each other "Aka-Uka" and sometimes describe each other as "true friends." Korea and Uzbekistan have become true brothers. Accordingly, Korea and Uzbekistan, which are actively developing diplomatic, economic, social, as well as health, cultural and labor exchanges as strategic partners for each other, will be a great synergy if they expand cooperation in the future and meet each other's needs and develop together. effect is expected to occur.
The author notes in the article that good-neighborly and friendly relations between Tajiks and Uzbeks are unique in our world. New friendships are not only completely political and symbolic, but primarily socially oriented towards the well-being of people. The article notes that the literary ties of the Tajik Uzbek peoples were formed under the influence of a common religion, tradition and way of life, geographical proximity, and in the course of the historical process brought these peoples closer. A strong foundation and guarantor of sustainable development and prosperity are willingness and sincere desire for cooperation. It is this factor that consistently serves to further strengthen ties between Uzbekistan and Tajikistan in various spheres of life. The Uzbek and Tajik peoples have been close neighbors for centuries, they were tied by friendly and family ties. The intertwining of spirituality, literature, music and the way of life of the two peoples is a unique phenomenon in history. In the most difficult historical periods, they supported each other, stood shoulder to shoulder. The author notes that the far-sighted heads of Tajikistan and Uzbekistan saved the peoples of their countries, preventing them from becoming strangers to each other, and created conditions for the continuation of the glorious
historical traditions of friendship. The author also examines the merits of the leaders of the two countries, the consistent steps of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyayev, including the efforts of the Founder of Peace and National Unity - the Leader of the Nation, President of Tajikistan Emomali Rahmon to create literary and friendly Tajik-Uzbek ties during the period of independence.
Автор в статье отмечает, что добрососедские и дружеские отношения между таджиками и узбеками являются уникальными в нашем мире. Новые дружеские отношения являются не только полностью политическими, и символическими, но в первую очередь социально ориентированными на благосостояние людей. В статье отмечается, литературные связи таджикского узбекского народов были сформированы под влиянием
общности религии, традицией и быта, географической близости, и в ходе исторического процесса сблизили эти народы. Прочным фундаментом и гарантом устойчивого развития и процветания являются готовность и искреннее стремление к сотрудничеству. Именно этот фактор последовательно служит дальнейшему укреплению связи Узбекистана и Таджикистана в различных сферах жизни. Узбекский и таджикский народы в течение веков были близкими соседями, их связывали дружеские и родственные узы. Переплетение духовности, литературы, музыки и образа жизни двух народов – уникальное явление в истории. В наиболее сложные исторические периоды они поддерживали друг друга, стояли плечом к плечу. Автор отмечает, что дальновидные главы Таджикистана и Узбекистана уберегли народы своих стран, не дав им стать чужими друг другу, и создали условия для продолжения славных исторических традиций дружбы. Автор также рассматривает заслуги лидеров двух стран, последовательные шаги Президента Республики Узбекистан Шавката Мирзияева, в том числе усилия Основателя мира и национального единства - Лидера нации, Президента Таджикистана Эмомали Рахмона по созданию литературные и дружеские таджикско-узбекские связи в период независимости.
The monograph comprehensively examines the issues of transformation of the world order in the context of the processes of modern regional construction in Central Asia. Theoretical and methodological approaches to the study of the category “world order” are analyzed, the author’s vision of the evolution of the principles of the Westphalian model in the context of globalization is outlined, and a transformational model of world order from the position of theoretical pluralism is proposed. The features, conditions and factors of transformation of the modern world order are studied through the prism of regional processes in Central Asia. The author's conceptual approaches to the problems of regionalism and regional order in Central Asia in the context of the transformation of the modern international political system are outlined. The foreign policy of the states of the region is analyzed in detail in the context of their national development strategies and the position of extra-regional actors in relation to Central Asian regionalism. Particular attention is paid to the system-forming role of the Republic of Uzbekistan in Central Asia in the light of the implementation of its own new foreign policy doctrine. The monograph is intended for master's students, doctoral students, teachers and researchers, as well as undergraduate students in the field of International Relations and Political Science. It will also be useful to readers interested in international relations and foreign policy.
The state, using financial relations, redistributes GDP and forms funds of funds that act as budget revenues. “Budget revenues are economic (monetary) relations that arise between the state and legal entities and individuals in the process of forming funds of funds and coming to the disposal of authorities at various levels and local self-government.” Budget revenues are generated from tax and non-lag revenues. The strengthening of the state with branched bodies in the center and in the regions, as well as the development of market relations, brought to life the emergence of various taxes and fees, which required the reduction of all mandatory payments into a strict tax system.
In the article legal relations in sphere of obligations in the Internet are analyzed and the general characteristic of the liabilities arising in the virtual environment proceeding from specifics of the Internet are described.