Political parties, electoral system, multiparty system, representative bodies of the government,
status and powers of parties, two-chamber parliament, parliamentary majority, opposition, electoral rights of citizens, falsification of results of vote, electoral process, financing of political parties, fraction, election of the Prime minister, electoral company.
В современной жизни в условиях правового государства и формирования гражданского общества важное место, с политической точки зрения, занимают политические партии. С момента приобретения независимости в Республике Узбекистан особое значение придавалось укреплению правового статуса политических партий и созданию многопартийной системы.
This article reveals the idea of one of the most influencial political figures of that time, the founder of the Third Party (Democratic Party of the workers and peasants of China), General Den Yanda and their impart on the beginning of reforms in modern China. The theory of Den Yanda on “the revolution of the ordinary people” has fully obtained practical involvement during the Chinese period of reforms.
The article highlights the formation and ideological foundations of the political ideology of modern neoconservatism in the United States on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature. By the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the ideology of neoconservatism had a special place in the political life of the United States. In certain periods, the state had a significant influence on political decision-making. In particular, during the government of the Republican party in the United States, neoconservatism takes priority in the formation of domestic and foreign policy concepts. The ideology of neoconservatism of the United States is characterized by such characteristics as the promotion of democracy in the world, interference in political processes in different regions, the widespread use of military means in the system of global ideological processes. In particular, in the last decades, the foreign policy of the United States in different regions has become more neoconservative. The influence of neoconservatism ideologists on the formation of foreign political approaches aimed at the fight against terrorism and the decision-making of democratic values in states with authoritarian regimes was strong, and in the discourse of ideological-political processes, geo-ideological struggle in the Middle East region also demonstrated that neoconservatism has its influence. Research in the field of neoconservatism is carried out mainly by foreign research centers, scientific institutions and "think tanks". The main attention is paid to the evolution of the external political ideology of neoconservatism. The article analyzes the evolution of the formation of the ideology of neoconservatism in the USA, its impact on domestic and foreign policy processes as a political ideology, the development trend of the views of the founders of neoconservatism, the formation and institutionalization of the neo-conservative structures based on foreign studies, scientific literature, internet sources. The article also highlights the integrative features of the formation of ideological and theoretical foundations of the ideology of neoconservatism in the United States.
The article highlights the history of political relations between the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic and the Republic of Turkey in the 20s of the twentieth century. The government of the Young Bukharians headed by F. Khodjaev considered political relations with Turkey one of the important directions. The Turkish state was the first to recognize the independence of the BNSR and sent ambassadors to Bukhara. On the basis of archival documents, it is revealed that political relations between the two countries were not effective enough under the pressure of the Soviets.
Over the past 30 years, multi-party regimes have replaced single-party regimes in Arab countries. This process began in Egypt in 1976 with the division of the Arab Socialist Union into three groups. Later, in the late 1990s, Egypt established an electoral system that served the interests of the ruling party’s candidate under the provisions of the election law. This was since the powers of the head of state were constantly amending the constitution. Although Egypt is officially a republic, it can be considered a modern version of a parliamentary monarchy. Because the unlimited power of a political leader combines the functions of a party leader and a head of state in the person of one person. As Western democratization processes take place, tensions between moderate and radical forces and movements in the Arab world will increase. In general, the processes of developing a democratic and civil society in Egypt are unique, which is very different from the western understanding of these problems. At present, the Egyptian leadership faces a major problem of how to achieve political and social modernization in society.
Iin this article, factions of political parties, the order of their formation, scientific and theoretical iews, the legal foundations of the activities of factions, opposition factions in parliament and their functions in the exercise of parliamentary control, experience of foreign countries, suggestions and recommendations on strengthening the participation of factions in the formation of the
government, increasing their role in the implementation of legislation.
The article analyzes issues related to constitutional and legal guarantees of the activities of public associations. The legal status of public associations, their role in society and the state are studied. The goals, tasks and forms of public associations are reviewed.
The article scientifically analyzes the notion of law-making activity, features and forms of sociological support of law-making activity, formulates scientifically grounded proposals and recommendations
The article examines the degree of influence of political Islam on the processes of modernization, geopolitics, as well as socio-political development, including the need to create a scientific basis for regulating religious relations in Arab African countries, which have become a source of instability. In this context, political processes in North Africa and the Middle East are studied. The processes of social and political transformations have influenced the political systems of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and other Gulf countries. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the wave of socio-political transformations that began in December 2010 in Tunisia and Algeria, called the “Arab Spring”, was a phenomenon caused by a difficult internal situation, as well as internal and external factors that triggered these events. Also, the result of social and religious unrest was the overthrow of the ruling regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya. They led to changes in the ruling elite in Yemen and to this day the struggle continues between the Syrian government and the opposition. If the demonstrations against the regime in Tunisia, Egypt and Yemen were based on the internal socio-economic crisis, corruption of the ruling elite, the absence of genuine democratic freedoms and ethno-confessional confrontation, then the support of external forces was a key factor in Libya and Syria. These events spanned the entire Arab world, with the exception of Somalia, Mauritania and the Comoros, and led to a change in their political systems, structures, as well as the political future of states. The influence of the “Arab spring” on North Africa and the Middle East is not the same. As a result of the political and economic upheavals of the Arab Spring, countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, Libya, Syria were seriously affected by them. And on Morocco, Jordan, Lebanon, Algeria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Oman, they had only a superficial influence. At the same time, changes in the socio-political situation in each of the countries of the region directly affect their neighboring states. Recent events in the Middle East and North Africa have created a more complex and interdependent situation, which has led to changes in the relations of security and stability not only in neighboring regions, but also in the world.
Article analyses current state of bilateral economic cooperation between India and Uzbekistan, taking into account the factors like Indian economic development, its experience of developing bilateral trade and possibilities of developing trade relations between India and Uzbekistan. Besides, Author analyses the current state of realizing Indian Central Asian strategy called “Connect Central Asia” and economic aspects of how India tries to implement its basic interests into realization. At the same time main export targets of Uzbekistan and its export quality are examined and how share of Uzbekistani export in India can be raised by using existing conditions and new passages for developing bilateral trade. Author researched possible ways of developing transport communication and transport hubs for connecting Central and South Asia. Transport corridors like International South-North corridor proposed by India and supported countries like Russia, Iran and Central Asian countries which connects India with Europe through India and Central Asia. Besides, policy recommendations and suggestions are developed by author.
The monograph comprehensively examines the use of "soft power" as the most important tool of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the present stage. The approaches of various political schools to the categories of "power" and "soft power" in foreign policy and international relations are analyzed, the latest approaches to assessing the resources of "soft power" and its conversion into influence are considered, an assessment is made of current trends in international and regional politics, and a classification of instruments is proposed. and mechanisms of "soft power" through the prism of the national interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author's approach to the problems of the genesis of the "soft power" of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the beginning of its independence is outlined. The issues of formation and use of the potential and resources of the “soft power” of the country are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the dialectical relationship between the strengthening of national identity and the development of "soft power", as well as factors that contribute to and hinder the implementation of this concept in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The experience of ten leading states of the world and countries of the Central Asian region on the use of "soft power" in the implementation of foreign policy and foreign economic strategies is analyzed. A conceptual model for the implementation of the "soft power" policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is presented. The monograph is intended for undergraduates, doctoral students, teachers and researchers, as well as undergraduate students in the direction of "International Relations and Political Science".
The article studies the regional politics of Syria, analyzes the evolution and transformation of the foreign policy of official Damascus. This article examines the political background of the emergence and development of the regional problem, discusses its characteristics, and analyzes the external factors that have influenced and are influencing the evolution of the Middle East problem. It presents assessment results of the Syrian's leadership politics on building relations with the countries of the Middle East. The article also analyzes the circumstances of the armed conflict in Syria. The questions relating to the development of Syria's foreign policy are studied, factors influencing its regional policy are analyzed and Syria’s position on specific areas of the Middle East problem is disclosed. A number of factors influencing the evolution of Syria's foreign policy in the new geopolitical situation in the region is analyzed in this article. Syria's foreign policy activities are considered, taking into account external influences and contacts, the impact of which has affected the political life of the country. The article devotes considerable attention to the analysis of foreign orientalists' studies of Syria’s domestic and foreign policy in general and bilateral relations with SAR individual countries. It is noted that the scientific works of foreign researchers are mainly aimed at the study of domestic policy, the military-political situation in Syria, inter-confessional relations, as well as some aspects of Syria's foreign policy, the specifics of the foreign policy situation as a whole, mechanisms for making foreign policy decisions. It is noted that there is still a need for a comprehensive study of certain aspects of Syria's domestic and foreign policy at the present stage.
The history of relations between Uzbekistan and India have been continuing for a long time. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the relations have acquired a new meaning. In this article, the political, historical, economic study of bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and India was studied in an interdisciplinary approach. During the analysis, the works of Uzbek and Indian scholars who have studied the relations between the two countries will be considered. The scientific works of Uzbek scholars studying the relations between Uzbekistan and India analyze the economic, political and cultural aspects of relations. In particular, the works of R.Asadova and N.Ibragimova, who studied the period of relations between the two countries until 2000 at the dissertation level, will be studied. During the study of the history of relations between the two countries of S.Mirkasimov, I.Nematov and I.Mavlonov, who served as Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Uzbekistan in India from 1993 to 2004, will be considered. The scientific works of Indian scholars Skand R.Tayal, Barun De, Rahul Tripathi, V.Choob, Ramakant Dwivedi, Ramgopal Agarwala, Myeena Singh Roy, Prakash Shri, Rajorshi Roy, K.Santhanam, G-n Bhargav Mitra, who studied the relations between the two countries, were studied. Periodicals of the Republic of Uzbekistan play a key role in the coverage of Uzbek-Indian relations. This study examines the data of authors who have published articles in newspapers about the friendly relations between the two countries.
In this article, during the rule of Sultan Keldi Muhammad, the political situation in Sevinchhojakhan estates of the Shaybanites and the role of the Ferghana Valley in it are studied
This article describes the internal and foreign policy of Afghanistan in the second half of the XIX century, the difficult socio-political situation of the country after the First Anglo-Afghan War, the political relations between England and Afghanistan and various negotiations between them, the attempts of Dust Mohammed, who returned to power, to pursue a policy of unification of the country, his desire from the very beginning to begin all political actions to transform Afghanistan into a centralized state, the restructuring of power and its reform., highlights the fact, that the consequences of several years of fierce war led to numerous human casualties and seriously undermined the economic life of the country, Sher Alikhan, who came to power after Dust Mohammed, he tried to establish peace and
tranquility inside the country, that he carried out extensive reforms inside the country.
The following issues are analyzed in this scientific article:the significance and historical role of establishing diplomatic relations between the Republic of Uz-bekistan and Japan. The huge role of ratification of the strategic partnership agreement between two countries is also shown. The peculiar specifics of the political system of Japan, including the nature, structure and basic functions of the parliament and the procedure for holding parliamentary elections, the place and role of the emperor’s institution in the political system, as well as the cabinet of ministers, are examined. The article considers the basis of the principle of forming the Cabinet of ministers, its role in the process of reforming the political system of society, the features of the political system, in particular the formation of a multi-party system, the reasons for success as a dominant party - the Liberal Democratic Party of the country, the role of the LDP in the process of modernization of the Japanese political system, the role of the Cabinet of ministersin the political system of society, the activities of the Japanese government led by Sh.Abe in the process of updating political system, the government’s program for the development of the country's economy, as well as the specifics of the practical implementation of this program, the activities of the parliament and the cabinet to amend the Constitution of the country, in particular, on articles 1, 4, 7, 9, 41 of the Constitution. Particular attention is paid to the processes of amending Article 9 of the Constitution, which deals with the issue of legal updating of the status of the Japanese armed forces, and on the basis of these changes will complete the "idea of creating" a normal Japanese army. The cabinet’s aspirations to expand the powers of the government by improving the legal norms of the Constitution, in particular by adding a special chapter 9 to the main law, are also considered.