Subjects of research: words, word combinations and phraseological units expressing functional-semantic field of affection (FSFA) in the English and Uzbek languages.
Purpose of work: to analyze semantic, lingua-cognitive, sociolinguistic, lingua-cultural and gender peculiarities of linguistic means expressing FSFA in the English and Uzbek languages and to reveal their similarities and differences in the English and Uzbek languages.
Methods of research: the method of componcntial analysis, the method of pragmatic analysis, the comparative-typological method, statistical method and experimental method.
The results obtained and their novelty arc determined in the following eases: FSFA in the English and Uzbek Languages is investigated in monographic way; the term affection and its attitude towards the other linguistic terms is determined: semantic component of affection is determined in the English and Uzbek languages; affection is revealed in phonetic, morphological, lexical, syntactical language levels and stylistic and phraseological means; the significance of the intensive means of affection are defined; FSFA is classified according to sociolinguistic peculiarities in the English and Uzbek languages; affection is analyzed according to the addressee it is referred to; etymological features of affection arc revealed; the gender peculiarities of FSFA are discovered; national and cultural sememe of affection is determined, national and cultural peculiarities of FSFA arc analyzed, its general and national peculiarities arc revealed.
Practical value: the results of investigation can be used in delivering the course of Lexicology, Stylistics, Linguaculturology, the Theory of translation and as well as in writing the graduation-qualification papers of master course students, and in compiling explanatory and translation dictionaries.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: the results of the investigation have been implemented into the practice at the courses of the Practical Translation, Stylistics, Linguaculturology for the students of the translation theory and practice department of the translation faculty in the Uzbek State World Languages University.
Field of application: General Linguistics, Comparative Typology of English and Uzbek, the Theory and Practice of Translation, Cultural Studies, Stylistics, Phonetics, Grammar.
Маълумки илмий техника тараққиёти ҳуқуқий майдонга жиддий таъсир кўрсатмоқда. Ҳуқуқий майдоннинг янги кўринишлари, шу жумладан, виртуал ҳуқуқий майдон вужудга келмоқда. Виртуал ҳуқуқий майдон ҳам, моддий ҳуқуқий майдон каби фуқаролик ҳуқуқий муносабат иштирокчиларини ўз ҳуқуқларини амалга ошириш, ўз зиммаларига мажбурият олиш, қонуний ҳуқуқ ва манфаатларини муҳофаза қилишни таъминлаши шарт.
Ушбу мақолада лексик-семантик майдон оламнинг лисоний ва бадиий манзарасининг бир қисми эканлиги борасида фикр юритилади.
Мазкур мақолада инглиз ва ўзбек тилларида миқдор феъл бирликларининг таркибий ва семантик хусусиятлари, уларнинг итератив маъноларига бағишланган. Миқдор феъл бирликларининг лексемасида мавжуд бўлган маълум вақт жараёнида ягона субъектнинг бир хил, тўхтовсиз, бир-бирига ўхшаш кичик ҳаракатларнинг амалга оширилишини аниқлашга қаратилган. Тадқиқотчи ўз ишида амалий мисоллар таҳлилини келтириб, улар бўйича хулоса қилган
This article examines the role of property tax in the formation of the country's budget, its dynamics and rates in 2000 - 2009 and 2010 - 2021, and also developed proposals to improve the methodology for calculating this type of tax
The world is dominated by ideas. Only when these ideas are formulated as a whole ideology can be seen as a practice. Whatever the ideology may be, it is based on the practicality of the ideology, and it is opposed to other ideologies. Where there is an ideological vacuum, it is possible to create a new ideology or to bring another ideology from outside. But it is impossible to create a new ideology that is not compatible with one ideology. It means that there has been a split between social groups and political ideologies that create divisive ideologies. In the "status quo" of international politics, the geopolitical factor appears primarily as a threat to ideological security, and the threats cover the political, economic, military, environmental, cultural and information spheres of public life. Polygons of ideology have been formed and strengthened in society, and today they are showing that "ideological polygons are more powerful than nuclear polygons". Centers of geoideological power are the centers of geopolitical power that have been created for a particular purpose between political institutions and social groups in society. The center of geopolitical power may be a single state, an association of states or groups, political groups with the same level of political commitment. In the scientific comparative analysis of the geoideological power center and the center of geopolitical power, the word "power" in the phrase "center of geopolitical power" should not be omitted. This is because the concept of "geopolitical center" is interpreted differently in international relations theory. The notion of a geopolitical center is primarily used for a single state and, first of all, assumes that the state is "not geographically formed, but geographically important for the movement forces". Geoideolical centers of power are global or regional, as are the centers of geopolitical power. However, when geopolitical power centers are classified together with the geographical area by the power and political motives of the state, the centers of geopolitical power are characterized by the range of ideas that they seek. The current article analyzes the issues of evolution of ideological processes as well geoideological threats and the role of power centers in formation of these threats in the contemporary world.
Ўзбекистон Республикасида мустақиллик йилларида миллий ўзликни англаш, қадриятларни ҳаётга қайтариш, собиқ совет тизими даврида асоссиз равишда ўзгартириб юборилган кўплаб қадимий жой номларини тиклаш борасида катта ишлар амалга оширилди. Айниқса, мамлакат пойтахти Тошкент шаҳрида топонимик объектларнинг номларини тартибга солиш борасида мунтазам тадбирлар олиб борилиб, дастлаб шаҳардаги маъмурий бирликлар – туманлар ва даҳалар, кейинги навбатда аҳоли пунктларининг таркибий қисмлари – маҳаллалар, шунингдек, шоҳкўча, кўча, майдон, боғ, хиёбонлар номларига тегишли ўзгартиришлар киритила бошланди.
Today, the attention of all countries of the world and international organizations is directed to the Middle East region. The Middle East is a strategically important region and has enormous energy potential, including a large amount of hydrocarbons. In this regard, we can say that the stability of this region directly affects the stability of the world as a whole. Historically, the Middle East has been a very attractive territory for various reasons. The one who controlled this strategically important zone possessed tremendous power and wealth. Despite the declining role of the region as a crossroads between different continents in connection with the development of the global system of transport communications, the strategic importance of the Middle East in recent decades has not only not decreased, but, on the contrary, has grown significantly. Also, the energy factor remains the main reason for the increased attention to the region. As you know, the technologies of modern civilization are almost completely dependent on the extraction of organic energy. Therefore, the distribution of resources has gradually turned into one of the most important elements in building the current system of international relations. The desire to establish control over them is the cause of numerous conflicts in the region.
The aim of the research consists in development of offers and recommendations about further improvement of criminal-legal and criminological measures of fight against crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The object of the research work is the system of the public relations regulating criminal-legal, criminological and organizational measures for counteraction to crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the expediency of establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy at compliance with the law about protection of private life, ensuring protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of legal gaps is proved;
need of establishment of responsibility for infringement of personal privacy in article 1411 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan when ensuring criminal legal protection of personal privacy and inevitability of responsibility is proved;
for ensuring the principles of justice and humanity in the criminal legislation the expediency of awarding punishment in the form of restriction of freedom on the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies is proved;
high degree of public danger of some crimes (illegal activities for attraction of money and (or) other property (article 1881 of CK), production, storage, distribution or demonstration of the materials containing threat of public safety and to public order (article 2441 of CK)) committed with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is explained;
establishment of responsibility for bringing to suicide and inducement to suicide with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is proved;
need of introduction of responsibility of the blogger for placement of public negative information of a certain look for the Internet is proved;
inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract, need of nondisclosure of the specified data are proved;
establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts is offered;
expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state are specified;
need of recognition of the actions exerting negative impact to life, health and morality of the personality, made with use of means of information technologies as socially dangerous act is offered.
Implementation of research results. The results of the study are used:
the proposal on establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 461 of the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the administrative liability entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). This change provides compliance with the law about personal privacy, protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of a legal gap in the legislation;
the proposal on establishment of criminal liability for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 1411 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). Establishment of criminal liability for commission of the act breaking personal privacy provides criminal legal protection of private life of the person and inevitability of responsibility;
offers on expediency of awarding punishments in the form of restriction of freedom concerning the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies, have found the reflection in articles 2781-2786 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 10, 2015 No. ZRU-389 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer serves purpose of alternative punishment for crimes in the sphere of information technologies;
high degree of public danger of commission of some types of crimes with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet has found reflection in article 1881, the «g» point of third part of article 2441 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 25, 2016 No. ZRU-405 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). According to this offer criminal liability for use of information technologies in criminal intents has been established;
responsibility for bringing to suicide, the inducement to suicide made with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet have been established in article 103 and 1031 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 13, 2017 No. ZRU-436 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer has served establishment of criminal liability for the information attacks encroaching on human life;
regulations on responsibility of the blogger for dissemination of public negative information of some look on the Internet are introduced in articles 3 and 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from December 11, 2003 No. 560-II «About informatization» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves prevention of various crimes committed with use of the Internet;
offers on inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract need of nondisclosure of the specified data have found the reflection in article 18 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 22, 2018 No. ZRU-385 «About electronic commerce» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer became a basis for the ban illegal use of personal data from participants of electronic commerce;
offers on establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts are introduced in article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 8, 2017 No. ZRU-444 «About protection of children from information doing harm to their health» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer has served recognition of dissemination of information among children of information doing harm to their health as illegal behavior;
offers on improvement of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety have been used by preparation of analytical notes within the Concept of improvement of the criminal and criminal procedure legislation approved by the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 14, 2018 No. PP-3723 (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves a proving of inevitability of responsibility for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served increase in efficiency of prevention of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on need of definition of external influence, level of competence and practical skills of employees, motives of offense when studying the reasons of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security and also conducting monitoring of social networks have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served definition of the reasons and early warning of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers that the information security is object of criminal legal protection taking into account its direct connection with the state interests have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served protection of information security as object of criminal legal protection;
offers on need of implementation of complex measures from law enforcement agencies for ensuring information security at information security have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has provided orientation of activity of law enforcement agencies on information security;
offer that threats of information security exert essential harm to the interests of the personality, society and state information have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03- 07-02/124). This offer has allowed to estimate high degree of public danger of information threats as a factor of commission of information crimes;
the rule about protection of the personality against illegal information influence taking into account that impact on consciousness of the personality with use of means of information technologies exerts negative impact on life, health and morality of the personality, has found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served recognition of the specified actions as socially dangerous act.
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 260 pages.
The article discusses the issues of assessing the effectiveness of technologies used in the cultivation of sweet cherries in greenhouses, as well as the issues of export and cultivation of
sweet cherries in Uzbekistan. The effectiveness of the introduction of innovative technologies in the cultivation of sweet cherry was calculated using performance indicators. The article gives recommendations and suggestions for the protection of intensive cherry orchards grown in the information and consulting center of the Tashkent State Agrarian University.
Subject of the research: English, Uzbek and Russian anthroponyms.
Purpose of work: establishing allomorphism and isomorphism of anthroponyms in English, Uzbek and Russian as the result of studying their functional features
Methods of research: comparative- typological method, distributive method and contextual analyses.
1'hc results achieved and their novelty: 1) for the first time proper nouns in three languages in the aspect of nominative functions of nouns and social field have been investigated; 2) specific category of determinativeness in three compared languages have been determined; 3) correlative relations between nominative functions of the anthroponyms in the family and the administrative social field have been defined; 4) isomorphism and allomorphism in anthroponomic formulas and signals of anthroponyms in English, Uzbek and Russian have been established.
Practical value: the results of the investigation can be used in giving general and special courses in English, Uzbek and Russian Lexicology, Comparative-typological Linguistics, Sociolinguistics and Theory of Nomination as well as in Practice of translation, especially literary texts.
Degree of embed: Materials and achieved results of the investigation have been implied in the practice of teaching of the following courses: English Lexicology, Teaching practical English, Theory and practice of Translation, General Linguistics and Comparative -typological linguistics at the Faculty of Foreign Philology of the National University of Uzbekistan.
Field of application: General and Comparative Linguistics, Theory of nominalization, Applied linguistics, Teaching languages.
It is known from history that the Persian language is derived from the ancient languages, which did not retain its linguistic peculiarities. Temporary and historical circumstances have shown the rise of the lexicon of other languages under the influence of Persian words, as well as the Arabic language. The lexicon of the Uzbek language does not apply to exclusion. The ancient Persian-Tajik language was used in parallel with the languages of the Maverannahr region, in parts, in Uzbek. As a result, many words from the Persian and Arabic languages are used in the lexical composition of the Uzbek language, that is, they are used as common words. On the other hand, not all commonly used words are used for meaning and meaning. In the Uzbek language there is such an ancient Arabic word, that their semantic border has another meaning in the Persian language, and in the Uzbek language - a complete other meaning. Interestingly, what this word-term, used in both languages, refers to the word actively spoken in both languages. In addition, the methods of education of one-word words in comparative languages must correspond to the international standard. In the result, such a conclusion becomes the exact etymological basis and the basic meaning of the productive common words Persian and Uzbek languages. For example, in the Uzbek language, such words exist, such as' muhtoriяtʼ, 'maimurяtʼ,' maimurʼ, 'muқobilʼ,' каakam ',' tasrifʼ, 'insonparvarlikʼ,' dorulfunusʼ, х дастурʼ, 'инқиботʼ и многие სხვაе, basically which is related to Arabic borrowing, but does not fully reflect their meaning from the Arabic language. To give common words являются общеупоребительными словами, которые на сегодняшний день были предложены всесто русско-международного слова-термина The semantic and functional study of such a word serves the development of lexicology of the Uzbek language. The reason why, in 1989, when the Uzbek language was given the status of "state language", a task was set to pursue its prestige. Accordingly, the whole article я яvlяet я conducted the structural-semantic analysis of the Persian common-use words-terms, used daily in the Uzbek language.
The soils of the researched area are of varying degrees of salinity, and according to the percentage of dry residue, chlorine sulfate ions, the soil layers alternate with non saline, weak, moderate and sometimes strong salinity, as well as irrigated land areas, using the special hectare measurement function of the GAT software account is given.