Трансплантация гемопоэтических стволовых клеток (ТГСК) при проведении программного лечения детей с онкологическими заболеваниями стала единственным зарекомендовавшим себя методом терапии. В случаях солидных опухолей высокодозная химиотерапия с последующим аутоТГСК периферической крови (аутоТПСК) все чаще становятся безальтернативным методом выбора лечения. Основные факторы, влияющие на заболеваемость и смертность у этих пациентов до и в течение первого года после аутоТПСК являются инфекционные осложнения. В связи с этим, изучение восстановления иммунной системы после аутоТПСК имеет большое значение. Большая часть работ в этой области сосредоточена на функции В - и Т-лимфоцитов после аутоТПСК, в то время как функциональный анализ клеток, принадлежащих к врожденному иммунитету, например, моноцитов, NK клеток, несколько игнорировался, более того в развитии инфекционных осложнений участвуют и другие популяции клеток. К примеру, до сих пор мало что известно о дисфункции моноцитов, NK клеток и о влиянии аутоТПСК на измененную функцию этих клеток. Восстановление клеточного звена иммунной системы после аутоТПСК представляется важным фактором, влияющим на дальнейшее состояние пациента, его способность отвечать на действие внешних инфекционных агентов.
The age is common risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). One of the main risk factors for ageing is biologic age of vessels or vessel ageing. Main mechanisms of vessel ageing are oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, endothelial disfunction, apoptosis of endothelial cells, demage of endothelial EPCs progenitory cells functions, replication ageing of endothelial cells, disregulation of circadian system, arterial stiffness. Understanding of the mechanisms that lead to ageing pathophyziological changes in vessels is important and necessary of for novel methods of patogenetic treatment
Multipotent mesenchymal stromal cell transplantation (MMSC) is a relatively new type of treatment, as a result of which neurogenesis is enhanced - the process of formation, growth and development of new nerve cells, improves blood supply and trophic brain cells, has a neuroprotective effect. Indications for the use of this treatment technology are all forms of cerebral palsy.
Тучные клетки или лаброциты, впервые описанные Ehrlich в 1877, в последние годы стали объектом детальных исследований учеными медиками разных специальностей. Оказалось, что среди клеток соединительной ткани тучные клетки отличаются способностью вырабатывать, хранить и выделять биологически высокоактивные вещества: гепарин, серотонин, гистамин, дофамин и др. Установлено, что тучные клетки играют важную роль в регуляции гомеостаза, микроциркуляции, воспалительных процессах, реакциях иммунитета и аллергии. Существует тесная двусторонняя функциональная связь между тучными клетками и другими клетками крови (эозинофилами, базофилами, нейтрофилами), а также с остальными клетками соединительной ткани. Тучные клетки найдены у всех млекопитающих, но существуют большие видовые различия в содержании их количества. Они локализованы во всех органах и системах, однако их больше всего там, где имеется рыхлая соединительная ткань (UR.Gordon et all, 1990). Несмотря на обилие литературы, посвященной различным аспектам морфологии, функции, биохимии тучных клеток, многие вопросы остаются малоизученными и нерешенными. В этом отношении роль тучных клеток при аллергии не является исключением. Более 30 лет тому назад (1968) проф. М.М. Хакбердиевым с соавт. было установлено, что тучные клетки брыжейки половозрелых морских свинок и собак активно реагируют при сенсибилизации и общем анафилактическом и гистаминовом шоке.
The aim of the research work is determination of the prospects for the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery on the basis of experimental and morphological studies.
Research objectives were white outbred rats in the amount of 62 individuals, in two experimental studies on the abdominal and pleural cavities, in each series of experiments the studies were carried out in 2 comparative groups, control and main. Experiments on the formation of adhesions in the abdominal and pleural cavities were carried out on the basis of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after acad. V.Vakhidov in the Department of Experimental Surgery for the period from 2019 to 2020.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the followings: it is proved according to the data of experimental research that when modeling the adhesion process in the abdominal cavity, the local application of an anti-adhesion coating made of cellulose derivatives reduces the processes of adhesiogenesis and the development of changes in architectonics, bends and narrowings of the intestinal lumen; it was found in an experimental study that when modeling the adhesion process in the chest cavity, the local use of an anti-adhesion implant provides a significant decrease in the risk of adhesiogenesis in the form of the formation of coarse adhesions or planar adhesions; it was determined that when blood serum was applied over a powder implant, the quality of adhesion and the uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the experimental defect of the peritoneum or lung did not change, but, in contrast to activation by blood (to ensure a hemostatic effect), it was not accompanied by the development of cellular inflammation due to the resorption of thrombotic masses; it was found that the formation of a gel film over the area of damage to the peritoneum in the absence of cellular elements of blood makes it possible to achieve biodegradation of the coating without a pronounced cellular-inflammatory reaction, providing cicatricial replacement of defects with a significant reduction in the risk of developing a massive adhesive process; the morphostructural features of the formation of the adhesive process when using an anti-adhesive coating, characterized by regression in the dynamics of the number of connective tissue cells of the inflammatory infiltrate with scarring of the defect zone without the development of adhesive conglomerates with the surrounding tissues, have been determined.
Introduction of the research results. According to the results of a scientific study on a comparative analysis of the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery: methodological recommendations were developed: "New technologies for the prevention of adhesions in thoraco-abdominal surgery" (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). The proposed recommendations for performing surgical interventions on the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities will allow for sparing local hemostasis, as well as prevent the formation of a coarse adhesive process in the abdominal cavity.
The obtained scientific results on a comparative analysis of the use of the domestic remedy for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery have been introduced into the practical activities of health care, including in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V.I. Academician V. Vakhidov, surgical departments of the clinics of the Andijan and Samarkand State Medical Institutes (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). Based on the proposed results of experimental studies, it was shown that the use of an anti-adhesive coating made of cellulose derivatives made it possible to reduce the risk of adhesion formation from 60% to 20%, bowel deformation without manifestations of obstruction from 33.3% to 13.3% and the possibility of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction from 6.7% to 0%.
Structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations and a list of cited literature. The volume of work is 113 pages.
The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of genetic factors in the development of chronic nephritic syndrome in children and to clarify the features of the clinical course
The оbject of research were 129 children aged 4-15 years who were treated for chronic nephritis in the nephrology department of the Samarkand Regional Multidisciplinary Paediatric Medical Centre.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows:it has been established that the severity of chronic nephritic syndrome in children is associated with clinical manifestations (gradual development, dyspepsia, abdominal pain) and an increase in the amount of Cystatin C in the blood;for the first time, it was revealed that the development of sclerotic lesions due to increased proliferation in patients with the presence of the MMP-9 (A-8202G) rs 11697325 genotypes in chronic nephritic syndrome leads to a worsening of the clinical course of the disease; established early diagnostic marker MMP-9 (A-8202G) rs 11697325 and its tissue inhibitor TIMP-2 (C536T) rs 11551797 in chronic nephritic syndrome in children in the diagnosis of the disease; for the first time, the prognostic value of the alleles of the MMP-9 (A-8202G) rs 11697325 genes and the homozygous G/G genotype in determining the risk of developing the disease in children with chronic nephritic syndrome has been proven.
Implementation of the research results. Based on scientific results of evaluation of the role of polymorphic genes of matrix metalloproteinase and its tissue inhibitors in chronic nephritic syndrome in children: methodological recommendation “The role of polymorphic genes of matrix metalloproteinase and its genetic inhibitors in the development of chronic nephritic syndrome in children” was developed and approved (reference of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8n-r / 554 of 30.02.2022).
This methodological recommendation made it possible to predict the development of chronic nephritic syndrome in children and improve preventive measures; approved and developed on the basis of scientific results of research on early diagnosis and prognosis of chronic nephritic syndrome “Dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in nephritic syndrome in children”, (reference of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8n-r / 555 of 30.02.2022).
This methodological recommendation made it possible to optimize the diagnosis and treatment tactics for various forms of nephritic syndrome in children;
The results obtained were implemented in the practice of health care, in particular, in the Republican Children's National Medical Center, in the 1st clinic of the Samarkand State Medical University, in the Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center (conclusion No. 8 n-r/324 of 21.06.2022 of the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan).
The application of the obtained results to practice has made it possible to reduce the frequency of recurrence of the disease in children, prevent complications of the disease, improve the quality of life of patients, diagnose and prevent the disease.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, 4 chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations. The volume of the dissertation is 120 pages.
Сейчас в СМИ активно идут дебаты, привели ли инъекции эмбриональных стволовых клеток к заболеванию раком и последующей преждевременной смерти многих известных людей. Появилась страшная статистика: те, кто применял инъекции стволовых клеток, сначала реально молодели, а потом очень быстро “сгорали” от рака.
Иммунную систему организма наиболее полно можно охарактеризовать как систему, контролирующую качественное постоянство генетически предетерминированного клеточного и гуморального состава организма. Иммунная система
обеспечивает защиту организма от внедрения чужеродных клеток и от возникших в организме модифицированных (злокачественных) клеток; обеспечивает уничтожение старых, дефектных, поврежденных собственных клеток, а также
клеточных элементов, нехарактерных для данной фазы развития организма; нейтрализацию с последующей элиминацией (выведением) всех генетически чужеродных для данного организма высокомолекулярных веществ биологической природы
The purpose of the study was to determine and evaluate the features of morphological changes in the liver parenchyma of 5-month-old white outbred rats under the influence of anti inflammatory drugs under conditions of polypharmacy.
The object of study for experimental studies was taken 250 white male rats weighing 200-250 g.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs negatively affects all parameters of liver structures. Under the influence of polypharmacy, there is a decrease in the absolute mass of the liver, volume and morphological parameters of the liver parenchyma. The decrease in morphometric parameters depends on the number of drugs in polypharmacy; under conditions of polypharmacy, the state of the hepatic capillaries and internal bile ducts, as well as biological membranes, was studied, as a result of which the structural structure of the liver, the development of destruction of the hepatic tissue were studied, and the morphofunctional foundations of this condition were shown.
Implementation of the research results. Based on the obtained scientific results, the morphofunctional characteristics of the liver of rats in the norm and under the influence of polypharmacy were determined:
Approved methodological recommendations: "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Conclusion No. 8n-r / 265 dated 14.03.2022 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Uzbekistan, Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022), electronic program No. DGU 1038 "Program for studying the comparative characteristics of morphological changes caused by polypharmacy in the liver."
The scientific results obtained in the study of morphological and functional properties and morphometric changes in the structure of the liver under the influence of polypharmacy have been introduced into the practice of the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Oncological and Radiological Scientific and Practical Medical Center of the Samarkand City Medical Association (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 2022, 8n-r / 265-No. and conclusion No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022). The implementation of the obtained research data allows developing methods for early diagnosis, treatment and prediction of organopathology by morphological parameters, improving the quality of life and reducing the number of complications.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The structure of the dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The volume of the dissertation was 103 pages.
Тучные клетки отличаются мультифункциональностью, то есть выполняют важные функции, существенно влияющие на формирование регуляции гомеостаза, микроциркуляции, фибриллогенеза и др. Изучение возрастных особенностей реактивности тучных клеток имеет большое теоретическое и прикладное значение.
В последние десятилетия в качестве биомаркеров сепсиса было предложено более 200 соединений, в том числе маркеры острой воспалительной реакции – СРБ и провоспалительные цитокины, маркеры врожденного иммунного ответа, а также предшественники гормонов –прокальцитонин. При сравнении диагностической значимости ПКТ и СРБ пришли к заключению, что большая надежность в диагностике сепсиса все же принадлежит ПКТ-тесту. Обсуждается диагностическая значимость пресепсина, субстанции Р, лактата, тканевого фактора (TF) как ранних предикторов сепсиса. Однако, ввиду сложности патогенеза сепсиса и его гетерогенности, маловероятно, что единственный подходящий биомаркер будет когда-то найден [25]. Из-за схожести формирования ответа на рецепторы ассоциированных клеток ни один маркер не сможет со 100% специфичностью и чувствительностью отличить неспецифическое повреждение клеток от инфекционного процесса.
In connection with the increase in the incidence of respiratory organs, interest has revived in the study of fundamental issues related to the diversity of lung cells. The aim of the study was to determine the features of the structural organization of the APUD-systcm of human lungs at different stages of embryonic development, as well as in inflammatory and tumor processes in them. The lungs of human fetuses and newborns, as well as children who died from respiratory diseases and in cancer patients were studied by histological methods. After fixation in Bouin's fluid, paraffin sections were stained using general histological methods: hematoxylin and cosin, according to the Van Gicson and Weigert method. To identify argyrophilic neuroendocrine cells, the sections were impregnated with silver nitrate according to the Grimclius method. Neuroendocrine cells (apudocytes) of the lungs arc determined at the tubular and alveolar stages of organ histogenesis. Branching of the bronchial tree is predetermined by closed apudocytes and neuroepithelial bodies. After birth, their number decreases. With maladaptive remodeling of the lungs caused by inflammation and especially by the tumor process, proliferation of apudocytes of a predominantly closed type occurs, and neuroepithelial bodies are also formed.
Совместная и последовательная активация онкогенов выявлена во многих опухолях человека разных гистогенеза и локализации.
Программированная гибель клеток привлекает к себе внимание многочисленных исследователей уже более тридцати лет. Она играет важную роль в морфогенетических процессах и в регуляции численности клеток на протяжении всего онтогенетического развития многоклеточного организма.