The aim of the research consists in development of offers and recommendations about further improvement of criminal-legal and criminological measures of fight against crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The object of the research work is the system of the public relations regulating criminal-legal, criminological and organizational measures for counteraction to crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the expediency of establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy at compliance with the law about protection of private life, ensuring protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of legal gaps is proved;
need of establishment of responsibility for infringement of personal privacy in article 1411 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan when ensuring criminal legal protection of personal privacy and inevitability of responsibility is proved;
for ensuring the principles of justice and humanity in the criminal legislation the expediency of awarding punishment in the form of restriction of freedom on the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies is proved;
high degree of public danger of some crimes (illegal activities for attraction of money and (or) other property (article 1881 of CK), production, storage, distribution or demonstration of the materials containing threat of public safety and to public order (article 2441 of CK)) committed with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is explained;
establishment of responsibility for bringing to suicide and inducement to suicide with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is proved;
need of introduction of responsibility of the blogger for placement of public negative information of a certain look for the Internet is proved;
inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract, need of nondisclosure of the specified data are proved;
establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts is offered;
expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state are specified;
need of recognition of the actions exerting negative impact to life, health and morality of the personality, made with use of means of information technologies as socially dangerous act is offered.
Implementation of research results. The results of the study are used:
the proposal on establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 461 of the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the administrative liability entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). This change provides compliance with the law about personal privacy, protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of a legal gap in the legislation;
the proposal on establishment of criminal liability for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 1411 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). Establishment of criminal liability for commission of the act breaking personal privacy provides criminal legal protection of private life of the person and inevitability of responsibility;
offers on expediency of awarding punishments in the form of restriction of freedom concerning the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies, have found the reflection in articles 2781-2786 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 10, 2015 No. ZRU-389 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer serves purpose of alternative punishment for crimes in the sphere of information technologies;
high degree of public danger of commission of some types of crimes with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet has found reflection in article 1881, the «g» point of third part of article 2441 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 25, 2016 No. ZRU-405 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). According to this offer criminal liability for use of information technologies in criminal intents has been established;
responsibility for bringing to suicide, the inducement to suicide made with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet have been established in article 103 and 1031 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 13, 2017 No. ZRU-436 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer has served establishment of criminal liability for the information attacks encroaching on human life;
regulations on responsibility of the blogger for dissemination of public negative information of some look on the Internet are introduced in articles 3 and 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from December 11, 2003 No. 560-II «About informatization» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves prevention of various crimes committed with use of the Internet;
offers on inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract need of nondisclosure of the specified data have found the reflection in article 18 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 22, 2018 No. ZRU-385 «About electronic commerce» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer became a basis for the ban illegal use of personal data from participants of electronic commerce;
offers on establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts are introduced in article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 8, 2017 No. ZRU-444 «About protection of children from information doing harm to their health» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer has served recognition of dissemination of information among children of information doing harm to their health as illegal behavior;
offers on improvement of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety have been used by preparation of analytical notes within the Concept of improvement of the criminal and criminal procedure legislation approved by the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 14, 2018 No. PP-3723 (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves a proving of inevitability of responsibility for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served increase in efficiency of prevention of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on need of definition of external influence, level of competence and practical skills of employees, motives of offense when studying the reasons of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security and also conducting monitoring of social networks have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served definition of the reasons and early warning of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers that the information security is object of criminal legal protection taking into account its direct connection with the state interests have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served protection of information security as object of criminal legal protection;
offers on need of implementation of complex measures from law enforcement agencies for ensuring information security at information security have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has provided orientation of activity of law enforcement agencies on information security;
offer that threats of information security exert essential harm to the interests of the personality, society and state information have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03- 07-02/124). This offer has allowed to estimate high degree of public danger of information threats as a factor of commission of information crimes;
the rule about protection of the personality against illegal information influence taking into account that impact on consciousness of the personality with use of means of information technologies exerts negative impact on life, health and morality of the personality, has found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served recognition of the specified actions as socially dangerous act.
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 260 pages.
Police professional doctrine is a critical factor in shaping the conduct and performance of law enforcement agencies. This study provides a historical overview of the establishment and development of police professional doctrine in Sudan, a country that has faced significant challenges related to law and order, governance, and security. The study employs a qualitative research design that draws on primary and secondary sources. The results indicate that the establishment and development of police professional doctrine in Sudan has been shaped by various factors, including colonial legacy, political instability, civil wars, and external influences. The study identifies three distinct phases in the evolution of police professional doctrine in Sudan: the colonial period, the post-independence period, and the contemporary period. The study concludes that the establishment and development of police professional doctrine in Sudan is a complex and multifaceted process that requires a comprehensive understanding of the historical, social, and political context of the country.
The article analyzes the state and prospects of the institutionalization of diaspora politics and diplomacy in relation to compatriots in foreign countries and Uzbekistan.
Analysis of this problem has shown that in a number of foreign countries (Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Israel, Mexico, Poland, Turkey, Croatia, Serbia, etc., diaspora politics and diplomacy are called upon to play a leading role in strengthening the internal consolidation of foreign communities and the development of their potential in the countries of residence The success of its advancement in the political sphere of the country of residence and the possibility of creating lobbying structures directly depend on the nature and intensity of support of the ethnic community by the mother state.
The most influential diasporas have a close relationship with the ethnic homeland, which, as a rule, is realized through state support of the diaspora from the homeland, as well as through the support of the mother state itself from the ethnic diaspora.
At the present stage, further institutionalization of the diaspora policy of Uzbekistan in relation to compatriots abroad in the following areas is relevant:
Establishment of a specialized agency to support the Uzbek diaspora abroad, the Uzbek Agency for International Development, legal formalization of the strategic priorities of diaspora policy, the establishment of specialized information and cultural centers named after S. A.Navoiy in the structure of the republic's diplomatic missions abroad, establishing constructive cooperation with national-cultural associations of Uzbeks functioning in foreign countries, etc
This article examines the establishment of the first Jadid schools in Turkestan in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The Jadid schools emerged as a reformist response to traditional Islamic education, integrating modern subjects and teaching methods with religious instruction. Despite facing resistance from conservative religious factions, these schools had a transformative impact, improving literacy rates, fostering a sense of national consciousness, and producing a generation of intellectuals and leaders. By analyzing primary and secondary sources, curriculums, and conducting interviews, this study provides a comprehensive overview of the Jadid schools' role in shaping the educational, cultural, and socio-political landscapes of Turkestan.
The establishment of the Supreme Court of Uzbekistan took place during the Soviet era and was the product of a new judicial system. The judicial system changed such a lot during the 1930s and 1934s. Judicial proceedings of the Supreme Court began to move beyond its jurisdiction. This article analyzes the creation and functioning of the Supreme Court in the Uzbek SSR on the basis of primary archival documents. The role, structure and powers of the Supreme Court are also considered.
In the article the author considers the psychological basis of interrogation as one of the important aspects of the investigative action of interrogation. And also about the establishment of psychological contact with the interrogated to obtain more detailed information. In practice, if between the investigator and the interrogated contact was not established, the achievement of a positive result is not possible. The information field of interaction between the investigator and the questioned without establishing contact significantly reduces the amount of information obtained. In this regard, the establishment of psychological contact affects the quality of the interrogation as a whole.
This article is devoted to the school of mysticism, which is an integral part of Islam in our country, and its peculiarities. In the context of today's scientific achievements, Movarounnahr is not mentioned among the mystical schools of the Islamic world, and there is a tradition of adding it to the Khurasan school. The school of the mysticism of Movarounnahr is famous mainly in the framework of the activities of Abduhaliq Gijduvani, the seven-pir chain, and Bahauddin Naqshband. However, as one of the first beginners in this field, Muhammad Hakim Termizi's factor is very important, and the combination of all of them plays a special role in the establishment of this direction as a school with its own characteristics. However, as one of the first beginners in this field, Muhammad Hakim Termizi's factor is very important, and the combination of all of them plays a special role in the establishment of this direction as a school with its own characteristics. This commonality has a sharp difference from other Islamic schools of the world. These differences and peculiarities require the study of the Movarounnahr's way of suluk as a "school", which still needs to be sufficiently studied in our country and around the world. It can be said that the distinctive features of the Movarounnahr school of Sufism reached its peak in practice through the activities of Abduhaliq Gijduvani and Bahauddin Naqshband after Muhammad Hakim Termizi sufficiently theoretically perfected it. In its time, this school demonstrated movements of reformism throughout the Islamic world that reflected the true purpose of religion. In particular, Gijduvani and Bahauddin Naqshband appears as a person who firstly practices backdoor dhikr and strengthened this practice and strengthened the socialization of mysticism on the basis of personal maturity through factors such as conversation and professional necessity Both men returned to the realm of mysticism the principle that all Muslims should strive for science, and by developing a system of "rashha" for "saliks", defined a high ideological framework, a disciplined practice - a clearly defined scope of action. Most importantly, all of these rules they introduced were based on the theory of the school of “hakimiya” that was recognized as a separate school in Movarounnahr in the X-XI centuries and founded by Muhammad Hakim Termizi. In particular, rashhas, professions, the primacy of science, and many other aspects were the hallmarks of this school.
The article examines national and foreign experience in judicial protection of exclusive rights to intellectual property. The role and specificity of judicial protection, the legal framework regulating this sphere, the effectiveness of national legislation, relevance to the judiciary, judicial statistics in this matter, case law and the experience of foreign countries are analyzed in order to come up with the methods of protection of exclusive rights to intellectual property.
The socio-economic and legal consequences of the settlement of intellectual property disputes are presented as one of the most pressing issues in the work of the courts in the light of the fact that the issue of intellectual property rights is becoming a serious social problem in Uzbekistan and all around the world.
Based on in-depth analysis of the world experience on how the issue of jurisdiction of intellectual property cases is resolved, it is concluded that the establishment of separate courts specializing specifically in intellectual property disputes will result in resolving disputes without delay in a fair and reasonable manner.
The article differentiates between two categories of problems in the consideration of intellectual property issues in court practice. The first type of problems is related to subjective factors, while the second is demonstrated to comprise objective difficulties. Subjective problems comprise of the courts lacking the experience to resolve all disputes involving intellectual property rights. Alternatively, the objective factors are stated to entail the lack of clear legal framework or underdevelopment of single court practice regulating this category of cases.
Therefore, it is concluded that the establishment of specialized courts in Uzbekistan specifically dealing with intellectual property disputes is justified by the development of social relations based on a market economy and the growing importance of intellectual property in the life of the state and society. In this regard, it is argued that the process of formation of a panel of judges in the Supreme Court of the Republic of Uzbekistan should entail a system of retraining and advanced training of judges in the field of intellectual property rights in cooperation with the World Intellectual Property Organisation and the Intellectual Property Agency.
Taking comparative research methods as a basis, it is suggested that the Civil Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Economic Procedural Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Administrative offences should include a chapter devoted to reflection of the specifics of litigation of intellectual property rights, claims, lawsuits, deadlines for appeals and other procedural deadlines, norms that cover all aspects of such disputes differentiating them from other types of cases, as well as, the issue of developing the norms regulating the administrative liability for offences in the field of intellectual property rights and the criminal liability for illegal use of intellectual property rights is also justified
This article highlights the role of the Amudarya waterway in the trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara. Based on archival materials, the article substantiates the importance of waterways in the economic life of the Emirate of Bukhara and the further development of trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara with Eastern countries through the Amudarya waterway. It also covers the internal trade relations of the Emirate of Bukhara through the Amudarya waterway, the establishment of the Amudarya flotilla, the role of the flotilla and local ships in the transportation of commercial cargo on the banks of the Amudarya. In addition, the article analyzes the transformation of the Bukhara-Afghanistan border into the Russia-Afghanistan border, establishment of the control of the Russian Empire at the crossings and customs points along the Amudarya, the subordination of the trade of the Emirate of Bukhara to the Russian Empire as well as the issues of transit trade routes with Afghanistan, Iran and India in the interests of the great imperialist policy of the Russian ruling circles. The author studied the volume of trade turnover through the customs crossing Pattakesar in the oasis on the basis of historical and archival materials, and tried to reveal the changes in the development of trade relations through a table.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan in 1992, the two countries, based on mutually beneficial cooperation and trust, have been developing friendly relations in various fields every year. In particular, the rise of Korea and Uzbekistan to the level of "Special Strategic Partnership" in 2019 was an important event in relations between the two countries. These achievements have not been achieved overnight, but are the result of the two countries ’trust, cooperation and efforts to support each other over the past 30 years. 2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, diplomatic relations between the two countries have been growing in quantity and quality. Today, the presidents of Korea and Uzbekistan sometimes call each other "Aka-Uka" and sometimes describe each other as "true friends." Korea and Uzbekistan have become true brothers. Accordingly, Korea and Uzbekistan, which are actively developing diplomatic, economic, social, as well as health, cultural and labor exchanges as strategic partners for each other, will be a great synergy if they expand cooperation in the future and meet each other's needs and develop together. effect is expected to occur.
Effective and rational use of farm land areas and
population by supporting business initiatives, especially
support for the employment of the unemployed and socially needy population to encourage the establishment of cooperatives by the state mechanisms were established
Encourage and support the establishment of cooperatives
development of economic sectors, especially agriculture increase the income of the population through the effective use of resources significantly affects the possibility.
This article discusses the opportunities created for today’s entrepreneurs in Zaamin district. The goal is to increase the number of entrepreneurs, and create new jobs. This year, we will continue to create more favorable conditions for the development of entrepreneurship and small business, and will continue to help entrepreneurs to cope with the shortage of working capital during the pandemic. The establishment of Public Councils for Entrepreneurship Support at these receptions has increased the importance of preventing red tape and eliminating bureaucratic barriers in the consideration of applications from entrepreneurs.