In this article, the conceptual and doctrinal foundations of the ideas of non-use of force and ensuring peace in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan are investigated in chronological order. The foreign policy of Uzbekistan is, first of all, a course aimed at ensuring vital tasks, primarily for the state and society. Uzbekistan's foreign policy strategy is primarily aimed at ensuring integration into the world community. The deepening of the country's integration into the world community in the current difficult conditions of international relations is an important task facing the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The conceptual idea of foreign policy and foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the indivisibility of security and joint and partnership actions to ensure it. The problem of national and regional security occupies an important place in Uzbekistan's foreign policy. One of the main tasks in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan was the formation of a system of regional security, which is necessary both for the republics of Central Asia and for the vast geographical area bordering the region. Another advanced idea for Uzbekistan's foreign policy is the postulate that the problems of the Central Asian region should be solved without the intervention of external forces and only by the countries of the region. Given all this, the cornerstone of Uzbekistan's foreign policy remains the non-use of force and the threat of force, and the maintenance and observance of peace. The article examines the changes occurring in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan, their regulatory consolidation, guidelines for the short, medium and long-term perspective, and on the basis of this, a number of scientific conclusions and practical recommendations are given.
The article studies the regional politics of Syria, analyzes the evolution and transformation of the foreign policy of official Damascus. This article examines the political background of the emergence and development of the regional problem, discusses its characteristics, and analyzes the external factors that have influenced and are influencing the evolution of the Middle East problem. It presents assessment results of the Syrian's leadership politics on building relations with the countries of the Middle East. The article also analyzes the circumstances of the armed conflict in Syria. The questions relating to the development of Syria's foreign policy are studied, factors influencing its regional policy are analyzed and Syria’s position on specific areas of the Middle East problem is disclosed. A number of factors influencing the evolution of Syria's foreign policy in the new geopolitical situation in the region is analyzed in this article. Syria's foreign policy activities are considered, taking into account external influences and contacts, the impact of which has affected the political life of the country. The article devotes considerable attention to the analysis of foreign orientalists' studies of Syria’s domestic and foreign policy in general and bilateral relations with SAR individual countries. It is noted that the scientific works of foreign researchers are mainly aimed at the study of domestic policy, the military-political situation in Syria, inter-confessional relations, as well as some aspects of Syria's foreign policy, the specifics of the foreign policy situation as a whole, mechanisms for making foreign policy decisions. It is noted that there is still a need for a comprehensive study of certain aspects of Syria's domestic and foreign policy at the present stage.
The socio-political activity of youth is an indicator of the processes taking place in modern society. Since the young generation is the main mobilization resource of society, which determines the future of the state. This article is devoted to youth policy, international legal documents developed by the UN, the growing relevance of this issue in connection with the deepening of globalization processes and the ensuing dangers and challenges covering all countries, the solutions of which are impossible without the active participation of young people, a question that is always one of the priority tasks of the international community and in particular the UN. The international legal documents regulating the youth sphere are considered, since this issue has been an object of state policy in more than 130 countries of the world since the middle of the 20th century. In the way in which the state organizes its youth policy, two models stand out - European and Anglo-Saxon. The European model is based on the leading role of the state in the field of youth policy. This model also clearly defines priorities, goals, objectives and expected results. The Anglo-Saxon model is characterized by an approach to support exclusively voluntary activity and youth organizations without the systematic participation of government bodies in the implementation of youth policy. The article analyzes the experience of youth policy in Japan and Uzbekistan, notes the similarities and features of approaches to solving problems and problems of this topic. It is noted that the socio-political system of Japan, unlike most developed countries of the world, for decades allows the government of this country to avoid major social upheavals and crises of social institutions. This, in turn, proves the effectiveness of government measures aimed at solving youth problems in Japanese society. Japan’s policy in this area has its own specifics, based on a combination of traditional preventive measures with innovative ones, which allows us to consider about its universality. The article comprehensively surveys the new course taken by Uzbekistan to increase the role of youth in the socio-political life of society. In this regard, emphasis is placed on the comprehensive support of youth initiatives, both from the state and from youth organizations. Based on this, it can be argued that an open dialogue with youth has become a strategic direction at a new stage in the development of Uzbekistan. In this strategy, a key place is given to increasing the social activity of youth, their involvement in the processes of formation of a modern, democratic state.
The article examines the main trends in the political transformation of Syria in the late XX - early XXI century, as well as the domestic and foreign policy of Syria, taking into account the changes in the region. The evolution and transformation of the Syrian society, the originality of political rule are analyzed. The demonstration by Damascus of its position regarding the building of a democratic society in the country is noted. The article analyzes the external factors that have influenced the evolution of the Middle East policy of the SAR. An assessment of the results of the policy of the Syrian leadership regarding building relations with the countries of the Middle East is presented. A number of factors influencing the evolution of Syrian foreign policy in the new geopolitical situation in the region are analyzed. The foreign policy activity of Syria is considered, taking into account external influences and contacts, the impact of which affected the political life of the country. The role of the army in modern Syrian society, the forms of its relationship with the civilian authorities of the state and the ways of influencing the internal and foreign policy of official Damascus are considered. The transformation of Syrian society, the originality of political rule, the centralization of power in the process of developing political decisions are revealed. Disclosed are the initiatives of President B. Assad regarding the liberalization and modernization of the Syrian society. The article also reveals in detail the main events that became catalysts in the chain of political transformation in the Middle East and in the political transition of power in the leading Arab states, in particular, the coming to power in the second half of the 1990s - early 2000s of young Arab leaders.
This article analyzes the importance of applying the protective clauses in complex autonomous act of codification of international private law on the example of the institute of the public policy. The paper studied in detail the positive and negative concept of clause, the legislator's position in the formation of this institution in the legislation of different countries, as well as unlike truly international public policy from domestic public policy.
The President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev in his Address to the Oliy Majlis on December 29, 2020, noted that in the face of today's complex geopolitical processes, the coronavirus pandemic and the global economic crisis, Uzbekistan is actively pursuing an open and pragmatic foreign policy. He noted that as a result of our efforts, the prestige of the country is growing, and priorities for the implementation of foreign policy for 2021 have been outlined. Among the tasks that need to be given special attention in the implementation of the country's foreign policy in 2021, listed by the leader of Uzbekistan, are proposals and initiatives for the development of public diplomacy and cultural diplomacy, which are important areas of foreign policy and diplomacy of Uzbekistan. The idea of creating a Compatriots Fund was formulated by the United Nations General Assembly Resolution on the celebration of July 30 as International Day of Friendship in order to inspire efforts to strengthen friendship and peace between nations, cultures and peoples, and to build bridges between societies respecting cultural diversity July 30 - International Day of Friendship and the holding of the international conference "Central Asia at the crossroads of world civilizations" in cooperation with UNESCO in Khiva in 2021 formed a goal: to increase the prestige and image of Uzbekistan in the world (this historical initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Mirziyoyev Sh.M. nominated at the 75th session of the UN General Assembly).
The article highlights the benefits of Japan's development model among the global community. The standard of living of the population has grown significantly. Building, Japan is currently a leader in the automotive industry, new manufacturing technologies, scientific and technical research and computer, electrical equipment, not only in the region, but throughout the world. Today, Japan had the opportunity to pursue a relatively free policy in US foreign policy outside the influence of the United States. In the 1980s, a period of revival of Japanese foreign policy began. The main reason for the new aspirations was the growth of economic ties with the PRC, the end of the Cold War and the desire of the Japanese leadership to coordinate the political path with economic power. Japan began to participate in UN-led peacekeeping operations, and in October 1992, for the first time in a UN peacekeeping operation, launched its country's engineering battalion in Cambodia and launched several political initiatives to resolve the Cambodian conflict. Three pillars of Japanese foreign policy: a) promoting stability and world peace; b) developing countries; (c) the welfare of every citizen of the world community. Taking advantage of the economic power of Japan and its active participation in the United Nations, it can raise the issue of its membership in the UN Security Council. Another reason Japan aspires to become a member of the UN Security Council is that, if it had the opportunity, to positively consider the issue of its militaristic past.
Today's in the day our country population marriage potential increase, improvement of the consumer market, from the economic point of view of Uzbekistan the world to the community the addition of on the surface important reforms done is increasing. Therefore, the formation of production in the country and development, improvement of fiscal policy, budget deficit in order put like tasks done increase for state it is important to budget income, first of all taxes, in full becomes important. In this regard, tax policy in the financial policy of the state, increasing the importance of taxes plays an important role in solving the tasks facing the financial policy. Government tax policy either stimulates or restricts economic development. After all, as the first President of the Republic of Uzbekistan I.A. Karimov stated - "The main task of the tax policy is to ensure the stable mobilization of budget income on the one hand, and on the other hand - to encourage enterprises to increase the production of products necessary for the republic."
It is intended that this annotated bibliography be used as a stand-alone resource or in tandem with the related literature review about Language Planning and Policy: Factors that Impact on Successful Language Planning and Policy. A variety of literary sources, such as research reports and journal articles, are consulted in the bibliography. In order to give a summary of the main ideas and shared comprehension of the elements that influence successful language planning and policy, especially in relation to the revitalization of Indigenous and minority languages also upkeep. The goal was to find more modern works of literature, created about approaches and materials on language policy and planning (LPP). Although the literatures were based on the review’s body of work was expanded to include foundational works that addressed the major.
The article discusses the scientific and theoretical foundations of the formation of fiscal policy. Elements of the budget policy were identified and evaluated with regard to its specific features. Showing trends in the implementation of fiscal policy. Based on the results of the study, conclusions are worked out.
The current state of the deposit policy of commercial banks of our country was analyzed in this article. During the analysis the peculiarities of systemic development of factors influencing on the process of deposit policy implementation were investigated. Also the conditions and opportunities of using of information systems and other directions of international best practice for improving the deposit policy of commercial banks were assessed. Based on the total conclusions on the organization of the system of targeted using of instruments for the development of deposit policy of commercial banks, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were developed to increase the level of capitalization and deposit base of commercial banks, to direct the strategy and tactics of deposit activity of commercial banks to strengthen their financial stability and reliability.
The monograph comprehensively examines the use of "soft power" as the most important tool of the foreign policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan at the present stage. The approaches of various political schools to the categories of "power" and "soft power" in foreign policy and international relations are analyzed, the latest approaches to assessing the resources of "soft power" and its conversion into influence are considered, an assessment is made of current trends in international and regional politics, and a classification of instruments is proposed. and mechanisms of "soft power" through the prism of the national interests of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The author's approach to the problems of the genesis of the "soft power" of the Republic of Uzbekistan from the beginning of its independence is outlined. The issues of formation and use of the potential and resources of the “soft power” of the country are analyzed in detail. Particular attention is paid to the dialectical relationship between the strengthening of national identity and the development of "soft power", as well as factors that contribute to and hinder the implementation of this concept in the foreign policy of Uzbekistan. The experience of ten leading states of the world and countries of the Central Asian region on the use of "soft power" in the implementation of foreign policy and foreign economic strategies is analyzed. A conceptual model for the implementation of the "soft power" policy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is presented. The monograph is intended for undergraduates, doctoral students, teachers and researchers, as well as undergraduate students in the direction of "International Relations and Political Science".
The article analyzes the main factors and conditions that influenced the formation of relations between Turkey and Syria in the 1990s, and discusses the reasons for the competition that these countries have created in protecting their interests in the region. The development and implementation of Syria's foreign policy towards Turkey and the attitude of Damascus to large hydropower projects planned by the Turkish government in the region are disclosed. The article shows the negotiations of Syrian officials with the Kurdish Workers' Party and the sharp refusal of the Ankara administration to do so. At the same time, Syria's policy towards strengthening Turkish-Israeli relations and the influence of the Turkish-Israeli military alliance on the intensification of its foreign policy towards the Arab countries were analyzed. Preventive measures to counter the military cooperation agreement signed between Turkey and Israel proved to be an important element of Syria's Middle East foreign policy in the 1990s. The reasons for the political confrontation between Turkey and Syria are discussed in the dynamics of its change in the 1990s, thereby assessing the evolution of the policy of the two countries in the region.
The current state of the deposit policy of commercial banks of our country was analyzed in this article. During the analysis the peculiarities of systemic development of factors influencing on the process of deposit policy implementation were investigated. Also the conditions and opportunities of using of information systems and other directions of international best practice for improving the deposit policy of commercial banks were assessed. Based on the total conclusions on the organization of the system of targeted using of instruments for the development of deposit policy of commercial banks, scientific proposals and practical recommendations were developed to increase the level of capitalization and deposit base of commercial banks, to direct the strategy and tactics of deposit activity of commercial banks to strengthen their financial stability and reliability.
Central Asia is a key region of the Korean administration's vision of building a global hub and building an overseas Korean community. Until now, the South Korean government has laid the foundation for northern diplomacy in Central Asia. It has developed strategies and visions for Central Asia through the Eurasian Initiative policy, Northeast Asia peace policy initiative, and the promotion of the New Northern Policy. As such, Central Asia, such as Uzbekistan, is a key country with high geopolitical and geographical strategic value, and has served as a cooperative base for previous governments to enter the Eurasian market. The fact that research on cooperation between Korea and Central Asia can look at institutional reforms being pursued by Central Asian countries after the transition to the socialist system has many implications. In other words, it is very meaningful in terms of the Korean government's construction of a global central country, the construction of an overseas Korean community, the establishment of a foundation for overseas unification, and the study of a unification model.
Ҳар қайси мамлакатнинг иқтисодий сиёсатида солиқ сиёсати ўта муҳим роль ўйнайди. Солиқ сиёсати давлатнинг бошқа иқтисодий сиёсатининг йўналишларига кучли узвий боғлиқлиги билан бир қаторда, уларга таъсир қилиб боради. Солиқ сиёсатини тўғри ишлаб чиқиш ва унинг стратегик ҳамда тактик йўналишларини белгилаб олиш ўта долзарб ва мураккаб жараён ҳисобланади. Мазкур мақолада солиқ сиёсатининг мазмуни, унинг стратегияси ва тактикаси ҳамда бугунги кунда Ўзбекистон солиқ сиёсатининг устувор йўналишлари таҳлил қилинади.
Hate crimes pose a significant societal challenge, targeting individuals based on their race, ethnicity, religion, sexual orientation, or other protected characteristics. The conventional penal policy approach often relies on punitive measures, such as increased sentences and harsher penalties, to address hate crimes. However, there is growing evidence and discourse suggesting that alternative approaches may be more effective in preventing hate crimes and promoting societal healing. This paper argues for the reconsideration of penal policy concerning hate crimes and advocates for alternative approaches that focus on restorative justice, education, community engagement, and rehabilitation. By exploring these alternative strategies, this study aims to stimulate a broader discussion on penal policy reform and encourage the adoption of more holistic and effective approaches to addressing hate crimes.
The article discusses the issues of improving the theory and methodology of forming the financial policy of an enterprise at the present stage of liberalization and modernization of the economy in the Republic of Uzbekistan. The advantages and features of improving the theory and methodology of forming the financial policy of an enterprise in the perspective of the country's socio-economic development have been scientifically substantiated. The possibilities of improving the theory and methodology of forming the financial policy of an enterprise in the system of corporate financial management of the Republic of Uzbekistan have been studied and recommendations have been developed.
The main direction and indicators of macroeconomic policy for 2022 are based on the possibility of economic recovery after the pandemic period and the possibility of the pandemic continuing around the world. The focus was on maintaining macroeconomic stability, i.e. the growth of gross domestic product in subsequent years, while maintaining its positive dynamics, was projected at the level of 839.9 trillion. soums and an increase of 6.0%.
This article discusses the true essence of the colonial policy of the Russian imperialists in territory of modern Uzbekistan, and reflects on the initial attempts to implement this policy.
The policy of repression was not chosen for nothing in order to achieve the basic goals of the policy of occupation, and it was implemented in several stages and aimed at the destruction of self-sacrificing people who are the pride and pride of our nation. The evidence collected on the “Cotton Case”, the final stage of the policy of repression, which was not completed because of our independence, is thoroughly studied and evaluated from a scientific point of view.
The article examines the views of economists studied tariff policy and tariffs for services and formed the author's independent approach to the concepts of “tariff of bank service” and “bank tariff policy”. Also, the main aspects of the practice of forming tariffs for banking services in commercial banks of foreign countries were studied. As a result of the study, proposals and recommendations were developed on improving the tariff policy of commercial banks.