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MAHMUDXO'JA BEHBUDIY VA UNING TURKISTON JADIDCHILIGIDA TUTGAN
O'RNI
Sadullayev Umidjon Shokir o’g’li
Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti
“Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi o’qituvchisi:
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14666218
Annotatsiya. Mahmudxoʻja – dramaturg, noshir, pedagog, qozi, muftiy, din va jamoat
arbobi. Jadidchilik milliy maʼrifatparvarlik harakatining tarafdori. "Behbudiya kutubxonasi"
hamda „Nashriyoti Behbudiya“ faoliyatini yoʻlgan. „Samarqand“ gazetasi va "Oyna" jurnali
asoschisi.
Kalit so’zlar: jadid, noshir, gazeta, yangi usul, teatr, dramaturgiya.
MAHMUDKHODJA BEHBUDIY AND HIS ROLE IN TURKESTAN JADIDISM
Abstract. Mahmudkhodja is a playwright, publisher, teacher, judge, mufti, religious and
public figure. A supporter of the Jadidism national enlightenment movement. He led the activities
of the "Behbudiya Library" and "Nashriyoti Behbudiya". Founder of the "Samarkand" newspaper
and the "Oyna" magazine.
Keywords: Jadid, publisher, newspaper, new method, theater, dramaturgy.
МАХМУДХОДЖ БЕХБУДИ И ЕГО РОЛЬ В ДЖАДИДИЗМЕ ТУРКЕСТАНА
Аннотация. Махмудходжа — драматург, издатель, просветитель, судья, муфтий,
религиозный и общественный деятель. Джадидизм является сторонником движения
национального просветительства. Он основал «Библиотеку Бехбудия» и «Издательство
Бехбудия». Учредитель газеты «Самарканд» и журнала «Ойна».
Ключевые слова: джадид, издатель, газета, новый метод, театр, драматургия.
Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy - Turkiston jadidchiligining yirik namoyandalaridan biri,
ma'rifatparvar, publitsist, dramaturg va jamoat arbobi.
Mahmudxoʻja Behbudiy 1875-yil 20-yanvarda Samarqand yaqinidagi Siyob volostining
Baxshitepa qishlogʻida imom-xatib Behbudxoʻja Solihxoʻja oʻgʻli xonadonida tugʻilgan. Otasi
Ahmad Yassaviy avlodidan. Otasining buvasi Niyozxoʻjaning asli kelib chiqishi urganchlik boʻlib,
Samarqandga XVIII asr oxirida, amir Shohmurod hukmronlik davrida koʻchib kelgan.
Behbudiy dastlab otasidan Qur’on ilmini oʻrgangan, keyinchalik 6-7 yoshlarida togʻasi
Muhammad Siddiq qoʻlida oʻqib, savod chiqargan. 15 yoshida boshqa bir togʻasi Mulla Odil oʻzi
mudarrislik qilgan madrasada oʻqitib taʼlim bergan.
Behbudiylar oilasi maʼrifatparvar va ziyoli boʻlgan. Ikki singlisi ham oʻqib, tahsil olgan.
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Qur’onni yaxshi bilgan. Katta singlisi Huriniso „qoribegim“ unvoniga ega boʻlgan. 1893-
yilda onasi, 1894-yilda otasi vafot etgan.
Behbudiy 18 yoshida Chashmai ob volostida qozi vazifasida ishlagan togʻasi Muhammad
Siddiq qoʻl ostida mirzalik qilgan. Togʻasi oldida ikki yil ishlagach, mirzalik faoliyatini Kobud
volosti qozisi Mulla Zubayr Yaxshiboy oʻgʻli qoʻlida davom ettiradi. Chunki bu paytda togʻasi
qozilikdan boʻshatilgan. Mirza va qozilik bilan shugʻullanib, soʻng Jomboyda muftiylik darajasiga
koʻtarilgan. Behbudiy Kabut boʻlisida 10 desyatina yerga egalik qilgan. Oʻziga toʻq va badavlat
kishidir.
Behbudiy 1899–1900-yillarda buxorolik doʻsti Hoji Baqo bilan birga Makka va Madinada
haj safariga otlangan. Shu sababli Rossiya, Arabiston, Misr, Turkiyani kezib chiqqan. Safar
jarayonida sayohatning har qanday turi – poyezd, kema, otda va piyoda yurib dunyo kezgan.
Sayohat davomida yangi maktab (usuli jadid) ochish fikri mustahkamlanib bordi. 1914-yili
ikkinchi marta haj safari chogʻida Shom, Quddus, Odessa, Istanbul va boshqa shaharlarni kezgan.
Oʻz sayohati davridagi xotiralarini Samarqandda nashr etilayotgan Oyna jurnalining
tahririyatiga yuborib turgan.
1903–1904-yillarda Moskva, Peterburg, Orenburg, Qozon va Qrimda boʻlgan. Maorif
sohasida Rossiya va tatar arboblari tajribasini oʻrgangan. Ismoil Gaspirinskiy bilan uchrashuvi
keyingi hayotiga taʼsir katta koʻrsatdi.
Uning Turkiston jadidchiligida tutgan o'rni nihoyatda muhim va ko'p qirrali. Quyida uning
jadidchilik harakatidagi asosiy rollarini ko'rib chiqamiz:
1. Jadid maktablarining targ'ibotchisi va tashkilotchisi:
Behbudiy jadidchilikning asosiy g'oyalaridan biri bo'lgan yangi usuldagi maktablarni
tashkil etish va rivojlantirishga katta hissa qo'shgan. Uning fikricha, eski usuldagi maktablar
zamon talablariga javob bermaydi va jamiyat taraqqiyotiga to'siq bo'ladi.
U o'zining Samarqanddagi uyida birinchi jadid maktabini ochadi va keyinchalik bu
maktablar butun Turkiston bo'ylab tarqaladi.
Behbudiy yangi usuldagi o'quv dasturlarini ishlab chiqishda va darsliklar yaratishda faol
ishtirok etadi. Uning asosiy maqsadi bolalarga zamonaviy bilim berish, ularni dunyoviy va diniy
ilmlar bilan qurollantirish edi.
2. "Oyna" gazetasi va publitsistik faoliyat:
Behbudiy 1913-yilda "Samarqand" gazetasining muharriri bo'ladi, keyinroq "Oyna"
jurnaliga asos soladi. "Oyna" jurnalida u o'zining ma'rifatparvarlik g'oyalarini, ijtimoiy-siyosiy
qarashlarini bayon etadi.
Uning maqolalari zamonasining eng dolzarb masalalarini, xususan, jaholat, qoloqlik,
savodsizlik, ayollarning huquqsizligi, diniy mutaassiblik kabi illatlarni tanqid ostiga oladi.
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Behbudiy o'zining publitsistik faoliyati orqali xalqning siyosiy ongi o'sishiga, milliy
o'zlikni anglash tuyg'ularini shakllanishiga katta ta'sir ko'rsatgan.
3. Dramaturgiya va teatr san'ati:
Behbudiy nafaqat ma'rifatparvar, balki iste'dodli dramaturg ham edi. Uning "Padarkush"
("Ota qotili") dramasi jadidchilik dramaturgiyasining yorqin namunasi bo'lib, unda jamiyatdagi
ma'rifatsizlik va jaholat fojialari ochib berilgan.
Behbudiy o'z asarlari orqali xalqni teatr san'ati bilan tanishtiradi, uning ma'naviy va
madaniy yuksalishiga xizmat qiladi. Uning dramalari sahnalashtirilishi orqali xalq o'rtasida
ma'rifiy g'oyalar tarqaladi.
4. Ijtimoiy va siyosiy faoliyat:
Behbudiy Turkistonda ijtimoiy adolat, milliy ozodlik va o'z-o'zini boshqarish uchun
kurashgan jadidlarning yetakchilaridan biri bo'lgan.
U Turkiston milliy ozodlik harakatining faol ishtirokchisi bo'lib, siyosiy va jamoat ishlarida
faol qatnashgan.
Uning ijtimoiy va siyosiy faoliyati jadidlar harakatining shakllanishi va rivojlanishida
muhim rol o'ynagan.
5. Milliy o'zlikni anglash va milliy uyg'onish g'oyalari:
Behbudiy o'z faoliyati davomida milliy o'zlikni anglash, milliy iftixor tuyg'ularini
rivojlantirishga katta ahamiyat bergan.
U xalqni o'z tarixini, madaniyatini o'rganishga, ajdodlar merosini qadrlashga chaqirgan.
Uning g'oyalari Turkistonda milliy uyg'onish harakatining rivojlanishiga va mustaqillik
uchun kurashga asos bo'lgan.
Xulosa:
Mahmudxo'ja Behbudiy Turkiston jadidchiligining yorqin namoyandasi sifatida
ma'rifatparvarlik, milliy o'zlikni anglash, ijtimoiy adolat g'oyalarini targ'ib qilgan. Uning
maktablar tashkil etishi, publitsistik faoliyati, dramatik asarlari va ijtimoiy-siyosiy kurashi
jadidchilik harakatining rivojlanishida muhim rol o'ynagan. Behbudiyning merosi bugungi kunda
ham o'z ahamiyatini yo'qotmagan va u milliy uyg'onish va taraqqiyot yo'lida xizmat qilgan buyuk
shaxslardan biri sifatida e'tirof etiladi.
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