Том 3 № 16 (2024): Theoretical aspects in the formation of pedagogical sciences

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a clonal malignant disease characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis . Most patients with AML have various cytogenetic and molecular genetic lesions that are combined with certain biological and clinical features of the disease .  Approximately 50–60% of patients de new and 80–95% of patients with secondary AML have chromosomal changes. It should be noted that structural cytogenetic aberrations are the most common markers and occur in approximately 40% of AML cases de novo . A fairly large group of patients with a normal karyotype (NC-AML), formally classified as intermediate risk, is extremely heterogeneous in terms of prognosis of the disease course. The current prognostic classifications of AML today include only some mutations characterized by a known prognostic value, in particular t (8 ; 21) , NPM 1 and BRAF.   

boshlang‘ich sinf o‘quvchilari orasida konfliktli vaziyatlar o‘quv jarayonining ajralmas qismi hisoblanadi. Ular ko‘pincha yoshlarining emosional, ijtimoiy va kognitiv rivojlanishi bilan bog‘liq bo‘ladi. Konfliktlarning asosiy sabablari orasida shaxsiy farqlar, resurslar uchun raqobat, va kommunikasiyadagi muammolar mavjud. Ushbu konfliktlarni boshqarish va hal qilish uchun pedagogning yuqori mahorati zarur. Mazkur maqolada yuqorida keltirilgan masalalar yuzadidan aniq dalillar keltirilgan.

Mazkur ishda yuqori malakali karatechilarni tayyorlashda tizimini rivojlantirish bo‘yicha mashg‘ulotlarning vosita va usullari haqida fikr yuritilgan. Karatechilarning yosh doirasida  mashg‘ulot va musoboqa jarayonlarini samarali boshqarish  orqali yuklamalarni qo‘llash bo‘yicha ko‘rsatmalar berib o‘tilgan.

This article examines the issues of training future English language teachers. The importance of pedagogical innovations and the effective results of their use were discussed.

Every year, the number of cases of mammoplasty performed for cosmetic reasons increases.  However, operations on the mammary glands (MG) are often performed not only for aesthetic reasons.  The trend of increasing incidence of breast cancer (BC) in women continues [1–3].  Among the technologies for combined treatment of patients with breast cancer, the surgical method remains fundamental.  Moreover, both radical mastectomy and partial resections of gl.mammae after surgery are invariably accompanied by the formation of breast deformities.  The latter causes a deterioration in the quality of life of women with breast cancer, reducing the possibility of their rapid social adaptation [4].

tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes are both severe chronic diseases. They could begin simultaneously and also aggravate each other. That is why it is very significant to explore the interaction between two diseases. The goal of this study is to investigate the prevalence rate of TB patients combined with pre-diabetes (impaired fasting blood glucose) or diabetes. The data show that the prevalence rate of TB patients suffering from pre-diabetes or diabetes is 12,4 % and 13,3 %, respectively, which are higher than in general population. These results indicate that TB may play an important role in inducing or promoting the development of diabetes. Therefore, further evidence of the connection between TB and diabetes may provide a new strategy of prevention and treatment of both diseases.

This thesis explores the impact of collaborative learning technologies on enhancing group work in virtual environments. As education increasingly moves online, the need for effective digital tools to support collaborative activities has become paramount. This study investigates various collaborative technologies—such as video conferencing platforms, collaborative document editors, project management tools, and virtual whiteboards—and evaluates their effectiveness in fostering teamwork, communication, and problem-solving among learners. Through a mixed-methods approach, including quantitative surveys and qualitative case studies, this research aims to understand the benefits, challenges, and best practices associated with these technologies. The findings highlight how collaborative learning technologies can enhance group work, provide practical recommendations for their implementation, and address the challenges of virtual collaboration.

ushbu maqolada avtomatika va telemexanika qurulmalariga texnik xizmat ko‘rsatish usullari bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.

Мазкур мақолада мамлакатимизда сўнги йилларда одил судловга эришиш жараёнида криминалистик ҳисоблардан фойдаланиш йўналишида амалга оширилган ислоҳотлар, мазкур соҳада мавжуд муаммолар ҳамда истиқболдаги устувор вазифалар ўрганиб таҳлил қилингани ҳолда, соҳани янада такомиллаштиришга қаратилган таклифлар келтириб ўтилган.

The teaching profession is characterized by dynamic challenges and opportunities that influence educators’ career trajectories. This paper explores the goals achievement of teachers by examining the factors that contribute to their professional satisfaction and success. Utilizing qualitative methods, including participant observations and semi-structured interviews, this study engaged 40 teachers across various educational settings. Data analysis was performed using thematic coding to identify the relational dynamics between goal-setting practices, institutional support, and personal motivations. The results indicate that clear goal-setting, continuous professional development, and supportive administrative environments significantly contribute to teachers' success. This study reaffirms that achieving professional goals enhances teacher efficacy and promotes better educational outcomes.

This thesis is written about semantic structure and intonation features of the sentence with given some examples according to this theme and the usage of different key words of famous scientists and writers.

The article examines the energy efficiency of the solar water heating collector. The operation procedure, elements and functions of the solar water heating collector are described. The methodology and expressions for calculating the energy efficiency of the solar water heating collector have been developed.

The rapid advancement of technology and the necessity for flexible learning environments have catalyzed the implementation of blended and online learning frameworks within educational institutions. This paper explores the methods and effectiveness of blended and online learning, analyzing how these models enhance educational experiences, improve access to resources, and facilitate personalized learning. Drawing on research data from various educational settings, we evaluate the successes and challenges associated with these models and propose guidelines for effective implementation. The findings underscore that while blended and online learning can significantly improve student engagement and outcomes when designed thoughtfully, continuous support and professional development for educators remain critical.

Zamonaviy sharoitda Internetning ahamiyatini ortiqcha baholab bo‘lmaydi. Uning afzalliklari, ehtimol, hamma uchun ochiqdir. Shu bilan birga, Internet, insoniyatning ko‘pgina boshqa ixtirolaridan farqli o‘laroq, an’anaviy usullardan foydalangan holda xalqaro-huquqiy tartibga solishni murakkablashtiradigan xususiyatlarga ega. Xususan, tartibga solish usulini belgilashda e’tiborga olinishi kerak bo‘lgan asosiy xususiyatlardan biri bu Internetning ekstraterritorialligidir.

This research paper examines the impact of homework on middle school students’ academic achievement. Despite the prevalent assumption that more homework directly correlates with better academic performance, this study analyzes a variety of factors to understand the nuanced relationship between homework loads and academic outcomes. A mixed-methods approach, including quantitative assessments of grades and qualitative surveys of students and teachers, was employed. The findings reveal that while moderate amounts of homework can support learning, excessive homework can lead to student burnout and diminished academic performance. Recommendations for educators include implementing balanced homework policies that consider students' overall well-being.

This article explores the various methods used to teach English effectively, focusing on both traditional and modern approaches. As English continues to gain importance as a global language, it is critical to develop effective pedagogical techniques that cater to diverse student populations. This article will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of several prominent teaching methods, including Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Task-Based Learning (TBL), the Direct Method, Grammar-Translation, and Blended Learning, and propose a hybrid approach to maximize student learning outcomes.

Ushbu maqolada O'zbekistonda ipoteka kreditlari bozorining holati, muammolari va ularni hal qilish yo'llari ko'rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot doirasida ipoteka kreditlarining hajmi va o'sishi, shuningdek, viloyatlar kesimidagi farqlar tahlil qilinadi. Muammolarni hal qilishda xorijiy tajribadan foydalanish va tizimli yondashuv taklif etiladi.

This article explores the various methods used to teach English effectively, focusing on both traditional and modern approaches. As English continues to gain importance as a global language, it is critical to develop effective pedagogical techniques that cater to diverse student populations. This article will analyze the strengths and weaknesses of several prominent teaching methods, including Communicative Language Teaching (CLT), Task-Based Learning (TBL), the Direct Method, Grammar-Translation, and Blended Learning, and propose a hybrid approach to maximize student learning outcomes.

This abstract explores the concept of semantic cognition, focusing on the method of typology, which involves the classification and grouping of objects based on generalized models. Typology is widely applied across various scientific disciplines, such as biology, chemistry, linguistics, and sociology, to compare and analyze different systems and their structures. The article delves into both empirical and theoretical typologies, their methods of construction, and their significance in understanding systems' organization and evolution. It also discusses the historical development of typology and its application in modern linguistics, particularly in understanding language structures and functions.

Human capital is the main foundation of sustainable development. Education is an important tool for developing human knowledge and skills, raising social awareness, and achieving the goals of sustainable development. In this article, different educational methodologies and their contribution to the goals of sustainable development are studied on the basis of comparative analysis. The importance of educational methodologies in achieving these goals and their use in the modern educational process are discussed.

Ushbu  maqola  Ingliz  va  o’zbek  tillarida  negativlik kategoriyasini  va  ularning  o’xshashlik  va  farqli  tomonlarini  ochib  berishga  bag'ishlangan. Muallif ingliz va o’zbek tillarida qiyosida negativlikni ifodalovchi kategoriyalarni    aniqlaydi  va  unga  yana  bir  qancha  misollar  keltiradi.

The article analyzes the role of seasonal songs in Uzbek and English children's folklore in children's education and their importance in forming an attitude towards nature. In Uzbek and English children's folklore, seasonal songs play an important role in increasing children's respect for the environment and helping their moral development by describing natural phenomena. These songs provide ample opportunities for children to understand nature, inculcate national and religious values, and develop language and speech skills.

This article analyzes the psychological characteristics of general piano teaching in music educational institutions. In the process of piano lessons, students may face psychological conditions such as difficulties, stress and self-doubt. In order to overcome such situations, the article considers the importance of an individual approach, increasing motivation and creating a positive psychological environment in the educational process. Also, the factors and psychological approaches affecting the psychological development of the student's personality in the process of piano teaching are analyzed. The article emphasizes the importance of a psychologically correct approach to the effectiveness of general piano science in the educational process.

Insoniyat paydo bo‘lishi bilan mulk tushunchasi ilk bor qanday- dir buyum degan tasavvur sifatida yuzaga kelgan bo‘lib, hozirda uning mazmun-mohiyati to‘g‘risida turli qarashlar va bilimlar tizimi shakllangan. Zero hozirgi zamonda mulkni mazmunan qandaydir buyumga tenglashtirish - bu mulkning soddalashtirilgan ifodasidir.

This thesis examines the influence of Mukhammad Rakhim Khan II on the formation of the Jadidist movement in Khorezm. In the second half of the 19^th century, Mukhammad Rakhim Khan II, the ruler of the Khanate of Khiva, took an active part not only in state administration, but also in cultural and educational reforms. His attention to science, literature and culture laid the foundation for the emergence and spread of modernist ideas in society. The article analyzes the historical conditions of the development of the Jadidist movement and the policy of Mukhammad Rakhim Khan II in this regard. Historical sources and scientific literature were used during the research.

Obstructive jaundice induces catastrophic homeostatic disturbances that threaten the patient’s life. The material of the study consisted from 42 patients with proximal biliary obstruction tumor treated in the Unit of Endoscopy and Miniinvasive Surgery of the Republican Government Hospital and MSPI Oncologic Institute, gastrology department, in the period between 2010–2018 years. There was carried out percutanattranshepatic decompression (PTHD) in 32 cases (76.2%) The success of the percutanattranshepatic approach in hilar tumors is in the limits of 90%.

Children's music by Russian composers, even after first-class compositions appeared in it, had a hard time making its way in this conservative world.

This thesis analyzes the status, relevance, and importance of scientific researches focused on sustainable development goals (SDGs). BRM is a set of important indicators set by the UN to achieve global sustainability by 2030. Within the framework of the article, directions of research aimed at balanced development of ecological, economic and social factors and their role in solving modern problems are studied. Also, the article examines the possibilities of increasing the efficiency of scientific research in achieving BRM and analyzes the possibilities of their results having a positive impact on society.

This thesis analyzes the evolution of the education system and its role in the development of society. Educational processes are studied in the historical, cultural and social context, and it is shown how education contributes to the development of society, economic growth and preservation of cultural heritage. The thesis highlights changes, innovations and new methodologies in the education system, as well as their impact on social stability and development. The authors show how the educational system changes at each stage of education in connection with social and economic changes and the impact of these changes on society.

Ushbu tezisda Sirdaryo viloloyati o‘rtacha sho‘rlangan tuproq sharoitida parvarishlangan g‘o‘za  (G. hirsutum L) C6524 navining rivojlanish fazalari kesimida xlorofil pigmentlar miqdori dinamikasi natijalari keltirilgan bo‘lib. Olingan natijalar shuni ko‘rsatadiki g‘o‘zaning rivojlanish fazalari ortgan sari xlorofil pigmentlar miqdori xam ortib brogan. Xl “a” ning miqdori (1,6 mg/gr) gullash fazasida eng yuqori natija qayt etilgan bo‘lsa, Xl “b” niki esa (0,54 mg/gr) chin barg chiqarish fazasida, karatinoidlar miqdori (0,6 mg/gr) pishish vaqtida ortganligini natijalar asosida bilishimiz mumkin.

As the tourism industry evolves, the need of effective transportation logistics in improving the overall travel experience grows. With increased worldwide travel, there has never been a greater demand for streamlined and efficient transportation logistics. This essay covers the evolution of transportation logistics in the travel and tourist business, focusing on important breakthroughs, problems, and new trends that have impacted the landscape. Data analytics, artificial intelligence, and real-time tracking systems are examples of technological advancements that are transforming transportation logistics.

Ushbu maqolada iqtisodiy kompetentlik bozor iqtisodiyoti sharoitida muvaffaqiyatga erishishning asosiy omili sifatida ko‘rib chiqiladi. Iqtisodiy bilim va ko‘nikmalarning qaror qabul qilish jarayonida, moliyaviy barqarorlikni ta'minlashda, raqobatbardoshlikni oshirishda va bozor holatini to‘g‘ri tushunishda qanday muhim ahamiyatga ega ekanligi tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, iqtisodiy kompetentlikning yuqori darajasi bozor o‘zgarishlariga tez moslashish va barqaror muvaffaqiyatga erishishda muhim rol o‘ynaydi.

Преждевременная отслойка нормально расположенной плаценты (ПОНРП) является одним из наиболее серьезных осложнений беременности, связанного с высоким риском для матери и плода. Настоящее исследование посвящено анализу исходов родов у женщин с ПОНРП, наблюдаемых в родильном доме №2 города Самарканда за период с 2022 по 2024 годы. В работе рассмотрены основные осложнения, связанные с данным состоянием, такие как ДВС-синдром, необходимость гистерэктомии, неубедительное состояние плода, а также оценена эффективность экстренного кесарева сечения для минимизации рисков. Полученные результаты подчеркивают важность своевременной диагностики и оперативного вмешательства для улучшения перинатальных и материнских исходов.

Maqolada ijtimoiy tarmoqlar, ularning yaratilish tarixi, shaxs ruhiyatiga ta’siri hamda foydalanish qodalari  haqida ma’lumotlar berilgan

This thesis is dedicated to studying the role and importance of thinking development technologies in the educational system. In particular, methods of developing students' creative and critical thinking are analyzed with the help of technological education methods. Modern pedagogical technologies and possibilities of increasing their efficiency are considered. The article shows the influence of methods that help to acquire practical knowledge more deeply through the technologies of thinking development in the educational process.

Кальций (Ca2+) является важной сигнальной молекулой в активации мышц и регуляции сократимости миокарда. В данной статье мы рассмотрим роль кальциевого обмена и кальциевого транспорта в регуляции сократимости миокарда и обсудим последние достижения в данной области исследований, механизмы, отвечающие за взаимодействие кальция с мышечными белками, а также роль кальциевого обмена в контроле концентрации кальция внутри клеток миокарда. Далее, мы рассмотрим работы, исследующие молекулярные механизмы кальциевого транспорта и влияние ионов кальция на функционирование сердца. Наконец, проанализируем последние достижения в разработке новых терапевтических подходов, направленных на воздействие на кальциевый обмен и транспорт для лечения сердечных заболеваний.

In the past decade, research investigating bilingual effects on cognitive and linguistic development has increased significantly. Bilingualism is a field of continuous growth that covers a broad range of mental and linguistic achievements. Through most of the 20th century, bilingualism was assumed to threaten normal language development and impair cognitive achievement.

Linguoculturology is an interdisciplinary field that merges linguistics and cultural studies. It examines how language and culture influence each other, focusing on the ways in which linguistic practices reflect cultural norms, values, and identities.

One of the representatives of young adult literature is Sherman Alexie. He is a writer of short stories, novels, poems that play crucial role in American literature. His works often explores themes related to Native American identity, culture, and experiences, particularly focusing on life of on the Spokane Indian Reservation.

С учетом положительной трансформации института адвокатуры в Республике Узбекистан за последние 10 лет статус адвоката выведен на качественно новый уровень. Следовательно, профессиональная защита по уголовному делу далеко не бесправна, что наделяет адвокатов в достаточной мере широкими правами и полномочиями в уголовном судопроизводстве. Законодательство Республики Узбекистан дает полное право адвокатам в процессе оказания профессиональной юридической помощи пользоваться всеми средствами и методами, не запрещенные законодательством.

Ushbu ilmiy maqolda kompetensiyaviy yondashuv asosida talabalarning ma’naviy-ma’rifiy faoliyatga tayyorlashning turli texnologiyalari va samaradorligi haqida so‘z boradi.