The article provides information on the importance of adhering to the rules of targeted diet and rational nutrition, which are important elements of a healthy lifestyle in the prevention and treatment of arterial hypertension, and the implementation of the DASH diet program. Dietary approach and rational nutrition, which is one of the foundations of a healthy lifestyle, is widely used as a non drug treatment in many diseases of the cardiovascular system, including arterial hypertension. In the development of arterial hypertension, an excess of the recommended amount of salt increases the sensitivity of the resistive vascular wall to pressor factors. The result is an increase in peripheral resistance as well as arteriola tone. As a result, a steady increase in the level of arterial hypertension leads to an increase in the incidence of injuries to the target organs and the occurrence of hypertensive crises.
Early diagnosis of hemoreological disorders in the initial stages of hypertension in hot climates. Dry and hot climatic conditions naturally lead to deterioration of blood rheology, an increase in the level of blood viscosity and aggregation of shaped elements. This increases the risk of micro and macroreological disorders and aggregates formation and thromboembolism.
This article presents metaphors, types of metaphors found in English speech, and the diversity of metaphorical speech
According to the World Health Organization, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection. In this regard, the attention of pediatricians and otolaryngologists is attracted by acute stenosing -laryngotracheitis (ASLT). According to the data of many years of research, the number of patients with ASLT ranges from 0.1 to 0.4% of all children hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection. The development of stenosing laryngotracheitis in acute respiratory viral infection (AR.VI) dramatically aggravates the condition of sick children, and sometimes the life of a child depends on its attachment to the underlying disease.
Since the first days of independence , large-scale reforms have been consistently implemented in our country in order to improve the quality of medical care for the population . Thus, effective medical care for children ensured timely detection, early diagnosis and treatment of patients with ASLT, which made it possible to reduce the duration of their treatment in the hospital by 3-4 days.
Despite numerous scientific studies devoted to the study of the patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, the role of dysbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, the process of endogenous intoxication (El), which develops as a result of illness in children and its relationship with the course of the disease, as well as the state of the system of local and general immunity dictate the need to improve the methods of their correction in the light of modern requirements. At the same time, the causes of recurrence of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis have not been fully determined; an important task is to develop prognostic criteria for assessing the outcomes of OSLT.
Given the dissertation research to a certain extent serves to solve the problems provided for in the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-2133 dated February 19, 2014 “On the State Program" The Year of a Healthy Child ’’and No. PP-2221 dated August 1, 2014 “On the State Program for Further Strengthening reproductive health of the population, protection of the health of mothers, children and adolescents in Uzbekistan for the period 2014-2018”, as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
Scientific research aimed at improving the methods of complex diagnostics, treatment and prevention of stenosing laryngotracheitis in children was carried out in many leading medical centers, such as the Schneider Children's Medical Center (Israel), Giessen University Hospital (Germany), St. Mary's Children's Clinic (Germany), Center of Innovative Medicine Interbalkan (Greece), Generale Clinic (Switzerland), Royal Clinic (Great Britain), Queens Medical Center (Great Britain), IDIBAPS Clinic (Spain), St. Luke's Hospital (Japan), Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia (Russia) , as well as the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute and the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatrics (Uzbekistan).
As a result of the studies, criteria for assessing the risk of occurrence and recurrent course of OSLT were developed, the mechanisms that determine the sensitivity of the respiratory tract were identified (Freiburg Clinic, Germany); established endocrine dysfunction in children with primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (Children's Hospital, Ireland); the influence of the composition of the microflora of the main loci of the body, connective tissue dysplasia, regulatory systems on the function of external respiration, the formation of threshold sensitivity and reactivity of the respiratory tract in children with recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT) was proved (Melbourne University, Australia).
At present, the goal of many studies in the world is to further determine at the immunomolecular level the role of specific and non-specific factors of immune protection in the pathogenesis of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis; assessment of the state of non-specific protection during OSLT; study of significant changes in the cellular link of immunity, changes in T-suppressors and partially B-lymphocytes; as well as the prevention of relapses and the improvement of methods for diagnosing and treating the disease.
As the analysis of special literature showed, a number of researchers studied the role of the allergic component and the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of the development of primary and recurrent OSLT. According to the results obtained, more than 90% of sick children in the pathogenesis of primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis is dominated by allergic component with the identification of common and allergen-specific IgE . In addition, it has been proven that the development of OSLT in parainfluenza infection is associated with a significant increase in IgE titer and specific IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions in children with ARVI. The mechanisms of OSLT recurrence based on a significant change in the immunological reactivity of the body, which are associated with its allergization by both infectious and non-infectious agents, including adverse environmental, seasonal, meteorological and even social conditions, have been studied. It has been proven that OSLT proceeds with vegetative disorders, which, in turn, have a significant impact on the course and outcome of the underlying disease. An improved treatment of OSLT at the height of the disease is proposed, based on the use of drags, taking into account the type of initial vegetative tone of the body.
Despite numerous works devoted to the study of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, its diagnosis and methods of treatment, the trend towards an increase in the recurrence of the disease persists, which dictates the need to study the general patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, assess the significance of the microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, disorders of the immune and interferon statuses and development of ways to correct them, predict the disease on the basis of a prognostic map, as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures.
An adverb is a lexico-grammatical class of unchangeable, as a rule, words denoting a sign of an action, quality or object and acting in the syntactic function of a circumstance or definition, less often of a predicate. The adverb in all languages of the world belongs to the late parts of speech, the formation process of which continues to the present day. At the same time, words belonging to this category still retain their functions in other parts of speech from which they were formed. Another distinctive feature of the adverb is the conceptual heterogeneity of the class of words in comparison with other parts of speech. Based on the above, we can say that there are many definitions of adverbs in Afghan and Iranian studies. Previously, the works of Arab scholars served as the basis for studying the grammar of Dari and the Persian languages; today, Afghan and Iranian philologists admit that there are significant differences between Arabic and their languages, and therefore, in studying the grammar of their language, they try to take into account the grammatical features exclusively Farsi. It should be noted that there is an activity of Iranian philologists in the field of writing scientific articles and books devoted to the interpretation of a particular grammatical issue, the attention of researchers to the structure of syntax has increased. We have analyzed a number of works on the grammar of the Dari and Persian languages, which touch on the question of parts of speech and minor members of a sentence. Below is a brief description of some works on the grammar of the modern Dari and Persian languages, in which the question of our research is most fully considered. In world linguistics, the Dari language is not widely studied, like the Persian language. In Iranian studies, in the scientific description of this language, it is mainly noted that it differs from the modern Persian language. In the Dari language, as well as in the Persian language, the authors consider the adverb from a morphological and syntactic point of view. In the course of our research, we analyzed the works related to the modern Dari language, as well as unique works that are being republished for the second time in Afghanistan
The seismic protection measures currently used are ineffective, and the calculation and design of buildings and structures. According to current standards, it does not at all exclude their destruction. Critical analysis provided seismic protection of buildings and proposes basic principles for their improvement. (The measures of seismic protection applied nowadays are ineffective, calculation and design of buildings and constructions for existing rules doesn't exclude their destruction at all. The critical analysis of seismic protection of buildings is provided and the basic principles of their improvement are offered.)
This article analyzes the role of dekhkan farms that help ensure food security and meet the needs of the population for agricultural products. The article also examines productivity and diversification on the part of dekhkan farms to support food security. Key words: dekhkan farms, agricultural production, food security, diversification.
One of the problems of acute laryngotracheitis is associated not only with its widespread spread, but also with a high probability of developing a number of complications and leading to a state of death. It is worth noting that acute stenosis laryngotracheitis is also characterized by a tendency to recurrence.
If acute primary stenosis laryngotracheitis develops in young children - mainly from 6 months to 3 years, in children up to 4 months, this disease is almost not observed. In addition, in the latter years, there is often an increase in the number of repeated episodes of laryngotracheitis in children, which not only complicates the respiratory disease, but can also lead to the appearance of life-threatening ("false" croup).
In this regard, it is of practical interest to study the specific features of the formation of recurrent stenosis laryngotracheitis (QSLT), depending on the age of the child, respiratory and allergic Anamnesis.
Ушбу монография иссик иклим шароитида гипертония касаллигининг бошлангич боскичларида гемореологик ва дислипидемии бузилишлар ва уларни коррекциялашда вегетатив нерв тизимиии бахолаш ва атеросклеротик кардиоваскуляр хавф даражасини аниклаш оркали даво ёндашилган илмий тадкикот натижалари асосида ёзилган. Шунингдек, гипертония касаллигида нишон аъзоларда шикастланишлар эрга ривожланишининг секинлашишига ва атеросклеротик кардиоваскуляр хавф даражасининг камайишига, гемореологик ва дислипидемии бузилишларни бартараф этадиган такомиллаштирилган даво усули оилавий врач амалиётига куллаш учун тавсия этилган.
По данным Всемирной организации здравоохранения, в последние годы наблюдается рост заболеваемости острой респираторной вирусной инфекцией. В связи с этим внимание педиатров и отоларингологов привлекают острые стенозирующие ларинготрахеиты (ОСЛТ). Согласно данным многолетних исследований, число пациентов с ОСЛТ колеблется от 0,1 до 0,4% от всех госпитализированных в стационар детей с диагнозом «острая респираторная вирусная инфекция». Развитие стенозирующего ларинготрахеита при острой респираторной вирусной инфекции (ОРВИ) резко отягощает состояние больных детей, а порой от присоединения его к основному заболеванию зависит жизнь ребенка.
С первых дней независимости в нашей стране с целью повышения качества медицинской помощи населению последовательно реализуются широкомасштабные реформы. Так, эффективное медицинское обслуживание детей обеспечило своевременное выявление, раннюю диагностику и лечение больных с ОСЛТ, что позволило на 3-4 дня сократить сроки лечения их в стационаре.
Несмотря на многочисленные научные исследования, посвященные изучению закономерностей инфекционного процесса при стенозирующем ларинготрахеите, роли дисбиоцсноза слизистых оболочек верхних дыхательных путей, процесс эндогенной интоксикации (ЭИ), развивающийся в результате болезни детей и его связь с течением заболевания, а также состояние системы местного и общего иммунитета диктуют необходимость совершенствования методов их коррекции в свете современных требований. Вместе с тем, причины рецидивирования острых стенозирующих ларинготрахеитов до конца не определены, важной задачей представляется разработка прогностических критериев оценки исходов ОСЛТ.
Данное диссертационное исследование в определенной степени служит решению задач, предусмотренных в постановлениях Президента Республики Узбекистан № ПП-2133 от 19 февраля 2014 года «О Государственной программе «Год здорового ребенка» и № ПП-2221 от 1 августа 2014 года "О Государственной программе по дальнейшему укреплению репродуктивного здоровья населения, охране здоровья матерей, детей и подростков в Узбекистане на период 2014-2018 годы», а также в других нормативноправовых документах, принятых в данной сфере.
Научные исследования, направленные на совершенствование методов комплексной диагностики, лечения и профилактики стенозирующих ларинготрахеитов у детей проводились во многих ведущих медицинских центрах, таких как детский медицинский центр Шнайдера (Израиль), Университетская клиника Гиссена (Германия), Детская клиника Святой Марии (Германия), Центр инновационной медицины Интербалкан (Греция), клиника Женераль (Швейцария), клиника Роял (Великобритания), Медицинский центр Куинс (Великобритания), клиника ИДИБАПС (Испания), госпиталь Святого Луки (Япония), Федеральный научноклинический центр оториноларингологии ФМБА России (Россия), а также Ташкентский педиатрический медицинский институт и Республиканский специализированный научно-практический медицинский центр педиатрии (Узбекистан).
В результате проведенных исследований были разработаны критерии оценки риска возникновения и рецидивирующего течения ОСЛТ, выявлены механизмы, определяющие чувствительность дыхательных путей (Фрейбург-ская клиника, Германия); установлена эндокринная дисфункция у детей с первичной и рецидивирующей формой острого стенозирующего ларинготрахеита (Детский госпиталь, Ирландия); доказано влияние состава микрофлоры основных локусов организма, соединительнотканной дисплазии, регулирующих систем на функцию внешнего дыхания, формирование пороговой чув-
ствительности и реактивности дыхательных путей у детей с рецидивирующим стенозирующим ларинготрахеитом (РСЛТ) (Мельбурнский университет, Австралия).
В настоящее время в мире целью многих исследований становится дальнейшее определение на иммуномолекулярном уровне роли специфических и неспецифических факторов иммунной защиты в патогенезе острого стенозирующего ларинготрахеита; оценка состояния неспецифической защиты при ОСЛТ; изучение достоверных сдвигов в клеточном звене иммунитета, изменений Т-супрессоров и частично В-лимфоцитов; а также профилактика рецидивов и совершенствование методов диагностики и лечения заболевания.
Как показал анализ специальной литературы, ряд исследователей изучали роль аллергического компонента и вегетативной нервной системы в патогенезе развития первичных и рецидивирующих ОСЛТ. Согласно полученным результатам, более чем у 90% больных детей в патогенезе первичного и рецидивирующего острого стенозирующего ларинготрахеита преобладает аллергический компонент с выявлением общих и аллергенспецифических IgE. Кроме того, доказано, что развитие ОСЛТ при парагриппозной инфекции связано с существенным повышением титра IgE и специфического IgA в назофарингеальных секретах у детей с ОРВИ. Изучены механизмы рециди-вирования ОСЛТ, основанные на значительном изменении иммунологической реактивности организма, которые связаны с его аллергизацией как инфекционными, так и неинфекционными агентами, включая неблагоприятные экологические, сезонные, метеорологические и даже социальные условия. Доказано, что ОСЛТ протекает с вегетативными расстройствами, которые, в свою очередь, оказывают существенное влияние на течение и исход основного заболевания. Предложено усовершенствованное лечение ОСЛТ в разгар заболевания, основанное на применении лекарственных препаратов с учетом типа исходного вегетативного тонуса организма.
Несмотря на многочисленные работы, посвященные изучению острого стенозирующего ларинготрахеита, ее диагностике и методам лечения, тенденция к росту рецидивирования заболевания сохраняется, что диктует необходимость изучения общих закономерностей инфекционного процесса при стенозирующем ларинготрахеите, оценки значения микробиоценоза слизистых оболочек верхних отделов респираторного тракта, нарушений иммунного и интерфероновых статусов и разработки способов их коррекции, прогнозирования заболевания на основе прогностической карты, а также повышения эффективности лечения и профилактических мероприятий.
Guillain-Barre syndrome (GBS) is a very rare autoimmune disease that is associated with demyelination of the peripheral nervous system and progressive muscle weakness that occurs mainly in previously healthy people. The incidence of GBS is 1.1-1.8 cases per 100,000 per year, and the incidence increases with age. The clinical spectrum of GBS is heterogeneous and includes acute inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (AIDP), acute motor axonal neuropathy (AMAN), acute motor and sensory axonal neuropathy (AMSAN), and Miller Fisher Syndrome (MFS). The disease is usually characterized by a rapid onset of symmetrical limb weakness, which progresses within a few days to 4 weeks and occurs in patients of any age. In developed countries, GBS has become the most common cause of acute flaccid paralysis. Despite improved recognition and treatment, GBS continues to be a serious disease.