This article is about the consideration regular army organization of defensive structures and promising defenses of the borders of the Kokand Khanate. As well as analyzed the achievements and development of the issue.
“Matlai sadain wa majmai Bahrain” of Abdurazzak Samarkandi is the main source for studying the history of the Timurid period. From the source, we can obtain valuable information about socio-political events, diplomatic relations, culture and education, construction and improvement. The article analyzes the information presented in the source in the field of architecture and landscaping. The Temurid period is notable for large-scale creative and landscaping works. Is there such information in “Matlai sadain”? What architectural monuments can We get information about? The article deals with similar issues. After the death of Amir Temur, the struggle for the throne reached a highest point, and many devastations occurred. According to sources, during this period, construction work was mainly focused on defense facilities. After Shahrukh Mirza consolidated Saltanat in his hands, the construction work shifted mainly to the enlightenment buildings. During this period, many mosques, mausoleums, madrasas, and gardens were built. Along with the construction of architectural structures, much attention is paid to the improvement of cities. In particular, agriculture was developed in Merv and Balkh. The book contains a lot of information about the buildings built and sponsored by Shahrukh Mirza and his sons. There is also information about the construction work carried out by the Timurid ladies. In addition to the activities of the Timurids, many emirs built mosques and madrasas. This can also be found in the source. This period, which was followed by constant war, is characterized by numerous destructions. The areas where the war was going on were often devastated. The destruction was mainly directed at defensive structures.
The main problems arising in maintaining the quality of design and construction of high-rise buildings, taking into account the possibility of introducing modern information systems, are considered, attention is paid to the peculiarities of improving the quality of work performed at all stages of the life cycle of an investment and construction project
The vibrations of the soil caused by the earthquake, being transmitted to the underground structure, excite certain vibrations in it, and the structure causes additional vibrations in the environment (soil), as a result of which there is an interaction between the underground structure and the environment (soil). For a comparative evaluation of the solutions of the analytical and finite element methods, we consider the transverse vibrations of an underground structure during seismic motion. The coordinate-free one way wave equation is transferred in spherical coordinates.
Промышленное и гражданское строительство входят в группу ключевых направлений развития государства. Данной утверждение основывается, во-первых, на значительных темпах обновления жилищного фонда (введение в действие новых жилых домов). Во вторых, на необходимости активизации промышленности, которой требуются новые высокотехнологичные здания и сооружения, отвечающие современным стандартам безопасности и требованиям заказчиков подобных строек. Такие приоритеты для государства весьма очевидны. Дело в том, что решая проблемы жилья, хотя бы в той мере, что его предложение на рынке неизменно растет, с соответствующими изменениями цен и изменением конкуренции, государство создает условия для решения и социальных проблем. В частности, новые микрорайоны в обязательном порядке должны быть снабжены детскими садами и школами, а о появлении новых магазинов общественного питания и сферы услуг вообще не вызывают сомнений. Выполняются социальные обязательства, формируются условия для развития малого предпринимательства, происходит стимулирование процессов обмена и распределения накоплений населения, т.е. стимулирование экономики и экономического роста. Темпы строительства новых жилых многоквартирных домов на сегодняшний день одни из самых высоких за новейшую историю государства, а качество строений напрямую зависит от эффективности и соблюдения технологий строительства, а также качества и состава материала, из которого оно ведется.
This article presents the reasons and conditions for introducing the width of the designated area for public highways in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the methods of justifying the width of the designated area, as well as the analysis of the definition of the width of the designated area in regulatory documents and its practical implementation.
В современных условиях в большинстве развитых стран мира складывается тенденция к постоянному увеличению водопотребления и количества хозяйственно-бытовых, промышленных и животноводческих сточных вод, которые чрезвычайно разнообразны по своему составу и количеству содержащихся в них органических и неорганических соединений, возбудителей различных инфекционных заболеваний, яиц глистов и цист патогенных простейших, а также токсичных веществ, вредных для человека и животных. Спуск таких сточных вод в водные объекты естественно приводит к их загрязнению, ухудшению качества воды и опосредовано представляет опасность для здоровья населения.
Currently, construction conditions in large cities are such that the most intensive construction work is carried out in the central part of populated areas. A distinctive feature of modern urban construction is the desire to develop underground space. This is due, on the one hand, to the attractiveness for investors to locate properties in areas with already developed engineering infrastructure and the highest concentration of population, and on the other hand, to the historical psychology of the “prestige” of real estate in central areas of cities. In this regard, the growth of cities in height was a feature of the two previous centuries - the 19th and 20th. But in the 21st century. The main feature of truly modern urban construction is the desire to develop underground space. being built into city blocks.
The goal of digital construction is to increase efficiency, reduce costs and increase collaboration between all stakeholders involved in the process. In Uzbekistan, digital construction is beginning to actively develop and is being used in various fields.
Сунъий суғоришга асосланган деҳқончилик Ўрта Осиё қишлоқ хўжалигининг асоси ҳисобланиб, бу жараён жанубий Туркманистон, Тожикистон ва Ўзбекистон-нинг жанубида бронза (мил. авв. III-II йилликлар) даврида, Тошкент воҳаси ва унинг атрофларида эса илк темир (мил. авв. VIIIIV асрлар) даврида шакл-ланиб, ривожланди. Ўрта Осиёда илк давлат уюшмалари сунъий суғориш бир мунча қулай бўлган Амударё (юқори, қуйи, ўрта) оқимлари бўйларида, Мурғоб воҳасида, Зарафшон ва Қашқадарё воҳаларида шаклланиб ривожланади. Бундай ҳолатни дунё тарихидаги дастлабки давлатлар-Миср (Нил) ва Месопо тамия (Дажла ва Фрот) мисолида ҳам кузатиш мумкин.
Historic buildings are an integral part of a community’s cultural heritage. These structures serve as a testament to the history and development of a city or region. The preservation and restoration of historic buildings are complex, multifaceted and expensive processes, but they are worth the cost, as they help to glorify and restore our heritage and preserve our roots. In this article, we will explore the importance of preserving and restoring historic buildings and the impact it has on the local community.
This article analyzes some aspects of the construction of water facilities in the Kokan Khanate, water facilities built in the territory of the Khanate in the 18th and 19th centuries, their use, farming culture, water distribution and management rights. The measures of Erdonabi, Norbotabi, Olimkhan, Umarkhan, Muhammad Alikhan’s regarding agrarian issues are discussed
The article takes into account the role of roads and bridges in the national economy, their natural conditions, productivity, efficiency and safety of road and rail transport, the principles of feasibility study of the parameters of all road elements, their durability after construction.