All Humans were born in their family, they grow as a member of family. Family is considered as a place which has a bond to live together of relationship with man and wife, parents, children as well as siblings. Blood relation and relative by marriage are main part in attitude of society, In addition it can consist of their duties and aims. That kind of attitude among society is said kinship. And the words which are related to this are called kinship terms. These terms possess form of naming and address. This terms posses two types: address and naming which are differentiated in relationship. This article provides comparison between similarities and differences in the terms of kinship in Japanese and Uzbek languages. Direct and соllateral family ties from the ascending line (grandfather) to the descending line (grandson) are analyzed. The objective of this work is to identify answers to questions such as whether the meanings of kinship terms are uniquely suited in Japanese and Uzbek languages and whether relationship structures are similar or different. In this scientific article, the names of kinship relations in Japanese and Uzbek are systematized, their meanings and relations are determined. In Japanese and Uzbek languages, the name blood relationship is consistent but there are differences in relation. From the point of view of соllateral family kinship, it was found that there are differences in the name of the kinship, in both their meaning and attitude.
The history of relations between Uzbekistan and India have been continuing for a long time. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the relations have acquired a new meaning. In this article, the political, historical, economic study of bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and India was studied in an interdisciplinary approach. During the analysis, the works of Uzbek and Indian scholars who have studied the relations between the two countries will be considered. The scientific works of Uzbek scholars studying the relations between Uzbekistan and India analyze the economic, political and cultural aspects of relations. In particular, the works of R.Asadova and N.Ibragimova, who studied the period of relations between the two countries until 2000 at the dissertation level, will be studied. During the study of the history of relations between the two countries of S.Mirkasimov, I.Nematov and I.Mavlonov, who served as Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Uzbekistan in India from 1993 to 2004, will be considered. The scientific works of Indian scholars Skand R.Tayal, Barun De, Rahul Tripathi, V.Choob, Ramakant Dwivedi, Ramgopal Agarwala, Myeena Singh Roy, Prakash Shri, Rajorshi Roy, K.Santhanam, G-n Bhargav Mitra, who studied the relations between the two countries, were studied. Periodicals of the Republic of Uzbekistan play a key role in the coverage of Uzbek-Indian relations. This study examines the data of authors who have published articles in newspapers about the friendly relations between the two countries.
The article highlights the history of political relations between the Bukhara People's Soviet Republic and the Republic of Turkey in the 20s of the twentieth century. The government of the Young Bukharians headed by F. Khodjaev considered political relations with Turkey one of the important directions. The Turkish state was the first to recognize the independence of the BNSR and sent ambassadors to Bukhara. On the basis of archival documents, it is revealed that political relations between the two countries were not effective enough under the pressure of the Soviets.
This article covers the relations between the brotherly peoples of Turkey and Central Asia, the diplomatic relations carried out, the embassy relations between the Kokand Khanate and the Ottomans
The article discusses the socio-philosophical factor of intercultural elations in the new stage of development. The attitude of the respondents to intercultural harmony and amicable neighborliness are scientifically analyzed through sociological research
Geopolitical transformations and their impact on the energy system are closely related to the formation of the modern world order, and the energy factor plays an increasingly important role in international relations. Currently, energy security is regulated not only by the laws of a market economy, but also by geopolitical interests. Recently, it has been observed that subjects of international relations are trying to use the energy and raw materials factor to advance their interests. In the modern world order, fierce competition and the struggle for energy resources have taken a new turn. Leading countries are striving to establish themselves firmly in regions with large reserves of raw materials. Relations in the field of production, transportation and supply of energy to foreign markets are directly related to geopolitical processes. Therefore, under the influence of geopolitical transformations, this form of relationship changes systematically and functionally. The modern international energy system is affected by the forces and factors inherent in the world order, and is becoming increasingly complex. Geopolitical transformations have a significant impact on the international energy regime, creating a new configuration of geopolitical forces. New large consumer centers are emerging in the international arena, and competition between them is growing. The emergence of new centers of power has a significant impact on international energy relations. Energy conflicts between power centers and other actors weaken the foundations of global energy security. At the same time, the lack of effective international legal mechanisms to ensure energy security complicates the energy situation. This article discusses the impact of geopolitical transformations in East Asia on energy security, geopolitical processes in the region, the impact of the geostrategic, geo-economic interests of leading countries on international and regional energy relations, the impact of economic competition and political tension on markets, investment and energy resources of the countries of the region on the total security of the region, the geopolitical situation in the region and the participation of leading states, as well as international and regional political and economic structures. Also highlights problems of energy security in East Asia, the energy situation in the region, current issues of energy in the region, energy policy and cooperation of the countries of the region, the main directions of modern architecture of energy security in East Asia, energy strategies of the countries of the region, the institutional foundations of energy security, the problems facing energy diplomacy of the states of the region, the impact of regional conflicts on energy security and other relevant issues facing today's energy security in the region. It also provides analytical forecasts of the future energy situation in the region and in the international arena. The article concludes with scientific recommendations aimed at ensuring energy security and enhancing the effectiveness of cooperation in the context of geopolitical transformation.
The article discusses interdisciplinary Russian-Central Asian relations with a focus on its economic component. The specifics of the ongoing research, which is the basis for the article, is an attempt to systematically evaluate the key elements of interaction between Russia and Central Asian countries in the areas of politics, security, the economy (including in the energy sector), as well as in the social sphere. Through this lens, the most important factors and stages of relations in the period of 1991-2018 are also identified, and statistics not previously combined in one material are provided. Over the past years, since the declaration of independence of the Central Asian countries, economic relations between the Russian Federation and the regional countries have been characterized by a series of "ups" and "downs". A noticeable activation of Russian business and the overall economic policy of the Russian Federation in Central Asia began to be observed from the beginning of the 2000s. Russia's strategic interests have touched the oil and gas sector, where the vast majority of Russian investments have been represented. In recent years, in the face of continuing Western sanctions, the Central Asian region has become one of the most important, and non-alternative, economic regions for Russia. At present, new trends are beginning to intensify and deepen economic cooperation, including diversification of ties across sectors of the economy, expanding geography and improving the quality of cooperation. Investments from the Central Asian countries themselves in the Russian Federation have played and continue to play an important role in the development of economic relations. Moreover, relations between Russia and Central Asian countries in the labor migration segment have been developing dynamically and on a large scale for many years. In general, the importance of labor migration is high not only for the Russian Federation, but also for the Central Asian countries themselves. It is concluded that in recent years, Russian-Central Asian relations have been characterized by rather high dynamics. There is no doubt that the development of interaction is largely favored by traditionally close bilateral and multilateral ties: due to historical commonality, geographical proximity, socio-cultural and other proximity, the presence of institutional formats, and mutual desire for cooperation.
The study discusses some key issues regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the international relations, the global economy. According to the author, slackening of economic relation in global economy, the falldown of Gross Domestic Product, has counted against many national economies and for global economy as a whole. In this context, it is also necessary to emphasize that the issue will negatively affect the cultural and humanitarian relations between the countries, which will also affect and slow down the pace of development of international relations after the pandemic. The situation that has developed in the world as a result of a pandemic makes it clear that the emergence of any disease, epidemic, threatens its mass spread among millions of people and not a single country or state is protected from this, and the consequences apply to absolutely all spheres of life of a human being. At present, for many states, along with political and economic problems that need urgent solutions, the construction of hospitals, their equipping and provision of medical personnel, the lack of which is especially acute in the context of the global epidemic, has become especially priority. And, in such conditions, the development of multilateral cooperation is acutely felt, actions together based on the principles of cooperation in solving priority problems. The following tasks are revealed in the article: study of the situation in the world related to the current spread of the coronavirus, the impact of the pandemic on international relations; measures taken by governments in a pandemic conditions and their effectiveness; Uzbekistan's experience in counteracting the pandemia; strengthening regional cooperation; Uzbekistan's initiatives to combat the pandemia. The general situation, connected with the spread of the pandemia is examined. The consideration is given to the measures applied by the countries’ governments in combating the coronavirus pandemia, as well as their effectiveness. The article presents the experience of Uzbekistan in combating a pandemia, initiatives to combat the crisis, as well as strengthening regional cooperation with neighboring countries at the current stage. Currently, only the beginning of regional cooperation between Central Asian states is observed. The study of the issues of spread of coronavirus, and its impact on international relations are not well-defined. Since the pandemic has spread throughout the world, there are a lot of questions for research, not only large-scale, but also local in nature. In the course of the work, the author applied a systematic approach.
Everyone receives spam while working on the Internet.Someone accepts this fact as unavoidable one, and, keeping enviable peace of mind, deletes the incoming correspondence from unknown senders. Someone is growling out and demonstrates his displeasure to a provider or sender. There are others, who read carefully every incoming message, thus deriving sometimes a profit for themselves. All the persons mentioned above participate in the specific informational public relation via the Internet and email using.
It is known from history that two fraternal peoples are connected by one language, the sacred Islamic religion, traditions and customs, and the invaluable heritage of great figures. Even when there is no border between the two countries, it is well known that the great representatives of our people have created a great heritage of culture, history and science in the territory of modern Afghanistan and this heritage is a common property. In this sense, a new page of relations between two countries is now emerging. The nearly half-century war in Afghanistan indicates that this land has become the heartland of world politics ever since. Afghanistan remains a main point in the field of competition for the geopolitical maneuvers of the region and its conflicting interests. Nowadays, this is the result of geopolitical struggle in which there are different views on achieving peace in the Afghan land. However, it should be noted that Uzbekistan has some of the most current approaches and its pragmatic and constructive views on the peace process in Afghanistan that differ from other powers. Uzbekistan is a only country bordered all Central Asian states as well as Afghanistan. Such a geostrategic axiom will lead to the recognition of Uzbekistan’s role in the Afghan peace process. This article analyzes the political, trade, economic, cultural and humanitarian relations of modern Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and their features. In particular, the article shows relations with the government of Afghanistan, Tashkent International Conference on Afghanistan, negotiations with the leadership of the Taliban political office, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Heart” railroad, “Termiz cargo” international export logistics center, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar” railroad, “Surkhan-Puli Khumri” power plant, “Uzbekistan-Afghanistan” Friendship Society, Training Center for Afghan Citizens, International Scientific Conference on Afghanistan and other many practical works.
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan in 1992, the two countries, based on mutually beneficial cooperation and trust, have been developing friendly relations in various fields every year. In particular, the rise of Korea and Uzbekistan to the level of "Special Strategic Partnership" in 2019 was an important event in relations between the two countries. These achievements have not been achieved overnight, but are the result of the two countries ’trust, cooperation and efforts to support each other over the past 30 years. 2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, diplomatic relations between the two countries have been growing in quantity and quality. Today, the presidents of Korea and Uzbekistan sometimes call each other "Aka-Uka" and sometimes describe each other as "true friends." Korea and Uzbekistan have become true brothers. Accordingly, Korea and Uzbekistan, which are actively developing diplomatic, economic, social, as well as health, cultural and labor exchanges as strategic partners for each other, will be a great synergy if they expand cooperation in the future and meet each other's needs and develop together. effect is expected to occur.
The aim of the research consists in development of offers and recommendations about further improvement of criminal-legal and criminological measures of fight against crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The object of the research work is the system of the public relations regulating criminal-legal, criminological and organizational measures for counteraction to crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the expediency of establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy at compliance with the law about protection of private life, ensuring protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of legal gaps is proved;
need of establishment of responsibility for infringement of personal privacy in article 1411 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan when ensuring criminal legal protection of personal privacy and inevitability of responsibility is proved;
for ensuring the principles of justice and humanity in the criminal legislation the expediency of awarding punishment in the form of restriction of freedom on the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies is proved;
high degree of public danger of some crimes (illegal activities for attraction of money and (or) other property (article 1881 of CK), production, storage, distribution or demonstration of the materials containing threat of public safety and to public order (article 2441 of CK)) committed with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is explained;
establishment of responsibility for bringing to suicide and inducement to suicide with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is proved;
need of introduction of responsibility of the blogger for placement of public negative information of a certain look for the Internet is proved;
inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract, need of nondisclosure of the specified data are proved;
establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts is offered;
expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state are specified;
need of recognition of the actions exerting negative impact to life, health and morality of the personality, made with use of means of information technologies as socially dangerous act is offered.
Implementation of research results. The results of the study are used:
the proposal on establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 461 of the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the administrative liability entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). This change provides compliance with the law about personal privacy, protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of a legal gap in the legislation;
the proposal on establishment of criminal liability for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 1411 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). Establishment of criminal liability for commission of the act breaking personal privacy provides criminal legal protection of private life of the person and inevitability of responsibility;
offers on expediency of awarding punishments in the form of restriction of freedom concerning the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies, have found the reflection in articles 2781-2786 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 10, 2015 No. ZRU-389 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer serves purpose of alternative punishment for crimes in the sphere of information technologies;
high degree of public danger of commission of some types of crimes with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet has found reflection in article 1881, the «g» point of third part of article 2441 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 25, 2016 No. ZRU-405 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). According to this offer criminal liability for use of information technologies in criminal intents has been established;
responsibility for bringing to suicide, the inducement to suicide made with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet have been established in article 103 and 1031 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 13, 2017 No. ZRU-436 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer has served establishment of criminal liability for the information attacks encroaching on human life;
regulations on responsibility of the blogger for dissemination of public negative information of some look on the Internet are introduced in articles 3 and 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from December 11, 2003 No. 560-II «About informatization» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves prevention of various crimes committed with use of the Internet;
offers on inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract need of nondisclosure of the specified data have found the reflection in article 18 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 22, 2018 No. ZRU-385 «About electronic commerce» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer became a basis for the ban illegal use of personal data from participants of electronic commerce;
offers on establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts are introduced in article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 8, 2017 No. ZRU-444 «About protection of children from information doing harm to their health» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer has served recognition of dissemination of information among children of information doing harm to their health as illegal behavior;
offers on improvement of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety have been used by preparation of analytical notes within the Concept of improvement of the criminal and criminal procedure legislation approved by the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 14, 2018 No. PP-3723 (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves a proving of inevitability of responsibility for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served increase in efficiency of prevention of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on need of definition of external influence, level of competence and practical skills of employees, motives of offense when studying the reasons of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security and also conducting monitoring of social networks have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served definition of the reasons and early warning of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers that the information security is object of criminal legal protection taking into account its direct connection with the state interests have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served protection of information security as object of criminal legal protection;
offers on need of implementation of complex measures from law enforcement agencies for ensuring information security at information security have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has provided orientation of activity of law enforcement agencies on information security;
offer that threats of information security exert essential harm to the interests of the personality, society and state information have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03- 07-02/124). This offer has allowed to estimate high degree of public danger of information threats as a factor of commission of information crimes;
the rule about protection of the personality against illegal information influence taking into account that impact on consciousness of the personality with use of means of information technologies exerts negative impact on life, health and morality of the personality, has found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served recognition of the specified actions as socially dangerous act.
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 260 pages.
In the introductory part of the article the author characterizes prospects of strengthening of value of the information factor in the further development of public attitudes, need of comprehension of prompt and qualitative changes occurring in them, and also necessity of legal regulation of the given sphere. In the basic part of the article the public attitudes developing between citizens in occasion of the information in
Uzbekistan, as demanding independent legal regulation, and furthermore associations in the isolated branch of jurisprudence - the information right are considered. In the conclusion the author comes to opinion that it is necessary to consider the information as object included in the mechanism of legal regulation of a property turn, and also in a complex to analyze legal-information relations in civil aspects.
The role and place of public diplomacy in international relations, peace and stability, and the strengthening of mutual relations among nations are constantly increasing in the context of globalization. People's diplomacy plays an important role in shaping friendly relations between Uzbekistan and the international community with political, diplomatic and economic ties. In the development of public diplomacy, scientists, science and culture representatives, educational institutions, public and religious organizations, as well as public associations founded by fellow citizens, play a key role in the development of public diplomacy. The article aims to provide a systematic illustration of the history of cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with Germany within the framework of public diplomacy. It follows from the following tasks: The Role of Public Diplomacy in Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan; Opening of the main directions of the German cooperation in the field of public diplomacy; The role of societies in the cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with public diplomacy with Germany. The research has been used in the analysis, synthesis, history, logic research ways. The external mining partnership, formed in connection with public diplomacy, has given its results in the short run. In 1992, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan received 36 representatives from 9 countries (England, Germany, Israel, India, Malaysia, Turkey, USA, France and JAR). In 1993, about 160 countries recognized the independence of Uzbekistan and established diplomatic relations with 60 countries. In 1993, The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov visited Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Japan and India. As a result of the visit, an agreement on cultural cooperation was signed with India, Turkey, Germany, France, Great Britain and China. The development of public diplomacy has played a significant role in the Uzbek Culture Days in Germany and the German Cultural Days in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the role of art and theater days in the countries in the development of cooperation between two countries in the sphere of culture was particularly significant. The role of friendship societies and cultural centers in the development of bilateral relations between two states in Eurasia – Germany and Uzbekistan is immense. The role of "Uzbekistan-Germany" Friendship Society and "Germany-Uzbekistan" societies, which unite representatives of two nations in the development of cooperation within the framework of people diplomacy are unique.
This article attempts to clarify political views on the sudden appearance of a new type of coronavirus COVID-19 on the world stage, in particular, against the background of tense relations between the United States and China, aspirations of certain lobby groups to replace the green peril with the red-yellow threat in the paradigm of world politics. Discussions are expressed about the spread of the pandemic that has seeped into Central Asia; the degree of its influence on the relations of the states of the region with China which may prompt the establishment of new conditions of the world order in international relations and changes in state governance. An interesting point of the article is the attention paid to the diversity of the dynamics of the spread of COVID-19 in countries bordering China, as well as the need to learn and exchange the best practices in minimizing the consequences of the pandemic.
The search for new constructions of contracts not described in the legislation is connected with the continuous search for participants of agreements of simplified and mutually beneficial contract terms. This article describes the course of the emergence of unnamed contracts with the analysis of the typology and structure of such agreements. In addition, the article attaches special importance to modern types of non-named contracts. Also, the article analyzes the application of the law analogy to unnamed treaties. The opinions of foreign and domestic scientists on this issue have been studied. It is noted that the study of the issue of correct and legally well-written unnamed contracts is one of the priority branches of civil law not only in Uzbekistan but throughout the world.