Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Researches of human population genomic variety and scenarios of its genetic pool formation arc one of perspective directions of modem genetics. Prompt progress in this field has allowed defining the basic routes of continents settlement. However the information about Central Asian (CA) populations even on «classical» genetic markers has accidental, fragmentary character, and requires additional large-scale investigations. Besides, according to historical, archeological, paleontological and some anthropogenetic studies, given region was playing certain role in ancient moving of modem human ancestors throughout Eurasian continent. Therefore it is extremely important to summarize and perform complex assessment of new and collected data on Central Asian populations as practically there arc no multivariate analyses studies of given region as a complex population system.
In studies of human population genetic structure arc usually used various approaches allowing understanding concept of populations subdivision and character of genetic relationships between them. Among these techniques the prominent place belongs to approaches based on an assessment of genetic distances between populations with their subsequent analysis by multivariate statistics methods. For even more compelling picture of the relationships between the populations on tree diagram we composed «the genetic landscape» of area, where the description of population genetic structure is presented by equally spaced figures consistently consolidating populations according to their genetic distances from each other and thus creating a genetic landscape. This approach is not only a tool for elementary population boundary detection, but also can be effectively used for identification of borders and sizes of population as naturalistic unit.
Multigcnctic landscape is a collection of different genetic systems which arc specific to the region and ethnic groups, which have their geographical areas, their geographical, historical and cultural boundaries. Gene flows arc run through these conventional boundaries, but they arc less intense than in the limits of area. These limits arc ambiguous and fluid, but it is real. You can identify them by studying, for example, the structure of marriage migration. Therefore anthropogenesis of different populations will inevitably differ from each other. Ethnogenetic composition tends to change over time, from generation to generation, and hence there is a need to understand the structure of the genepool, not only at a given time, but also in the study of genetic processes that form and reform the gcncpooL In this regard, the studying of multigcnctic landscapes is in close contact with the demographics, medical and genetic ecology, anthropology, ethnology, archeology and history of the peoples, that is, with a range of areas, not only natural, but also the humanities knowleges.
Study of genomic diversity is important not only to address questions of origin and genetic history of different ethnic groups, but is also the basis for molecular epidemiology of hereditary and multifactor diseases. Each region is characterized by a specific set of common genetically determined diseases. To understand the causes of the prevalence of disease in different regions, and to develop approaches to their early DNA diagnosis and effective prevention, initially it is necessary to conduct population-based studies, which determine the development of the disease.
Purpose of research is to implement a comprehensive description of the structure of indigenous Central Asian populations genetic pool, examine demographic, phylogenetic and evolutionary features of Central Asian populations through the analysis of genetic variety of mtDNA, Y-chromosomal (NRY), autosomal, X-chromosomal microsatcllites and immunogcnetic variants of Helicobacter pylori (H.pylori) and hepatitis В virus (HB V).
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
specification of immunogcnetic variants of H.pylori and HBV, allocated at the patients in Central Asian region, with the subsequent comparative phylogenetic analysis of H.pylori and HBV regional versions with those in other regions of the world;
examination of genetic variety and degree of genetic differentiation of Central Asian populations according to classical population-genetic objects -polymorphisms of mtDNA, Y-chromosomal, autosomal and X- chromosomal STRs;
assessment of the Western and East-Eurasian lines of population inheritance contribution to Central Asian populations’ genetic pool at regional, ethnic, sub-cthnic levels and in a level of elementary populations;
reviewing of character of regional populations relationships by genetic variety of mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs markers in view of ethnographic, social and linguistic data;
evaluation of sex-specific genetic structure and the social organization according to polymorphisms of mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal markers in the region;
determination of ancient ways of migrations and scripts of formation of Central Asian populations according to mtDNA, autosomal, X-chromosomal, Y-chromosomal STRs markers and immunogcnetic variants of H.pylori and HBV',
evaluation of ethnogenetic position of studied Central Asian populations in the system of genetic pools of Eurasia and the world in general through comparative analysis of all studied population-genetic parameters.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
for the first time was performed a study of genetic pool structure of 26 Central Asian populations from 6 ethnic groups as complete population systems using a wide range of genetic objects;
for the first time was made an assessment of informativeness of each type of genetic subjects. For the first time was received detailed characteristic of genetic pool structure of indigenous Central Asian population on the basis of variability lines of the spectrum of genetical objects;
for the first time was defined the ratio of Westem-and the East-Eurasian lines in a genepool of Central Asian population and were made an assessments of genetic variety level and genetic differentiation degree of regional populations as a whole;
for the first time phylogenetic analysis of major haplogroups of investigated genetic subjects was conducted;
for the first time the position of Central Asian population in population genetic pool system of surrounding regions and Eurasia in the whole was studied;
for the first time the evolutionary-adaptable mechanisms, necessary in the forecast of formations of multigenic pathologies in region were studied at 6 ethnoses of Central Asian.
CONCLUSION
1. H.pylori from Central Asian territory is similar to Western Europe isolates, and shaped by two ancestral populations genotype Ancestral Europe 1 (dominant) and Ancestral Europe2 and for AE1-genotype Central Asian region probably is the source. H.pylori from the territory of Central Asia form a separate cluster group: close relationship of Tadjik, Uzbek strains and Iranian isolates from the north of Iran is established. Kirghiz isolates were found to be closer to populations from territory of Siberia.
2. High diversity of HBV genotypes in Central Asia was found -4 genotypes (A, C, D, and G). Phylogenetic analysis of Central Asian genotype HBV-with options for other regions of the world showed a close relationship between the dominant genotype D (0,78), the D1-subtype with variants of the virus in Europe, the Middle East and Africa.
3. The rates of genetic affinity for STR-NRY in Kazakhs, Turkmens, Karakalpaks Turtkul at the level of the same lineage were high: 0,58 (p<0,001); 0,34 (p<0,01) and 0,77 (p<0,001), respectively. The coefficients of relationship at the level of clan for Kazakhs, Turkmens, Uzbeks and Karakalpaks from Kungrad and Turtkul were lower: 0,30 (r<0,01); 0,21 (p<0,001) and 0,40 (r<0,001); 0,07 (p<0,05) and 0,09 (p<0,05), respectively. At the level of the tribe, the indicators were negative for all Turkic populations: -0,02 (r<0,05);-0,04 (r<0,001);-0,07 (p<0,01); -0,0011 (r<0,1) and -0,10 (r<0,01), respectively.
4. The analysis of mtDNA HVS-1 showed that total rate of differentiation level for all populations was low: FST=0,013; p<0,0001. Level of diversity between groups was 0,6% (p<0,001) of the total variability. Parameter of genetic differences between Turkic and Indo-Iranian populations made 0,55% (p<0,0283) of the total genetic variability. The rate of genetic differentiation on a sub-ethnic level was significantly expressed in Indo-Iranian group (FST=0,0197;r<0,001) than among the Turkic-speaking (0,3%; p=0,10). In all populations, in general, wasn‟t detected the correlation between genetic and geographic distances at the global level on mtDNA HVS-1: r=0,00682; p=0,502.
5. Analysis of STR-NRY showed that the level of the genetic differentiation between ethnic groups was 5,6% (p<0,02); general differentiation between populations made RST=0,186 (p<0,001). Combined analysis, taking into account the language and way of life of Turkic and Indo Iranian populations, showed the general differences between the two groups – 9,1% Value of genetic differentiation when comparing the ethnos-ethnos was slightly lower than the level within ethnos: 5,6% among ethnic groups, 18,6%, and 13,7%-between populations within the ethnic group.
6. Analysis of heterozygosity (H) and the average number of pairwise differences (p) of mtDNA, were high in nomadic populations (av.H=0,99; av.p=5,29) and farmer populations (av.H=0,99; av.p=5,32). Heterozygosity (H) on Y- chromosome was lower in nomadic groups than in the agrarian – 0,86 and 0,99,respectively (p<0,01). Nomadic populations exhibit a higher level of population differentiation (RST) in comparison with farmers - 0,19 and 0,06, respectively (p<0,01). Indicators of population growth (r) were lower in nomadic populations compared with farmers - 1,004 and 1,008, respectively (p=0,056).
7. The level of genetic differentiation in all ethnic groups was higher on the Y chromosome in comparison with mtDNA. The farming populations showed no significant difference in the genetic differentiation FST (Y)=0,069 and FST (mtDNA)=0,034, while among patrilineal nomadic population the level of genetic diversity was higher in the male line of inheritance - FST(Y)=0,177 and FST (mtDNA)=0,010. Genetic diversity of population structure in patrilineal nomads on autosomal and X-linked markers were: FST (A)=0,008 (0,006-0,010) and FST (X)=0,011 (0,001-0,004) (H0: FST(A)=FST(X); H1: FST(A)>FST(X); p=0,02). In bilinear farmer populations the differences of autosomal and X-chromosomal markers were insignificant: FST (A)=0,014 (0,012-0,016) and FST (X)=0,013 (0,008-0,018 at p=0,36).
8. Analysis of mtDNA indicated that the age of expansion on the territory of Eurasia (τw) declined significantly from East to West (r=0,72; p<0,001). The age of expansion had a pronounced tendency to decrease from 30 thousand years in China to 17 thousand years in Western Europe. Age of expansion in Central Asia amounted to 26 thousand years. Results of expansion analysis on NRY also show a decrease in genetic diversity from the East to the West of Eurasia (r=0,49; p<0,001). In Central Asia this age was 16 thousand yrs. According STRs-NRYBatwing analysis of the minimal age of Uzbek population origin was 1232,71 yrs old (Ne=14088 (6765-23942); α=0,0108 (0,0065-0,0155)).
9. The apportionment of multilocus genetic variations among ethnic and linguistic groups of Central Asian populations showed that more than 98% of all variations were within the population (p<0,0001). Evaluation of the ethnic and linguistic affiliations in the observed variations showed reliable conformity - FST=0,007; p<0,0001 and FST=0,011; p<0,0001, respectively. We didn‟t find evidence of geographical isolation within each of the Turkic and Indo Iranian groups of populations (p=0,363 and p=0,772, respectively).
10. Analysis of multilocus allelic diversity (AR) and heterozygosity (He) showed differences among the Central Asian and other populations in allelic variety (χ2 =105,29; d.f.=25; p<0,0001) and heterozygosity (χ2=67,98; d.f.=25; p<0,0001). Population differentiation at multilocus analysis at populations of Central Asia is more pronounced than in the other regions of Eurasia: in European and Middle Eastern groups pairwise estimation of FST ranged from 0,011 to 0,015 and -0,008-0,021, respectively; in East-Asian groups from -0,011 to 0,046; and finally, in Central Asia these rates ranged from -0,004 to 0,056. Heterozygosity was significantly higher in the group of the Indo-Iranian populations than among Turkic-speaking (He=0,818 and He=0,787, respectively; Z=-4, 55; p<0,0001). According to multilocus analysis all 26 Central Asian populations slightly but significantly differed (FST=0,015; CI99%=0,011-0,018; p<0,01).
The history of relations between Uzbekistan and India have been continuing for a long time. After the independence of Uzbekistan, the relations have acquired a new meaning. In this article, the political, historical, economic study of bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and India was studied in an interdisciplinary approach. During the analysis, the works of Uzbek and Indian scholars who have studied the relations between the two countries will be considered. The scientific works of Uzbek scholars studying the relations between Uzbekistan and India analyze the economic, political and cultural aspects of relations. In particular, the works of R.Asadova and N.Ibragimova, who studied the period of relations between the two countries until 2000 at the dissertation level, will be studied. During the study of the history of relations between the two countries of S.Mirkasimov, I.Nematov and I.Mavlonov, who served as Ambassadors Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the Republic of Uzbekistan in India from 1993 to 2004, will be considered. The scientific works of Indian scholars Skand R.Tayal, Barun De, Rahul Tripathi, V.Choob, Ramakant Dwivedi, Ramgopal Agarwala, Myeena Singh Roy, Prakash Shri, Rajorshi Roy, K.Santhanam, G-n Bhargav Mitra, who studied the relations between the two countries, were studied. Periodicals of the Republic of Uzbekistan play a key role in the coverage of Uzbek-Indian relations. This study examines the data of authors who have published articles in newspapers about the friendly relations between the two countries.
This article devates and analyzes information on trade and economic relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and Afghanistan in the works of tourists, ambassadors, diplomatic officials and researchers during the 19th and early 20th centuries. In particular, the article by Gabaidulla Amirov, published in the journal «Aziatskiy Vestnik» in 1825, examines the important aspects of Bukhara-Afghanistan trade relations at the time, as well as the activities of Bukhoro traders in other cities, such as Herat, Kabul, and shopping centers in Afghanistan. This article examine caverfully the wook of E.K. Meindorf one of the naturalist (or scientist) from the expedition led by A.F. Negri in the Emerate Bukhara in 1820-1821. The informations about agricultural cotton, which produced in connection with foreign trade of Bukhara to Afganistan and the trade routes passes through Balkh to Kabul and through Bukhara to Herat, is highlighted in. The article notes that the special attention has paid to the trade relations between the Emerate of Bukhara and Afganistan since the 1930. In the work of Russian orientalist P.S. Savelyev analyzes the role of Bukhara in the trade relations of the eastern states and the three caravan routes passed through Bukhara to Iran and Afganistan. In this period Burns, who was sent to Central Asia on a special mission from the British government at that time, will examine the issue of the Afghans in Bukhara, P.I. Demezon, who was sent as an ambassador to Bukhara in 1833-1834, and the information collected by the Russian officer I.V. Vitkevich in 1835-1836, were investigated. N.V. Hanikov's work in the 40s of the 19th century examines information about goods imported from Bukhara from Afghanistan, as well as trade convoys between Bukhara and Kabul, as well as trade goods. In addition, their trade activity, and especially the Lohanians, the Afghan tribes living in the Ghazna district. Since the 50s of the 19th century, Russia has attached great importance to the study of the relations of Central Asian khanates with Afghanistan. Moreover, traditional goods from Bukhara to Kabul, such as silk, goat wool and wool, had based on research by P. Nebolsin, a member of the Russian Geographic Society. The Russian, copper, pot, crust, knives, scissors, tin, leather, razor, gold yarn, cashmere the so-called red paint, lightweight silk fabrics, and velvet are also included, and the distance between Bukhara and Afghanistan had discussed. In the studies of the second half of the 19th - the beginning of the 20th century, in particular, A. Vamberi, M.I. Venyukov, V.G. Grigorev, V.I. Masalskiy, M.A. Terentev, A.G. Serebrennikov. In the works of Logofet, Gubarevich-Radobilsky and others, information on trade relations between the Emirate of Bukhara and Afghanistan had examined, along with reports on socio-political and economic issues in the country.
In the context of an increasingly complex system of international relations, powerful states areи paying close attention to the factor of cultural diplomacy. After all, this factor becomes a solid criterion for mutually beneficial cooperation and stability. Cultural diplomacy not only contributes to the development and development of international relations, but also enhances trust and promising relations not only between states, but also between nations. In particular, countries such as Russia and China are trying to effectively use cultural diplomacy, taking into account historical experience. The cultural diplomacy of these countries in international affairs is aimed at restoring historical cultural ties with neighboring countries. It should be noted that the cultural diplomacy of Russia and China is carried out differently in each region or country and has a number of similar features. In this regard, cultural diplomacy between Russia and China with the Central Asian region, including Uzbekistan, is an important element of the soft power policy, but also plays a special role in the development of cultural cooperation between peoples. For the Republic of Uzbekistan, the experience of not only leading developed countries, but also Russia and China, the largest countries of the Eurasian region, is important for the Republic of Uzbekistan with a rich history of diplomacy, including cultural diplomacy. If they do not take into account their geopolitical position, their military-economic power, as well as their common history (with Russia) and their interests, Uzbekistan will not be able to build a foreign policy strategy with them in the geo-economic space. Countries such as Russia and China have long used cultural diplomacy as an important foreign policy mechanism, and this process continues today. Therefore, it is important to study the features and experience of the cultural diplomacy policy of the two countries. This article analyzes the diplomatic experience of China and Russia in international relations, in particular the similarities and differences between cultural diplomacy.
The present article aims to analyze relations between the republics of Uzbekistan and Turkey. The roots of cooperation between the two countries, being based on the principles of mutual friendship and brotherhood, go far into the past and play an important role in developing an effective strategic partnership. Issues and prospects for the development of mutually beneficial cooperation in the political, trade, economic, cultural and humanitarian spheres were also considered. In particular, it is noted that friendly relations between the leaders of the two countries give a great impetus to the development of mutual cooperation. Studying the achievements and experience of Turkey in the fields of economy, industry, textile industry and tourism, the implementation of mutually beneficial projects between entrepreneurs of the two countries will usher in a new stage in the development of cooperation. There are still unused opportunities for cooperation between the two countries in the fields of industry, agriculture, transport, science and education, healthcare and many others, which are equally beneficial for Uzbekistan and Turkey.
Врач общей практики играет ключевую роль в обеспечении взаимосвязи между поликлиникой и стационарном. Неправильная или неполная передача информации, отсутствие непосредственного контакта между врачом общей практики и врачом стационара, отсутствие стандартизации передачи пациента между поликлиникой и стационаром, проблемы в передаче медицинской документации, недостаточная вовлеченность пациента в лечебный процесс в стационаре и в поликлинике могут приводить к задержкам в лечении и повторным госпитализациям пациентов. Изучение мнений руководителей ЛПУ, проведение разъяснительной работы о сути реформ, объяснение путей и методов внедрение преемственности между стационарными и амбулаторно-поликническими учреждениями является одной из актуальных задач и напрямую может влиять на результаты проводимых реформ в системе здравоохранения.
The analytical article determines the formation of trends, the main directions, prerequisites and factors that influence on the Uzbek-Japanese cooperation. The condition and prospects of its development are also revealed. An analytical study based on a systematic approach, where Uzbek-Japanese cooperation is considered as interconnected elements of modern international relations. This approach allowed to perceive the internal laws of the development of international relations of the Asian continent in which Uzbekistan is the leading element in Central Asia and Japan in the East. The application of the logical-historical approach gave a chance to disclose the content, nature and of dynamics of development of bilateral relations. Depicted the condition and practical action, Japan's interests in expanding cooperation. Relations in the spheres of trade, economy, the cultural and humanitarian contribute to the transformation of Central Asia into a stable developed economic space. In order to achieve the goals and objectives, the author thoroughly analytically processed the facts, events, processes, as well as the speeches of leaders, politicians who have effect on bilateral relations between Uzbekistan and Japan. The content of agreements, treaties, memorandums signed between the two countries is analyzed. The results of an analytical study show that, firstly, Japan is a strategic partner of Uzbekistan. This determines the priority and role in the relationships. There exist historical bilateral ties which have geopolitical and geostrategic meanings in international relationships in the Asian region. Secondly, bilateral cooperation is developing gradually and growing into a new stable stage which contributing to the emergence of a new level of relationships. The effective use of untouched potential of Japan, which contribute to the social and economic development of Central Asian states, will further contribute to the integration of the region into the system of trade, economic and transport of the world. In addition, these processes require systematic and strategic researches that identify and determine the prospects for the development of bilateral and multilateral relationships between Uzbekistan and Japan.
All Humans were born in their family, they grow as a member of family. Family is considered as a place which has a bond to live together of relationship with man and wife, parents, children as well as siblings. Blood relation and relative by marriage are main part in attitude of society, In addition it can consist of their duties and aims. That kind of attitude among society is said kinship. And the words which are related to this are called kinship terms. These terms possess form of naming and address. This terms posses two types: address and naming which are differentiated in relationship. This article provides comparison between similarities and differences in the terms of kinship in Japanese and Uzbek languages. Direct and соllateral family ties from the ascending line (grandfather) to the descending line (grandson) are analyzed. The objective of this work is to identify answers to questions such as whether the meanings of kinship terms are uniquely suited in Japanese and Uzbek languages and whether relationship structures are similar or different. In this scientific article, the names of kinship relations in Japanese and Uzbek are systematized, their meanings and relations are determined. In Japanese and Uzbek languages, the name blood relationship is consistent but there are differences in relation. From the point of view of соllateral family kinship, it was found that there are differences in the name of the kinship, in both their meaning and attitude.
The article is devoted to the emergence and evolution of people's diplomacy in international relations. It focuses on the interpretation of international and interethnic friendly relations, the analysis of their stages of development. People's dip-lomacy is one of the important aspects in the development of international relations of each state. The term people's diplomacy has historically been a mechanism for developing friendly relations between nations and states from the time of its formation to the present. The first period of formation of the term people's diplomacy originated in the East, and in the 60s of the ХХth century, the term began to be widely used in international relations in the West. At the same time, the role of people's diplomacy is expanding and playing an important role in the development of international relations. People's diplomacy is an important part of foreign policy, ensuring the improvement of relations between nations, the promotion of the country's interests in the international arena and the creation of its positive image. People's diplomacy is also a way to influence the thoughts and behavior of the population of foreign countries. Today, people's diplomacy is clearly reflected in the lives of all developing countries. However, there are a number of problems related to the extent and purpose of their implementation, the level of ensuring friendly relations between peoples. Therefore, the article also discusses the issue of people's diplomacy in international relations, its formation and stages of development, its role in the international community. The attention paid to the development of people's diplomacy in the international arena in recent years, in particular, and the analysis of the work being done in this direction are also mentioned. The article also reveals the importance of people's diplomacy and its equal development of friendly relations between peoples.
The article gives a detailed analysis of the genesis of the relationship between the chambers of the National Parliament of Great Britain in the system of “check and balances”: the history of origin of the parliament and its constituent chambers, legislative and budget processes, the practice of applying the right of absolute and suspensive
veto, the powers of each chamber in adopting parliamentary acts, various bills, reforms in the sphere of parliamentarism development, as well as British parliamentary practice in overcoming differences between the chambers.
Recent translation studies include the reader, the system, the situation, the viewpoint of the target text and place them in the field of view. Nowadays not only a one-way translation tendency is used but in order to pay attention to the target text the direct translation research offers a new tendency of reexamination of the translation concept by the diversification. Sometimes when reading the target text one can feel insufficient like if something is missing there. For instance, a reader can notice that the target text does not include some important parts or the feelings while reading the original and the target text are different. The difference between the source text and the target text depends on the difference between cultures (countries, languages). Deviation of the translation is to be seen in both directions. The famous translator Anthony Pym (2010) says that the main purpose of any translation is communication. A good translator should not merely follow the source text since it is important for the reader to understand both texts. In other words, Pym shows a new direction to the translator. Intercultural difference can be a good starting point for a new text, a new language conception, new life. Translation must not be just equivalent to the source text. It also cannot ignore the difference between languages. Translation should give the knowledge of mistakes and help to avoid them. Language act during the translation is born through the translator’s prism and includes his knowledge for interpreting. That helps the translator to create a new text. This work devoted to the role of the author and the translator in the creation of a new text through interpretation. The author of this work stresses the translation of the memorial plate of the Navoi Theater into three languages: Uzbek, English, Japanese.
AIM: To analyze clinicofunctional and echobiometric indicators of the eyes in children with target refraction, pseudofacial myopia, and their mothers.
MATERIAL AND METHODS: In the eye department of the clinic of the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, a correlation analysis of optical and echobiometric indicators was conducted in 30 children (30 eyes) with artifakia and their mothers (60 eyes). Visiometry, keratorefractometry, and ultrasound examination (A/В scan of the eyeball) were conducted. Children were examined 12-14 months after CC extraction with intraocular lens (I0L) implantation.
RESULTS: A strong direct correlation was determined between the optical power of lOLs in children and their mothers who were theoretically planned for I0L implantation of lOLs in the group that has achieved target refraction. This may indicate the possibility that the child has the same optical power as the mother and the optical power of lOLs in a child is the same as that in adults. No correlation was found between the optical power of the I0L in the eyes of children with pseudophakic myopia and maternal artificial lenses theoretically planned for implantation.
CONCLUSION: The direct strong correlations between the optical power of the I0L of children and the lenses of their mothers in the group with the target refraction achieved by this age make it possible to use the optical power of maternal lenses as a “guideline" when calculating the power of the I0L implanted in children to achieve the target refraction. The lack of correlation between the refractive powers of the I0L in children with pseudophakic myopia and the lenses of mothers may indicate that the SRKII formula with age-related hypocorrection is not adapted to calculate the I0L power in children at risk of excessive refractive enhancement after surgery.
The social stability of any country depends on the degree to which the relationship between the state and religion is regulated. The relationship between the state and religious organizations is characterized by two criteria of relations. The first is that religion and religious institutions consist of a set of direct and indirect relations to the political system of the state and society. The second one reflects the opposite relationship, which is assessed by the ability of the state to influence the religious life of society, in particular, religious organizations. In interaction with religious organizations, the state will have special privileges. This privilege is evaluated by the fact that the state has the ability to ensure the effectiveness of the activities of religious organizations and that the implementation of the legislation on freedom of belief and the activities of religious organizations are under the control of state
Since the establishment of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan in 1992, the two countries, based on mutually beneficial cooperation and trust, have been developing friendly relations in various fields every year. In particular, the rise of Korea and Uzbekistan to the level of "Special Strategic Partnership" in 2019 was an important event in relations between the two countries. These achievements have not been achieved overnight, but are the result of the two countries ’trust, cooperation and efforts to support each other over the past 30 years. 2021 will mark the 30th anniversary of diplomatic relations between Korea and Uzbekistan. Since the establishment of diplomatic relations in 1992, diplomatic relations between the two countries have been growing in quantity and quality. Today, the presidents of Korea and Uzbekistan sometimes call each other "Aka-Uka" and sometimes describe each other as "true friends." Korea and Uzbekistan have become true brothers. Accordingly, Korea and Uzbekistan, which are actively developing diplomatic, economic, social, as well as health, cultural and labor exchanges as strategic partners for each other, will be a great synergy if they expand cooperation in the future and meet each other's needs and develop together. effect is expected to occur.
Цель этого обзора — представить имеющиеся данные в поддержку использования средств для ухода за зубами с высокой (> 1500 ppm) концентрацией фтора для профилактики и лечения кариеса у детей и подростков из групп высокого риска. Недавние данные из высококачественных систематических обзоров подтверждают взаимосвязь доза-реакция между профилактикой кариеса и уровнями фтора, а также есть убедительные доказательства из рандомизированных клинических испытаний в поддержку использования средств для ухода за зубами с высоким содержанием фтора. Требуются дальнейшие исследования в отношении использования таких продуктов на уровне населения или сообщества, и в настоящее время доказательства для средств для ухода за зубами, содержащих более 2900 частей на миллион, слабее, чем для тех, которые содержат 2800 частей на миллион или меньше.
Most of Adyla Yakubov's works have been translated into several languages of the world, including Turkish, as selected works of Uzbek literature. To date, the translations of some of the author's works have been studied from a scientific point of view, and the scientific study of the works is of current importance. As for the translations between the Uzbek and Turkish languages, which belong to the same language family, customs and national traditions are close to each other, the situation is changing significantly. It is no secret that apart from the advantages of translating between these two languages, there are some inconveniences and difficulties. The scientific problem posed in this article, devoted to the study of the issue of recreating portrait characteristics in literary translation between two closely related languages, will be considered on the example of the translation into Turkish of the novel "Address of Justice" by the outstanding Uzbek writer, master of literary word Adyl Yakubov. When choosing a research topic, it was taken into account that there are almost no scientific studies on topical issues of literary translation from Uzbek into Turkish in recent years, which, according to the requirements of the time, a colossal work has to be done in this direction. Determination of how portrait characteristics are recreated in translation will allow drawing informed conclusions about the quality, artistic value and aspects of the translator's skill. We hope that the conclusions drawn in this article will provide methodological support for future practical translation work.