Topicality and demand of the theme of dissertation. One of the actual problems of modern physical chemistry and macromolecular chemistry is the study on the development of the fundamentals of synthesis of functional polymers with ion-exchange and complexing properties.
Anion exchange and complexing compounds based fibrous materials have a high specific surface area, which provides a high possibility of sorption and desorption processes. They arc especially effective in removing toxic substances, even at very low content of the latter from the air and water pollution. Of particular interest is the acrylic fiber "Nitron", which is produced by JSC "Navoiazot" (Uzbekistan).
In the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry conducted research on the development of fibrous ion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" but they have not been brought to its logical end. In addition, when these studies neglected the study of the physicochemical aspects of the preparation of these materials.
In developing the fundamentals of ion exchange materials obtaining a lot of attention paid to the study of physical and chemical aspects of the synthesis and properties of these high-molecular compounds. These studies due to the fact that they allow you to adjust the processes of synthesis and, therefore, necessary to obtain polymers with required composition and with complex specific properties.
As noted above, to date, no attention was paid to the study of the physicochemical foundations of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons, due to applied research conducted to date in this field of research. In this regard, the study of physical and chemical principles of bases of creation, and the properties of anion exchangers and polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber "Nitron" arc actual both from a theoretical and practical point of view.
Demand perform of the dissertation is characterized by the fact that modern worldwide technology for extraction of non-ferrous and precious metals can not be realized without the use of ion-exchange materials. These techniques use mostly granular sorbents, while fibrous sorbents comprise just 2-3 % of the ion exchange materials used . Using technology employing ion exchange material from algae and natural brine deposits of oil and gas recovered to 90% of iodine and bromine, lodinc-containing sorbents arc used for disinfection of drinking water from microorganisms and extraction of mercury from wastewater and gas emissions. They can be used for concentrating the processing solutions and biologically active substances in the preparation of catalyst systems nanoparticles metals. It should also be noted that Uzbekistan hitherto not been established as industrial manufacture granular and fibrous sorbents, although such polymers arc widely used in industry.
The purpose of this study is to identify the physico- chemical characteristics of the formation and properties of anion exchangers polycomplcxons based on acrylic fiber " Nitron ".
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
in the first time studied the kinetics of the interaction of acrylic fiber "Nitron" with nitrogen-containing bases in aqueous and organic media;
shown that due to the high surface area fibers arc modifiable , the reaction rate depends on the concentration of the nitrile groups of the polymer being in the solid surface;
proved previously identified mechanism of the catalytic action of small amounts of hydroxylaminc on the process of modifying of fiber " Nitron " with nitrogen-containing bases;
in the first lime developed a method for producing anion exchangers branched structure by sequential treatment of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with cthylcncdiaminc and dichlorocthanc;
found that the interaction of PAN - fibers with hcxamcthylcnc- and ethylene diamines formed anion exchange fibrous materials having in its composition as a weakly basic and strongly basic functional groups ;
in the first time obtained new polycomplcxons with ampholytic properties by reacting maleic anhydride with amine -modified polyacrylonitrile fiber " Nitron " or by hydrolysis of residual of the nitrile groups modified with diamines of acrylic fiber "Nitron";
established values of the thermodynamic equilibrium constants of adsorption of ions Cr (VI), Си (II), halogens, Arsenazo (III) by synthesized anion exchangers and polycomplcxons and alteration in thermodynamic functions of the process testify to high sorption capacity of these ion-exchange materials with respect to the sorption ions;
Conclusion
1. Values degree reaction of the nitrile group and a nitrogenous base, the activation energy of the process shows that the process of modifying fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases subject to the usual regularities observed in homogeneous reactions. This effect is due to a high fiber surface area to be modified, allowing the reactants to facilitate access to the nitrile groups of the polymer. (Physical chemistry, High molecular compounds).
2. Kinetic studies of the reaction of acrylic fiber " Nitron " with diamine (hexamethylene and ethylenediamine) showed that the change of physical and chemical parameters of the modification process can be controlled sorption properties, chemical resistance and the strength of the anion exchangers due to network structure of the polymer. It has been established that this modification "Nitron" produces strongly basic anion character especially in organic media. Strongly basic anion exchangers possibility of obtaining a high sorption capacity with graft polycthylcnpolyaminc chain reactions revealed in fiber modification "Nitron " ethylenediamine in the presence of dichloroethane. (High molecular compounds, Physical chemistry ).
3. IR - spectroscopic and analytical determination of the formation of intermediate amidoxime groups in the polymer chains and free hydroxylaminc after substitution reaction proved previously proposed mechanism of the catalytic action of hydroxylaminc on the process of chemical modification of acrylic fiber " Nitron " nitrogen-containing bases . ( Physical Chemistry).
4. Developed conditions of synthesis polycomplcxons reacting maleic anhydride with modified by hcxamcthylcncdiaminc acrylic fiber "Nitron" and with of hydrolysis of residual nitrile groups modified by hcxamcthylcnc- and cthylcncdiamin of acrylic fibers . (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).
5. Alkalinity obtained anion exchange resins depends on the nature of their functional groups. Strongly basic anion exchangers have in their composition cyclic amidine groups and they arc formed by the reaction of polyacrylonitrile fiber with a diamine. The specific surface area obtained fibrous sorbents exceeds by two orders of known surface area granular ion exchange resins, and their crosslinking rate is up to 100 nodes per macromolecule polymer. ( Physical Chemistry )
6. Kinetics and thermodynamics of the sorption of various inorganic and organic ions obtained polycomplcxons sorbents showed that ions of Cr (VI), Arsenazo (111) can be sorbed strongly basic anion exchangers only, and the process of sorption of copper (II) with polycomplcxons occurs not only due to the ion exchange, but also due to chelation. ( Physical Chemistry ).
7. Developed the conditions obtaining bromide complexes of polymers and kinetics, thermodynamics of the sorption halogen anion in synthesized materials was studied. It is shown that the lower the stability of the ion [Bn]’ for ion [J3]'than the ability to form such molecular chlorine ions leads to the fact that almost no molecular chlorine is adsorption, and molecular bromine is absorbed to a lesser extent than the molecular iodine. (Physical Chemistry ).
8. Combined developed iodinated anion exchange materials based on acrylic fiber " Nitron " and chitosan. Insertion of the iodinc-containing chitosan materials, leads to an increase of absorbent capacity. Combined antibacterial dressings have a pronounced anti-inflammatory and antibacterial effect, arc effective for the treatment of necrotic soft tissue diseases. (High molecular compounds, Physical Chemistry).
Для модернизированной науки проблема формирования физической активности подрастающего поколения является особо значимой и неизменно находится в центре внимания общества и государства. Именно физической активность является одним из важнейших качеств личности, которое формируется в деятельности, отличающейся общественно- значимыми мотивами и дающей общественно ценный результат. Современное общество от мала до велика подвержено гиподинамии. Еще недавно медики констатировали, что широкое приобретение автомобилей ведет к малоподвижному образу жизни, но сегодня, угрозой являются мобильные телефоны, планшеты и другие гаджеты, которые заменяют и взрослым, и детям и общение, и активные игры.
Subject of the inquiry: 97 patients with ankylosing spondylitis, 20 healthy volunteers.
Aim of the inquiry: to assess metabolic activity of erythrocytes and peculiarities of fcrrokinctics in using Fhlogcnzymc in the complex therapy of patients with AS. Methods of research: functional-metabolic process erythrocytes and ferrokinctics (scrum iron, ferritin, saturation of transferrin with iron) lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system.
The results achieved and their novelty: For the first time purposeful complex study was conducted of metabolic process parameters in erythrocytes and fcrrokinctics, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system processes, Willebrand factor, atherogenicity in relation to the clinical course of the disease. Functional-metabolic disorders in erythrocytes in fcrrokinctics determined systemic changes in blood, with their extent associating with severity of the clinical course of AS. For the first time it was found that the use of Fhlogcnzymc in the complex treatment improved clinical course of the disease. The shortening of clinical recovery period was associated with normalization of parameters characterizing functional metabolic activity in crythrocytea and ferrokinctics. Systemic enzyme therapy was proved to increase the effect of conventional therapy by a directed improvement of functional metabolic processes in erythrocytes, energetic activity and ferrokinctics which allowed inclusion of systemic enzyme therapy preparations for hemic hypoxia in patients with AS.
Practical value: Use of Fhlogcnzymc in the complex treatment of AS increased the efficacy of therapy, decreased the rate of drug side-effects, allowed us to decrease the doses of basic preparations and non-stcroid anti-inflammatory. Changes of laboratory parameters in Fhlogcnzymc using included more significant decrease of acute phase indices, increase of hemoglobin and erythrocyte concentration in the peripheral blood.
Degree of inculcate and economic efficiency: conclusions and practical recommendations were introduced into the practice of departments of rheumatology, nephrology of the third clinic of the Tashkent Medical Academy and into teaching process of departments of faculty and hospital therapy, folk medicine, internal diseases of the stomatological faculty and clinical pharmacology of the Tashkent Medical Academy.
Sphere of usage: rheumatology, therapy.
Существует много людей, не только в нашей стране, но и во всём мире, которые страдают гиподинамией, то есть недостатком двигательной активности.
Изучить физическая реабилитация больных при аномалиях развития пояснично-крестцового отдела позвоночника.
In order to study the activity of fecal elastase in 108 preterm infants born at gestational
age from 22 to 32 weeks, stool samples were collected at the age of 13-14 days. Pancreatic
insufficiency was found in preterm infants born at gestational age from 22 to 28 weeks by the age of
2 weeks; in premature babies with a gestational age of 28–32 weeks, the values of full-term babies
are reached in the same age period of pancreatic elastase activity.The relationship between the
gestational age of newborns and the degree of pancreatic insufficiency has been established.
Fecal elastase activity was significantly lower than in children who received breast and mixed
feeding. The necessity of early replacement therapy in such newborns to prevent exocrine
pancreatic insufficiency is substantiated.
Subjects of the inquiry: 103 patients with rheumatoid arthritis, 20 healthy individuals.
Aim of the inquiry: To study therapeutic effect of low frequency physical factors on the cytokines and the processes of lipid peroxidation and to confirm scientifically the efficacy of their use based on the their effect on the clinical laboratory findings.
Methods of investigation: Clinical and laboratory investigations, immunological analyses of the blood scrum cytokine levels and synovial fluid, biochemical examinations of the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system indicators, phospholipase-A2 activity, nonspecific phosphatases and free oxyprolinc in the blood serum of patients.
The results achieved and their novelty: There was studied clinical efficacy of ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon during treatment and rehabilitation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis. It was proved that disbalance between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines as well as lipid peroxidation activation activity in the erythrocyte membranes and blood scrum destabilized cellular membrane structures, increase in phospholipase-A2 activity and, consequently, stimulating prostaglandines, inflammation mediators, synthesis. There was shown that complex therapy with inclusion of low frequency physical factors, particularly ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon, gave marked positive effect normalizing interrelation ship between inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines reducing activity of phospholipase-A2, lipid peroxidation products and rising the levels of antioxidant system indicators.
Practical value: There has been shown rationality of inclusion of the physical-pharmacological method ultraphonophoresis with benzketozon into clinical practice. The differential indicators developed for application of low-frequency physical methods of therapy for rehabilitation of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis allow prolongation of the remission, improvement of the patients life quality.
Degree of embed and economic effectivity: The practical recommendation and guidelines have been applied in the clinical practice of the out-patient special course of arthrological treatment in the Republican Rhcumatological Center, Clinical Hospital N 1, Central Hospital of Zangiota district of Tashkent province. Sphere of usage: Rheumatology, physiotherapy.