The aim of the research work is determination of the prospects for the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery on the basis of experimental and morphological studies.
Research objectives were white outbred rats in the amount of 62 individuals, in two experimental studies on the abdominal and pleural cavities, in each series of experiments the studies were carried out in 2 comparative groups, control and main. Experiments on the formation of adhesions in the abdominal and pleural cavities were carried out on the basis of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after acad. V.Vakhidov in the Department of Experimental Surgery for the period from 2019 to 2020.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the followings: it is proved according to the data of experimental research that when modeling the adhesion process in the abdominal cavity, the local application of an anti-adhesion coating made of cellulose derivatives reduces the processes of adhesiogenesis and the development of changes in architectonics, bends and narrowings of the intestinal lumen; it was found in an experimental study that when modeling the adhesion process in the chest cavity, the local use of an anti-adhesion implant provides a significant decrease in the risk of adhesiogenesis in the form of the formation of coarse adhesions or planar adhesions; it was determined that when blood serum was applied over a powder implant, the quality of adhesion and the uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the experimental defect of the peritoneum or lung did not change, but, in contrast to activation by blood (to ensure a hemostatic effect), it was not accompanied by the development of cellular inflammation due to the resorption of thrombotic masses; it was found that the formation of a gel film over the area of damage to the peritoneum in the absence of cellular elements of blood makes it possible to achieve biodegradation of the coating without a pronounced cellular-inflammatory reaction, providing cicatricial replacement of defects with a significant reduction in the risk of developing a massive adhesive process; the morphostructural features of the formation of the adhesive process when using an anti-adhesive coating, characterized by regression in the dynamics of the number of connective tissue cells of the inflammatory infiltrate with scarring of the defect zone without the development of adhesive conglomerates with the surrounding tissues, have been determined.
Introduction of the research results. According to the results of a scientific study on a comparative analysis of the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery: methodological recommendations were developed: "New technologies for the prevention of adhesions in thoraco-abdominal surgery" (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). The proposed recommendations for performing surgical interventions on the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities will allow for sparing local hemostasis, as well as prevent the formation of a coarse adhesive process in the abdominal cavity.
The obtained scientific results on a comparative analysis of the use of the domestic remedy for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery have been introduced into the practical activities of health care, including in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V.I. Academician V. Vakhidov, surgical departments of the clinics of the Andijan and Samarkand State Medical Institutes (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). Based on the proposed results of experimental studies, it was shown that the use of an anti-adhesive coating made of cellulose derivatives made it possible to reduce the risk of adhesion formation from 60% to 20%, bowel deformation without manifestations of obstruction from 33.3% to 13.3% and the possibility of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction from 6.7% to 0%.
Structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations and a list of cited literature. The volume of work is 113 pages.
The article analyzes information about word formation and its history. This article analyzes the linguistic module and algorithm, as well as its types from independent components of linguistic programs. The need for an algorithm based on the rules of compound word formation for the formation of a lexico-grammatical code is scientifically substantiated. The importance of language modules of a complex word in the formation of the linguistic base of the national corpus of the Uzbek language is emphasized.
This article provides information about some features of word formation according to the “ishtikak” method in modern Arabic, and especially attention is paid to the word formation methods, types and groups of “ishtikak”, as well as the reasoning of ancient and modern Arabic linguists according to “ishtikak”. “Ishtikak”is considered one of the lexical phenomena in the Arabic language, it serves to form words and enrich the language. Each types and group of “ishtikak” in its own way influences the formation of new words in the Arabic language and as a result of this influence, the words change either by meaning or by form. This study highlights the change in words within the framework of “ishtikak” and the question of the connection of these changes with external and internal factors. In teaching Arabic, the explanation of specific processes in the formation of new words and how words in a language change in terms of form and meaning with the help of clearly scientific examples helps to increase interest in this language and the effectiveness of education.
The article highlights the formation and ideological foundations of the political ideology of modern neoconservatism in the United States on the basis of the analysis of scientific literature. By the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries, the ideology of neoconservatism had a special place in the political life of the United States. In certain periods, the state had a significant influence on political decision-making. In particular, during the government of the Republican party in the United States, neoconservatism takes priority in the formation of domestic and foreign policy concepts. The ideology of neoconservatism of the United States is characterized by such characteristics as the promotion of democracy in the world, interference in political processes in different regions, the widespread use of military means in the system of global ideological processes. In particular, in the last decades, the foreign policy of the United States in different regions has become more neoconservative. The influence of neoconservatism ideologists on the formation of foreign political approaches aimed at the fight against terrorism and the decision-making of democratic values in states with authoritarian regimes was strong, and in the discourse of ideological-political processes, geo-ideological struggle in the Middle East region also demonstrated that neoconservatism has its influence. Research in the field of neoconservatism is carried out mainly by foreign research centers, scientific institutions and "think tanks". The main attention is paid to the evolution of the external political ideology of neoconservatism. The article analyzes the evolution of the formation of the ideology of neoconservatism in the USA, its impact on domestic and foreign policy processes as a political ideology, the development trend of the views of the founders of neoconservatism, the formation and institutionalization of the neo-conservative structures based on foreign studies, scientific literature, internet sources. The article also highlights the integrative features of the formation of ideological and theoretical foundations of the ideology of neoconservatism in the United States.
The current examination expects to analyze the concern that pedant occurrence in commanding of illuminate investigation compute, to uncover the motivation of the concern and to create arrangement proposals. Contextual investigation plan of subjective examination techniques was utilized in this exploration and it incorporates 41 volunteer pedant. Organized meeting structure was utilized in information assortment and the information were examined with content examination. It was discovered that the majority of the concern pedant occurrence in commanding of educating investigation compute were identified with understudies. They likewise had concern with study hall/course the board. In commanding of illuminate investigation cycles of the pedant, concern were identified with understudies, actual foundation, instructive framework and society/climate. It very well may be stated that a large portion of the concern can be settled if their motivation are resolved and taken care of. Likewise it is proposed that approaching pedant who are new to scholastic life need to follow the guidelines that incorporates understudy discipline guidelines and the understudies should be educated about the negative practices and their results toward the start of the term.
At the present stage, issues of Uzbek identity are a necessary component for studying the history of the formation of Uzbek national identity. However, this question is unreasonably left out of sight of local ethnologists. But the existing studies cannot reveal the full picture of Uzbek identity. This article is an attempt to show the way of the formation of Uzbek identity, its features, stages of formation, the methodology used. On the basis of English-language materials, first of all, the methodology used is disclosed, and how this foreign methodology revealed or failed to reveal some features of the development of Uzbek identity. In identity studies, it is important to understand and feel the "boundary" of identity. Because, without knowing the boundaries of a certain category of identity, a researcher can mix unwittingly artificially something that really cannot be mixed. In this regard, we tried to give some methodological concepts that will help determine the elusive edge of identity, which is so important for the implementation of a comprehensive analysis. Historiography of literature shows that foreign methodology differs significantly from local, and many aspects of the formation of Uzbeks' identity are revealed from a different angle. Some researchers put forward any point of view that unwittingly form an artificial construction and try to put into this construction a formula for the emergence of Uzbek identity. It leads to a clouding of the understanding of “what is Uzbek identity” and complicates the crystallization of its borders. Also in the article the author tried to divide into categories the various authors’ accordings to their principle of posing and analyzing the question posed. Tracing the path of development of Uzbek identity, the main stages of this development were identified and their chronological framework was identified. This will allow the reader to trace clearly the paths and stages of the formation of modern Uzbek identity. The analysis revealed the main shortcomings in the methodology, in studying and comparing the results with local data. In the final part, general and specific features relating to foreign studies were highlighted. Several proposals were developed to break down existing barriers and improve interdisciplinary relationships. On the basis of the analysis, the author comes to the conclusion that the creation of a single national state was the impetus for the formation of Uzbeks as a nation. However, the roots of the national identity of Uzbekistan precede the revolution and are not Soviet.
Object of research: formation process of elements of graphic literacy at children of the senior and preparatory groups of children's preschool institutions.
The purpose of work: to develop pedagogical system to the doctrine of elements of graphic literacy of senior and preparatory groups pupils.
Methods of research: the theoretical analysis, individual, group oral and written conversations, questioning, experiment, innovative and interactive methods, the mathematic -statistical analysis.
Novelty of research: the problem formation of elements of graphic literacy at children of the senior preschool age is first developed in a scientific way by proceeding and opening features of Uzbekistan. The theoretical and practical basis, pedagogical system and system of problems tasks included into it is developed; scientifically proved technique of elements formation of graphic literacy at children of the senior preschool age is developed.
Network of introduction and economic efficiency: the point of research and pedagogical system developed on ins basis, methodical recommendations and workbooks’ will help teachers and chiefs of graphic activity courses in formation of graphic literacy elements at children.
The practical importance: an essence research and on the basis of it’s the developed pedagogical system, methodical recommendations and the grant will help teachers and heads of a circle on graphic activity in formation at children of elements of graphic activity. Ideas stated in disscrtational work is possible to use in teaching lessons of graphic activity in pedagogical High schools and colleges. Proceeding from conclusions the developed methodical recommendations will help to organize and increase the efficiency of lessons of graphic activity.
Scope: conclusions and the basic ideas of the dissertation can be used at faculties of preschool education of High schools, professional colleges whey teaching «Pedagogics of preschool age", at the organization of lessons heat arc included into the in that arc included into the group of graphic activity in children's preschool institutions.
Object of research: formation process of elements of graphic literacy at children of the senior and preparatory groups of children's preschool institutions.
The purpose of work: to develop pedagogical system to the doctrine of elements of graphic literacy of senior and preparatory groups pupils.
Methods of research: the theoretical analysis, individual, group oral and written conversations, questioning, experiment, innovative and interactive methods, the mathematic -statistical analysis.
Novelty of research: the problem formation of elements of graphic literacy at children of the senior preschool age is first developed in a scientific way by proceeding and opening features of Uzbekistan. The theoretical and practical basis, pedagogical system and system of problems tasks included into it is developed; scientifically proved technique of elements formation of graphic literacy at children of the senior preschool age is developed.
Network of introduction and economic efficiency: the point of research and pedagogical system developed on ins basis, methodical recommendations and workbooks’ will help teachers and chiefs of graphic activity courses in formation of graphic literacy elements at children.
The practical importance: an essence research and on the basis of it’s the developed pedagogical system, methodical recommendations and the grant will help teachers and heads of a circle on graphic activity in formation at children of elements of graphic activity. Ideas stated in dissertational work is possible to use in teaching lessons of graphic activity in pedagogical High schools and colleges. Proceeding from conclusions the developed methodical recommendations will help to organize and increase the efficiency of lessons of graphic activity.
Scope: conclusions and the basic ideas of the dissertation can be used at faculties of preschool education of High schools, professional colleges whey teaching «Pedagogics of preschool age", at the organization of lessons heat are included into the in that are included into the group of graphic activity in children's preschool institutions.
In the scientific article is considered formation of methodological base and philosophical categories within the Chinese cultural tradition. The importance of a subject of a research is determined by dynamics of development of the modern global world, integration processes, growth of interaction and cooperation of the different countries and regions, strengthening of the principles of the open world, expansion of dialogue – communicative space. Special value in this situation is got by revival of such methodological approaches as a holism, the hologram, synergetic which ideological sources were put in Ancient Chinese philosophy. Research objective and degree of study of a problem. The purpose consist in system justification of features of formation and development of methodological base, a categorical conceptual framework of the Chinese philosophy, its theoretical and practical importance for formation of outlook and a way of life of society. Correlative and associative thinking found the reflection in works M. Grana, D. Bode, J. Nidem, U.L. Crolles; classification schemes of a methodological fundamentals of the Chinese philosophy are investigated in A.M. Kara-petyants, A.I. Kobzev; fundamental onto-methodological aspects of categories are analyzed in E.N. Torchinov, A.I. Kobzev's scientific works. For achievement of the goal the following tasks were set: in the context of the principles of historicism and continuity to consider formation and development of methodological base of the Chinese philosophy; to carry out the comparative analysis of methodological, world outlook fundamentals of antique and Chinese philosophies; to open a role of correlative thinking and numerology in informative process; to prove commitment of the European culture causal, and China correlation to thinking types to thinking; to disclose the cosmological and ontological nature of categories Wen, Tsi and to show their role in the Chinese culture; to determine anthropological, pan-ethical and esthetic parameters of understanding of Space, to reveal influence reanimated holistic, synergetic, the idea on development of a modern philosophical and methodological thought. For achievement of the scientific purpose and the solution of objectives the analysis, synthesis, the historical and theoretical analysis, comparative-historical, philosophical and hermeneutical and ideographic methods were used. As a result of the conducted research within socio-historical approach evolution of methodological norms, categories and concepts of the Chinese philosophy was tracked. Characteristic of causal, holistic, hologram and correlative approaches is given. Basic categories of the Chinese philosophy in the context of formation of methodology are considered: the numerology, Wen, Qi, Dao, space, influence response is also shown their role in development of modern philosophy and methodology of science. In the context of traditional Chinese representations elements of a synergetic paradigm are revealed, and their importance for formation of new outlook is also shown.
The article is devoted to the study of the method of word formation in modern Chinese using the «族zú» affix. It is known that the lexical stock of a language is constantly replenished due to the internal capabilities of the language and extracted from a foreign language. Of course, Chinese is no exception. Which method is the most effective for a language, depends on a number of features of the language. In Chinese, affixing is the second most productive after word addition. Like the vocabulary of a language, its morphemic units are constantly replenished. In addition to the trend observed in world linguistics, the affix method is becoming more and more active in word formation in the Chinese language, therefore the number of affix units in the language is also increasing. One of the affixes that plays an important role in the construction of modern Chinese neologisms is 族 zú, which participates in the construction of a number of new words in the Chinese language. Most of these words refer to a noun and serve to denote a social group that has a specific character. Words formed with the participation of 族 zú are more involved in the formation of words that are applied to a specific group of people in accordance with their social status or role in social life. But, in our opinion, 族 zú is not a full affix unit, but a semi-affix. Therefore, when words are formed with the participation of, zú, it does not completely lose its original meaning, the meaning of a group or community. Like the vocabulary of a language, its morphemic units are constantly replenished. In addition to the trend observed in world linguistics, the method of affixation in the Chinese language is becoming more and more active in word formation, therefore the number of affix units present in the language is also increasing.
This scientific article expounds analytical thoughts that in the first decades of the twenty-first century the level of global problems related to the security of mankind has increased many times over, the reasons for this phenomenon are also stated, including the inconsistency of the formation of a new world order, the difficulties of democratization. Conclusions are drawn about new false barriers to the formation of new international relations. The article focuses on the significance of the 75th anniversary session of the General Assembly of the United Nations and new conceptual ideas that were voiced in the speech of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Sh.Mirziyoyev. The author concludes that the constructive ideas and initiatives put forward in the speech of the President of our country will be of great importance in the formation of a fair international system, and at the same time, the institutional capacities and effectiveness of the UN will increase. The article concludes that as a result of the implementation of the new ideas put forward, the recommendations of the head of our state under the auspices of the UN, a very large number of problems facing humanity will find their positive solution, as a result, new conditions will appear for the formation of a modern, fair, democratic world order. The article emphasizes that the new ideas put forward by the President of our country, in their essence, are aimed at updating the world order. In this regard, our President calls for an increase in common responsibility, as well as strengthening the democratic approaches of the world community to address these challenges. Therefore, the author believes that the initiatives of our head of state have a very positive meaning for all peoples of the world. The scientific article emphasizes that the proposal of the head of the country to increase the role of national parliaments is also of historical importance. In this regard, as noted in the article, the initiative of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the adoption by the UN of a special decision to enhance the role of parliaments is extremely important for the formation of modern foundations for the development of parliamentary diplomacy. Also, the article pays special attention to the historical role and significance of the new initiatives of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan for the peaceful solution of the problem of Afghanistan. The article concludes that these fundamentally new, effective initiatives to solve the Afghan problem will contribute to a thorough solution to all the contradictions that exist in modern Afghanistan.
In the article, the importance of using effective innovative technologies for the formation of environmental competence of students and organization of the environmental education process, pedagogical experience of developing environmental competence of students, components of environmental competence of students, stages of means and forms of development of environmental competence of students, five main components in the technology of development of ecological competence, ecological competence the general goal of formation is defined as the carrier of ecocentric type of ecological consciousness, the meaning of ecological values and ecological activities, ecological thinking, ecological thinking, the creation of pedagogical conditions for the formation of an ecologically clean person, ecological culture, general natural principles of development in its formation, ecological knowledge, formed value -motivational relations, issues of comprehensive effective education aimed at the implementation of ecological activities for the preservation of the socio-natural environment based on specific characteristics are covered in detail.
In this article, the word structure in English linguistics, Grammatical formation and types of word formation are discussed.
The article gives a comparative analysis of the Charter of terminological organizations in the Persian and Uzbek languages, as well as its principles. It is well known that in accordance with theoretical and scientific views, as well as the recommendations of the world terminology of Vienna, Prague and Russian terminology schools, an international standard has been established, which is an instruction for all languages in general linguistics. Prior to this, a number of standardization associations were created, including in 1926 the ISA (International Association for Standardization) - the "International Association for Standardization", in 1931 in Europe the British Standard Institution - the British Institute of Standardization, and in 1946 the ISO ( International Organization for Standardization). And in Iran at different periods were established three language academy to preserve the purity of the language. The third academy, that is, the last of them, is the “Academy of Persian Language and Literature”, which was founded in 1991 and has its own Instruction. At the same time, "Atamakom" started its activities in the Uzbek language, and completed it in the short term. The article presents an analysis of the International Terminological Organization Standard - ISO 704, which was created at the school of world terminology, as well as the influence of its principles on term formation on the rules of term formation in the Persian and Uzbek languages, different and similar sides of each. In addition, some paragraphs of the Charter of the "Academy of the Persian Language" were compared and analyzed by the relevant paragraphs of the terminology of the Uzbek "Atamakom". The main goal of the article is to analyze the provision of terms for borrowing by terminological organizations that were founded for the formation of terms in the Persian and Uzbek languages, as well as compare and study the Statutes for the formation of new terms, to look at the correspondence of the clauses of the Standard of the International Terminological Organization ISO 704. As a result of comparisons of theories a number of proposals for the creation of terms in the Uzbek language are presented.
This paper aimed to explore derivational affixes, more specifically the types of derivational affixes and the functions of the derivational affixes in the story of Winter Break, which was written by Hilary Mantel. The exploration of the affixes is important to conduct because it would assist learners of English in enriching their vocabulary items. This study was quantitative descriptive. The researchers collected complex words from the story and analyzed their derivational affixes. Results showed that there existed 54 occurrences of words containing derivational affixes. 3 of the 54 words contained 3 types of prefixes, namely in-, un-, pre-, and the remaining 51 words contained 20 suffixes such as -er, -ed, -y, -ly, -ion, -hood, -ment, -al, -ing, -tion, -ish, -ness, -ous, -ity, -ful, -ary, -age, -cal, -less, -able.
Four functions of derivational affixes were identified in the short story of Winter Break, namely, noun formation with 16 occurrences (29.6%), adjective formation with 24 occurrences (44.4%), adverb formation with 13 occurrences (24.1) and verb formation with only 1 occurrence (1.9%). Because the Winter Break narrative uses a lot of noun descriptions, which means that adjectives are employed to modify nouns, the adjective construction occurred the most frequently. The verb formation is the least common as the majority of the verbs in the Winter Break story are past tense; as a result, these verbs are categorized as inflectional affixes rather than derivational verbs, which is beyond the purview of this study.
Textile industry wastewater contains various pollutants that require effective treatment before discharge. Aerobic biogranules have shown promise as a sustainable and efficient solution for wastewater treatment. This study investigates the effect of a static mixer on aerobic biogranules formation for textile industry wastewater treatment. The static mixer is introduced in the wastewater treatment process to enhance mixing and promote the formation of aerobic biogranules, which are dense microbial aggregates capable of degrading organic pollutants. Laboratory-scale experiments are conducted to compare the performance of aerobic bioreactors with and without the static mixer. Parameters such as pollutant removal efficiency, biogranule characteristics, and system stability are evaluated. The results demonstrate that the use of a static mixer significantly enhances the formation of aerobic biogranules, leading to improved wastewater treatment performance. The findings of this study contribute to the understanding of the role of mixing in aerobic biogranule formation and provide insights for the optimization of textile industry wastewater treatment processes.
In the article, the professional and personal formation of future teachers studying in pedagogical universities, the main factors necessary in the professional formation of a future teacher, pedagogical conditions, the formation of individual psychological characteristics, fully responsive to the requirements of the reforms implemented in society, resistant to competition in the production sector, the formation of a person who can adapt to sudden changes, as well as effectively functioning at the level of the requirements for the qualifications of specialists in the labor market, the practical direction of professional and pedagogical education, the fundamental reforms implemented in the education system, the selection of a unique socio-political and economic development path in society, as well as global education the issues of formation of continuous education system conforming to the standards are explained.