In the modern world, along with the processes of globalization, the increasing permeability of the integration and communication processes of the post-industrial society, the problem of studying such a universal as national identity is growing. Global changes are accompanied by the separation of cultures and peoples, an increase in the negative impact on national identity, which causes the desire for cultural self-affirmation, the desire to preserve national values and state interests. Due to the threat of disappearance of the identity of the people, it becomes necessary to search for an updated approach to the preservation and representation of national identity. In this regard, there is a growing need for philosophical and methodological research aimed at identifying the features of national identity. The scientific article examines the formation of the methodological base and philosophical categories within the cultural tradition of the Japanese and Uzbek peoples. The significance of the research topic is determined by the dynamics of the development of the modern global world, integration processes, the growth of interaction and cooperation between different countries and regions, in such conditions, a rapid transformation of national identity is taking place.
The scientific conception of the article is founded on the literary interpretation of the original essence of literature through national spirit and national literary-aesthetic thought as a core dimension in assessing a certain writer’s work. It is put on the agenda that it is necessary to analyze theoretically and scientifically the best selected samples of each nation’s literature in the world from the point of view of national spirit regardless of what language the work was created by. In Uzbek literature of the XX century the work “Bygone Days” by Abdulla Qodiri was analyzed as a novel to meet this dimension.
According to the author’s opinion the national spirit in the work “Bygone Days” displays itself on the bases of the following three principles: 1) interpretation of specific customs, traditions, values, nation’s dreams and expectations endowing the national spirit; 2) expression of the competence to assess critically the nation itself; 3) poetic embodiment of courageous faith peculiar to national personalities in the work. In its turn, out of these principles, the first one presents nation’s morality, the second - its will, the third – its faith, and these three angles make the national spirit as a whole unit. It was discovered that the expression of the national spirit and literary skill were harmonized uttermost.
At the end of the article the research results were theoretically generalized
This study assessed the relationship between farmers and herders, causes of conflict among farmers and cattle rustlers in Bodinga Local Government Area of Sokoto State Nigeria. Also the study determined the prevalence of conflict among cattle rustlers and farmers in Bodinga local government area, and divulged the consequences of conflict between cattle rustlers and farmers in Bodinga local government area using a sample size of 300 respondents drawn using Raosoft sample size calculator. This is done with the margin of error of 5% and 95% degree of confidence. Similarly, a stratified sampling methods applied. Hence questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents and the data were analyzed using tables, frequencies and percentages in an SPSS. Also chi-square was used to test the hypothesis. The study found that persistent economic hardship (53.0%) is the main cause conflict among cattle rustlers and farmers in Bodinga Local government; cattle rustlers conflict prevails in Bodinga Local Government Area (also 73.3% responded yes, that cattle rustlers are always violent). Likewise, the study found that hardship in supply/delivery of basic amenities (45.0%) is a consequence of conflict between the cattle rustlers and farmers in Bodinga local government area. Thus, resultantly, the study recommends among others that government should extensively bring empowerment programs that will create employment for the people in Bodinga Local government area as the causes of the conflict is as a result of persistence economic hardship. Also the community should set up a vigilante groups that will monitor people moving in and out of the local government.
The scientific concept of the article is that the national literary-aesthetic thinking is of primary criterion in evaluating a writer’s work and the essence of literature is determined by the artistic interpretation of the national spirit. The best examples of folk literature in the world, regardless of the language in which it is written, is on the agenda as a question number one to be analyzed scientifically in terms of the expression of the national spirit. Abdulla Kadiri’s novel “Days Gone By” has been analyzed in twentiethcentury Uzbek literature as a work that can meet this criterion.
According to the author, the national spirit is reflected in the novel “Days Gone By” on the basis of the following three principles: 1) the interpretation of specific customs, traditions, values, dreams and aspirations of the nation, embodying the spirit of the nation; 2) an expression of the nation’s potential to look at itself in a critical spirit; 3) poetic depiction of fixed beliefs inherent in national personalities in the play. In turn, the first of these principles embodies the morals of the nation, the second - the will, and the third - the beliefs, and this trinity forms the national spirit as a whole.
At the end of the article, the research results are theoretically summarized.
In Africa, the prevalence of violent conflict and uncertainty is evident. Since the continent is primarily prone to conflict and has hosted more than one-third of all international armed conflicts in recent years, armed conflicts have become a regular occurrence in Africa. Most concerning and troubling is the resurgence of conflict in Africa following the Cold War. In spite of these difficulties and threats posed by conflict in the region, there is little or no consistent strategy for developing or enforcing appropriate policies for the prevention and management of these conflicts on the continent. As a result, the purpose of this study is to investigate these significant issues in order to offer a potential and long-lasting solution. Secondary data were used in the research, which was qualitatively analyzed. The root causes of uncertainty and conflict were made clear. The paper also made the observation that proper institutions for conflict prevention, management, and resolution on the continent are crucial to the possibility of achieving Agenda 2063 of the African Union. Because APSA and AGA share similar visions and goals, the paper suggests, among other things, that efforts should be intensified to harmonize the African strategy on the good governance agenda. While AGA emphasizes the comprehensive requirements of good governance, APSA emphasizes the instruments for effective conflict management, resolution, and, consequently, peacebuilding in the region. As a result, collaboration between the two is essential because it will guarantee a path to the Acquirement as well as the desired calm, certainty, and development on Africa's continent.
Conceptual Field tests were attempted on sandy soils with three trimming frameworks at India for a very long time during 2011-2013. The trials were executed in split plot plan by relegating h2o dissolvable phosphorus composts in primary plot and suggest ed portion of phosphorus in sub-plot with three replications. The most extreme practical yield of rice, child corn and Chickpea were recorded with the utilization of . The most extreme efficient yield of progressive harvests - wheat, mustard and groundnut were recorded with the application of treatment. Practically comparable patterns were seen as far as side-reaction yield, supplement take-up and leftover soil richness status. Every one of the degrees of in compound manures were discovered to be similarly successful for grain yield, straw yield, supplement take-up, and leftover soil richness.
The ideological basis for the formation of the worldview of Mahatma Gandhi is based on the ideas put forward by his predecessors. If we consider this period from a theoretical and ideological point of view, then one of the most important aspects of the doctrine inherent in the Indian national liberation movement is its religious content. In the process of the Indian national liberation movement, the task of modernizing and adapting religious and philosophical teachings to the demands of the movement with the aim of adapting them to current political problems was especially urgent. Issues of social inequality, casteism and national unity were examined. The first national enlightened thinker of India was Ram Mohan Roy, who played an important role in the birth of the
national liberation movement in India. Dadabhai Naroji, one of the national thinkers of the second half of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, demanded the participation of Indians in the government and emphasized the need to create an Indian state as an Indian nation. Bonkimchondro Chottopaddhai believed that the main obstacle to the development of the country was the lack of common interests among the upper and lower layers of the population. The philosophical aspects of Hinduism were reflected in the views of Swama Vivekanda, who promoted the idea of a common religion. Bal Gangadhar Tilak condemned the vices of poverty. Rabindranath Tagore called rural society "the support and mother of the people." The ideas put forward by these thinkers prompted Mahatama Gandhi to come to the forefront of the national liberation movement, forming the basis of his socio-ideological views.
Every nation has national values that have lived on for centuriesin the world. The upbringing of the younger generation is based on undoubted, national and universal values.It is in a society where national and universal values are valued that the socio-political environment is sufficiently formed to develop civic institutions, in which public opinion on a particular issue is formed on the basis of these values. serves to strengthen solidarity. We all know that the attitude to the national spirituality, which reflects the worldview and way of life of the nation and the people, its development on the basis of modern requirements, changing the worldview and thinking of young people requires deep and thorough thinking. In order to do the right thing in this regard, it is necessary to clearly explain to young people what the national cadre is. Of course, the main criterion is that we value the ideas and concepts that have passed the test of history, our national interests, today's and tomorrow's dreams and aspirations, fully meet the requirements of development, and become more and more valuable over the years. National value is the fruit of national consciousness and thinking.
Conflict of interest is an urgent problem in the field of education, both in the USA and in Europe, and even in the countries of Central Asia. The article presents an overview and analysis of research by scientists who have dealt with the problem of conflict of interest in education. The opinions of David Cohen, Meredith Hutcher, John McMillan and Rebecca Fry on the emergence and management of conflicts of interest in universities were considered. Based on the research results, methods of conflict of interest management at universities were proposed. The article also contains an overview of cases of conflict of interest at universities in the USA and Europe in the period from 2010 to 2022. The results of the study show that the problem of conflict of interest in universities is serious and requires attention from scientists and university leaders. Moreover, effective management of conflicts of interest can reduce financial losses of universities and improve the quality of education.
This article studies the problems of re-creation national originality in litrerary translation of outstanding state figure and well-known Uzbek writer Sharaf Rashidov in example of novel “G‘oliblar” (Winners). The article gives exact examples concerning to national specific words, and others lexical units, which is represents national specifics feauters of the novel. And there comes discourse about role and function of translation of national specific words.
The article analyzes the concepts of national identity. The value-gnoseological approach to the study of features of national identity in the era of globalization was analyzed in detail. Characterize the essence of the concept of national identity in the context of the processes of globalization.
The works of Abdullah Kadiri, who have attracted the attention of local and foreign readers interested in Uzbek literature for nearly hundred years, have been translated into dozens of world languages, including Turkish. This article analyzes the Turkish translation of the novel “Days gone by” (“O‘tkan Kunlar” – “Ötgen Künler (Geçmiş Günler)”). It deals with the degree of recreation of the national identity of the original in translation. From the point of view of comparison, the author also turns to the Russian translation of the novel “Days gone by”. In the article, the author gives his assessment of the work of the Turkish translator, who had to deeply understand the subtleties of the meaning of each word of the original, the culture and national identity of the Uzbek people. The author’s proposals and conclusions made during the study show not only the achievements of the translator, but also indicate some controversial points in the translation of the novel by an outstanding Uzbek writer. As it is known, in translation studies there are a lot of questions related to the transfer of elements reflecting the national indentity of the original in literary translation. When translating the novel “Days gone by”, which can be called with confidence the gallery of Uzbek national specific words, the translator should have the same talent and abilities as the author. However, its achieving is not an easy task. This can be seen in the example of translations of national specifications that reflect the national identity, culture and social life, traditions and customs, spirituality and worldview of the Uzbek people. After all, the translation of national specific words requires a special approach from the translator. It is impossible to single out such words among thousands of words and simply translate into another language. However, the fact that the Uzbek and Turkish languages belong to the same language family, and that many words have the same form and meaning in both languages, allowed the translator to translate the text without difficulty. However, despite this, the Turkish translator had to pay special attention to the fact that such words were not false equivalents, and had to study in depth the etymology of such words. This article emphasizes this aspect of the question.
In this article, socio-cultural factors that play an important role in the development and development of society, as well as in the development of the individual, forming the national mentality that reflects the national characteristics of the nation, the mechanism of influence of these factors on the national mentality, the Uzbek national specific aspects of his mentality are philosophically analyzed. In addition, in the article, the author focuses on geographical conditions from the factors that form the national mentality.
This article deals with the experience of translating historical novels in translation studies. It is also devoted to current and important problems of the theory and practice of translation of historical novels in translation studies today. The process of translating historical novels in translation studies is explained on the basis of examples of educational, political, ideological and aesthetic significance. It says that the translation of historical novels into foreign languages is important in promoting the national values of the
people to the world. The article also discusses the role of the experience of world translation schools in the translation of historical novels in translation studies, as well as a comparative analysis of the specific methods of the Uzbek National School of translation studies and world translation schools. It is emphasized that the translation of historical novels, unlike works of other genres, is important as works of high artistic expression, which clearly show the history, values, spiritual world and national spirit of the people. The main condition for achieving adequacy in the translation of historical novels is the transfer of artistic originality of the original, its national characteristics and the ability to fully reflect the individual creative style of the author. It also considers the successes and shortcomings of direct or indirect translation from one language to another. Of course, in the direct translations of historical novels, special attention is paid to the fact that the mastery of the translator is the primary task in restoring the artistry of the work. Also, the genesis of translation of Uzbek historical
novels, methods of translation, especially the problem of style in translation into English and
the peculiarities of working on the translation of historical works are studied on a scientific
basis. In this regard, scientific and practical recommendations have been given today, taking
into account the experimental trends of the world schools of translation, to improve the mechanisms of action for the formation of professional competence in the practice of translating historical novels.
This article reveals the scientific and philosophical aspects of the stability of society in the positive aspects of the spiritual and moral factors of the National idea to social development. Spiritual and moral factors are based on the fact that at a new stage of the development of our society, a person is the skills necessary for a new life, accompanied by a change in the spiritual worldview. The awareness of the national identity in society, the formation of national feelings-a substantive feature of the National idea: the fact that it is from the conditions of stability is scientifically based.
This article presents an advanced reflective model for developing a conflict management culture among general education school students. The model encompasses conceptual, organizational-technological, and analytic-correctional blocks that illustrate the purpose, content, methods, and stages of developing students' conflict management culture and socialization outcomes. The technology based on this model includes a nomenclature of goals and objectives for shaping and developing conflict management culture, a diagnostic tool system for monitoring the development of conflict management culture, and pedagogical tools and conditions to ensure the successful implementation.