Целью этого национального исследования было определение распространенности кариеса, опыта кариеса и индекса значительного кариеса (SiC) у 12-летних детей в Узбекистане.
В последнее время бисфосфонатная терапия широко используются в медицинской практике в качестве антирезорбтивных агентов благодаря их антиостеоклатическому действию.
The emergence of the concept of the civil state dates back to the era of the Industrial Revolution in the middle of the eighteenth century, and even now the concept still raises a lot of controversy and differences in views, as some see that the civil state is the opposite of the religious state, while others say that the civil state is not against religion. Rather, it is the opposite of the authoritarian state, regardless of its religious, military, tribal, or sectarian form, and it was a reaction to the tyrannical experience of the Catholic Church in the Middle Ages. Therefore, it is not correct to project the experience of the Catholic Church and its tyrannical behaviors in Europe onto Islamic law, and Islam does not aim to Building power or a theocratic state.
We can say that the religious authority represented by Sayyed Ali al-Sistani, after the year 2003, called for, in its directives, positions and responses, the building of a civil state in Iraq, a state of constitution, law, freedoms, the supremacy of the popular will, and the strengthening of the spirit of citizenship, and although Sayyed al-Sistani did not use the description of the civil state categorically, But the form he wanted for Iraq was completely similar to the concept of a civil state.
В последние несколько месяцев 2022 года число заболевших острыми респираторными инфекциями (ОРИ) детей значительно выросло. В этот период все койки в ДГКБ св. Владимира были перепрофилированы для работы с пациентами с диагнозом ОРИ. На основании данных ПЦР диагностики (мазок из носоглотки), проводившейся всем поступающим в ДКГБ св. Владимира детям, в большом числе случаев стало возможным
установить этиологическую природу заболевания.
Интерстициальные заболевания легких (ИЗЛ) у детей раннего возраста часто скрываются под маской пневмонии, бронхиолита, что приводит к поздней диагностике, длительным курсам антибактериальной
терапии и терапии системными стероидами. Для детского ИЗЛ синдрома характерны персистирующее тахипноэ, одышка, кашель, мелкопузырчатые хрипы, гипоксемия, интерстициальные изменения по типу «матового стекла» на КТ легких [1]. Среди детских ИЗЛ особое место занимает заболевание с неустановленной этиологией – нейроэндокринная клеточная гиперплазия младенцев (НЭКГМ). Для этого заболевания характерно сочетание ИЗЛ синдрома и гиперплазии бомбезин-позитивных нейроэндокринных клеток периферических дыхательных путей в биоптате легких [2]. Генетические нарушения метаболизма белков сурфактанта составляют 10% от всех детских ИЗЛ. При наличии мутации генов SFTPC и SFTPА1 респираторных симптомов при рождении может не быть, но позже развивается ИЗЛ, кислородозависимость и необходимость проведения трансплантации легких [3].
Остеонекроз челюсти на фоне приема остеотропных материалов - серьезное побочное явление, связанное с высокими кумулятивными дозами таких препаратов как бисфосфонаты или моноклональные антитела. Остеонекроз клинически проявляется в виде обнаженного участка кости, сохраняющегося более 8 недель [1].
The research work was conducted to find out on the adopting of managerial marketing strategies to revive the declining position of industries in the state, The study will help Borno state industries to identify the marketing style/ marketing strategies on day to day activities on managing it industries in the state the research also reveal that the marketing strategies and marketing logic that will be use to attract more prospective customers to patronize Borno state industries goods , Base on the finding, it was reveal that Borno state government need to invest a higher amount of money to boost the economic standard of state, create more job opportunity to the teeming youth of state, and also attract foreign direct investors for the survival of the industries of the state, all the industries need to adopt PS of marketing mix programme, marketing segmentation, packaging branding vertical marketing system and horizontal marketing system, price of product fixing policy, distribution channels, method of advertising channels product life cycles stages and the rest. Borno state industries to move out of these economic recession all the industries most adopts managerial marketing strategies for the revival of Borno industries.
This study on adopting smart devices in teaching for the acquisition of 21st century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon had as objective to find out the extent to which the use of smart devices in teaching can enhance the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in state universities in Cameroon. Two research questions guided the study: - To what extent is the use of smart phones in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? To what extent is the use of Laptops in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? It was hypothesized that the use of smart devices in teaching does not significantly enhance students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills in state universities in Cameroon.The study based on Rogers’ (1962) diffusion of innovation theory, supposing that the adoption of a new idea, behaviour, or product does not happen simultaneously in a social system; rather, it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others and Davis (1986) technology acceptance model, which posits that the more a technology is perceived as useful and easy to use, its’ actual usage increases. The study adopted an exploratory sequential research design in a mixed-methods study. The accessible population consisted of 3666 teachers and final-year undergraduate students of eight state universities in Cameroon. Using Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 406 participants from professional faculties in five of the eight long existing state universities in Cameroon, were selected to make up the sample size, comprising 386 final-year undergraduate students, and 20 teachers. The stratified purposive sampling, and purposive sampling techniques were adopted for the study. Online Google forms alongside a paper questionnaire, and an interview guide were adopted as the study instruments. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 25 with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman rho test was used to test the hypotheses and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for regression analysis. The qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings of the study showed that the use of smart phones and laptops in teaching had a significant, moderate, and positive impact on students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills (r- value = 0.418**, p-value 0.000< 0.05) in state universities in Cameroon. In conclusion, the findings of the study showed that smart devices do not only help students in information sourcing but enhanced their communication skills, critical thinking & problem solving skills, creativity and team working skills. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the state should make teaching with smart devices a policy in state universities and university teachers should be encouraged to use of smart Phones and Laptops in teaching to enhance students’ acquisition of 21st century employability. It was also recommended that government should take appropriates measure to resolve the energy crisis, internet disruptions and training challenges both teachers and students are currently facing.
This study on adopting smart devices in teaching for the acquisition of 21st century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon had as objective to find out the extent to which the use of smart devices in teaching can enhance the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in state universities in Cameroon. Two research questions guided the study: - To what extent is the use of smart phones in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? To what extent is the use of Laptops in teaching effective in enhancing the acquisition of 21st-century employability skills by students in State Universities in Cameroon? It was hypothesized that the use of smart devices in teaching does not significantly enhance students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills in state universities in Cameroon.The study based on Rogers’ (1962) diffusion of innovation theory, supposing that the adoption of a new idea, behaviour, or product does not happen simultaneously in a social system; rather, it is a process whereby some people are more apt to adopt the innovation than others and Davis (1986) technology acceptance model, which posits that the more a technology is perceived as useful and easy to use, its’ actual usage increases. The study adopted an exploratory sequential research design in a mixed-methods study. The accessible population consisted of 3666 teachers and final-year undergraduate students of eight state universities in Cameroon. Using Krejcie & Morgan (1970), 406 participants from professional faculties in five of the eight long existing state universities in Cameroon, were selected to make up the sample size, comprising 386 final-year undergraduate students, and 20 teachers. The stratified purposive sampling, and purposive sampling techniques were adopted for the study. Online Google forms alongside a paper questionnaire, and an interview guide were adopted as the study instruments. The quantitative data were analysed using SPSS version 25 with the aid of descriptive and inferential statistics. The Spearman rho test was used to test the hypotheses and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used for regression analysis. The qualitative data were analysed thematically. The findings of the study showed that the use of smart phones and laptops in teaching had a significant, moderate, and positive impact on students’ acquisition of 21st-century employability skills (r- value = 0.418**, p-value 0.000< 0.05) in state universities in Cameroon. In conclusion, the findings of the study showed that smart devices do not only help students in information sourcing but enhanced their communication skills, critical thinking & problem solving skills, creativity and team working skills. Based on the findings of the study, it was recommended that the state should make teaching with smart devices a policy in state universities and university teachers should be encouraged to use of smart Phones and Laptops in teaching to enhance students’ acquisition of 21st century employability. It was also recommended that government should take appropriates measure to resolve the energy crisis, internet disruptions and training challenges both teachers and students are currently facing.
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases.
In the markets of goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing. It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects. Based on the methods of a comparative study, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.
SUMMARY
The article examines the experience of Uzbekistan in preventing corruption in the private sector. It is determined that the negative factors of the spread of corruption among companies leads to a decrease in the competitiveness of the national economy, the quality of public administration, undermines the foundations of free competition, creates threats to the political stability and security of the country.
With the spread of corruption, the business climate and the quality of corporate governance deteriorate, the reputation of companies is undermined, and their investment attractiveness decreases. In the markets for goods, works, services, negative selection is taking place, monopoly and protectionism are increasing.
It was revealed that corruption in the private sector devalues democratic values, contributes to the spread of legal nihilism, permissiveness, money-grubbing, impunity, etc., causing significant harm to the interests of both society and the state, and the rights of citizens.
In order to eradicate corruption in all spheres of society, Uzbekistan is improving the appropriate legal, institutional and organizational measures. The Law "On Combating Corruption" adopted on the initiative of the President of Uzbekistan dated 03.01.2017. In addition to measures to prevent corruption in the field of public administration, he identified as measures to prevent corruption in the field of socio-economic development and entrepreneurship:
elimination of administrative and bureaucratic barriers, simplification and increase in the efficiency of registration, permitting and licensing procedures;
optimization of the control and supervisory functions of state bodies, improvement of the system of inspections of the activities of business entities, prevention of illegal interference in their activities;
widespread introduction of remote forms of relationships between government bodies and business entities;
creating equal conditions for doing business and preventing unfair competition;
introduction of effective legal mechanisms for public procurement, ensuring publicity, transparency and maintaining a competitive environment in the placement of public procurement;
creation of fair conditions and equal opportunities for the population in the field of education, health care, social security, public services and other areas of social and economic development, prevention of corruption offenses;
introduction of effective anti-corruption mechanisms in non-governmental organizations, etc.
The thesis is substantiated that the most effective means of preventing corruption in the private sector is the introduction of anti-corruption compliance systems and the corresponding methods of their certification into its subjects.
On the basis of comparative research methods, measures have been identified to introduce anti-corruption compliance in business structures, as well as business entities with state participation.
In order to improve the efficiency of the anti-corruption system, create the most favorable business climate, promote a positive image of the country in the international arena, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On measures to further improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-5729 dated 05/27/2019. the State Anti-Corruption Program for 2019-2020 was approved, which provided for strengthening anti-corruption measures in organizations with a state share in the authorized capital by: introducing a system of anti-corruption “compliance control” and monitoring its effectiveness, еnsuring internal order in accordance with the relevant anti-corruption standard (ISO 37001), as well as introducing special anti-corruption measures in the private sector, ensuring strict measures and control procedures, ensuring strict ethical rules when participating in public procurement, encouraging collective anti-corruption actions of businesses.
In order to improve the investment attractiveness and strengthen the image of our country in the international arena, introduce new mechanisms for working with ratings and indices in state bodies and organizations, by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in international ratings and indices, as well as introducing a new mechanism of systematic work with them in government agencies and organizations ”No. UP-6003 dated 02.06.2020. the Republican Council for work with international ratings and indices was created.
Republican Council for improving the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices 06/13/2020 the program of measures to improve the position of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the socio-economic, political and legal international ratings and indices was approved.
In order to increase the effectiveness of state policy aimed at preventing and combating corruption in all spheres of society and the state 29.06. In 2020, the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan “On additional measures to improve the anti-corruption system in the Republic of Uzbekistan” No. UP-6013 was adopted
In accordance with the Decree, the Anti-Corruption Agency of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the National Council of the Republic of Uzbekistan for Combating Corruption were created.
It is determined that international universal, regional and special standards (UN, OECD, GRECO, ISO, etc.) have a significant impact on the development of national legislation and practice of law enforcement in this area. The thesis about the need to improve the legal foundations of the anti-corruption compliance system, the need to introduce institutions of responsibility of legal entities in Uzbekistan, prevent illegal lobbying activities, etc.