Authors

  • Shaxnoza Toshpo’latova
  • Shahzoda Tursunova

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.71337/inlibrary.uz.science-research.115171

Keywords:

Jadid Xayriniso Germaniya Diloro Yusupova Nozimaxonim.

Abstract

Ushbu maqolada XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Turkistonda shakllangan jadidchilik harakati doirasida yuzaga kelgan ilk jadidchi ayollar faoliyati bilan bog’liq. Bundan tashqari bu maqolada o’zbek ayollarining ijtimoiy-siyosiy huquqlari va ularning jamiyatdagi o’rni ham tahlil qilinadi.

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Iyun, 2025-Yil

633

ILK JADIDCHI AYOLLAR

Toshpo’latova Shaxnoza Shuhratovna

Osiyo xalqaro universiteti, “Ijtimoiy fanlar va texnika fakulteti Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi

o’qituvchisi

Tursunova Shahzoda Mexriddinovna

Tarix ta’lim yo’nalishi ikkinchi bosqich talabasi

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15754647

Annotatsiya.

Ushbu maqolada XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Turkistonda shakllangan

jadidchilik harakati doirasida yuzaga kelgan ilk jadidchi ayollar faoliyati bilan bog’liq. Bundan
tashqari bu maqolada o’zbek ayollarining ijtimoiy-siyosiy huquqlari va ularning jamiyatdagi o’rni
ham tahlil qilinadi.

Kalit so’zlar:

Jadid, Xayriniso, Germaniya, Diloro Yusupova, Nozimaxonim.


XIX asr oxiri va XX asr boshlarida Turkiston ijtimoiy-siyosiy hayotida yuz bergan

o‘zgarishlar yangi madaniy va ma’rifiy harakat — jadidchilikni yuzaga keltirdi. Ushbu harakat
milliy uyg‘onish, ta’lim-tarbiya, matbuot va adabiyot sohalarida katta o‘zgarishlarga sabab bo‘ldi.
Jadidchilik harakati dastlab erkak ziyolilar tomonidan ilgari surilgan bo‘lsa-da, bu harakatda ayollar
ham muhim rol o‘ynagan.

Ilk jadidchi ayollar o‘z davrining murakkab sharoitlariga qaramay, millatni uyg‘otish,

ayollarni ilmga chorlash, ijtimoiy tenglik va ta’lim sohalarida ilg‘or g‘oyalarni ilgari surdilar. Ular
maktablar ochish, adabiyot yaratish, matbuotda faol ishtirok etish orqali jamiyat hayotiga ta’sir
ko‘rsata oldilar. Bu ayollar ismi ko‘p hollarda tarix sahifalarida soyada qolgan bo‘lsa-da, ularning
milliy taraqqiyotdagi o‘rni beqiyosdir.

Jadidchilik harakatida faol ishtirok etgan ayollarga quyidagilarni misol qilib keltirish

mumkin:

1922-yilning kuzida Germaniyaga tahsil olish uchun Turkiston Respublikasi “Koʻmak”

jamiyati tomonidan yoʻllangan 16 nafar talaba orasida Xayriniso Majidx onova alohida ajralib
turadi.

Qizlar uchun oddiy maktabga qatnashning oʻzi jiddiy qarshilikka uchrab turgan bir vaqtda

ularning tahsil uchun uzoq xorijga yoʻl olishi ziyo lilar tomonidan ulkan jasorat sifatida baholanadi.
Hatto, yosh shoir Botu Xayrinisoning Germaniyaga ketayotgani munosabati bilan “Ehtiyot boʻl,
goʻzal qush” degan sheʼr bitadi.

Xayriniso dastlab Miroboddagi yangi maktabda tahsil olib, rus va nemis tillarini oʻrgangan.

Uning dunyoqarashi shakllanishida Turkiston jadid matbuotining, shuningdek, bu vaqtda birinchi
oʻzbek xotin-qizlar bilim yurtida oʻqiyotgan opasi Oyposhshaxonning ham taʼsiri katta boʻlgan.
1922-yili “Turkiston” gazetasida chop etilgan Xayriniso Majidxonovaning maqolasida endigina 17
yoshni qarshilagan qizning Vatan istiqboli haqidagi orzu-istaklari oʻrin olgan. Maqolani oʻqir
ekansiz, eng avvalo, oʻtgan asrning boshida yashagan bir oʻzbek qizining tafakkuri naqadar
kengligi, Vatan taqdiri oldida oʻzini qanchalik daxldor sezishi koʻpchilikni hayratga solishi tabiiy.
Muallif “Turkistonning dunyo savdo maydonida tutqon vaziyati XVII asrdan beri tuban darajada
qolib keldi... XX asrning boshida ham qoʻshnimiz boʻlgan Eron xalqi siyosiy fikrlar bilan sugʻorilib,
oʻz elida sanoat turgʻizish va chetlarning taʼsiridan qutulish yoʻlida qon toʻkkan muddatda bizning


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Turkis ton tinch uxlamoqda edi... Faqat Russiyadan temir yoʻl kelib, savdo maydoni kengaydi...
Bundan ochiq anglashiladirki, bizning moziyimizni porloq qilgʻon — elimizdan oʻtgan karvon yoʻli
boʻlsa, istiqbolimizni porloq qilgʻuchi, elimizni jahon savdo maydonigʻa tutoshdirgʻuvchi ulugʻ
temir yoʻldir. Ular bizning savdomizni kengaytur, bizga boyliq va obodliq berur va oʻzimizga katta
sanoat turgʻazishga imkon ochar”.

Xayriniso Majidxonova 1923-1924-yillarda Berlinda “Xorijliklar uchun nemis tilini

oʻrganish” maktabida oʻqib, oʻrta maʼlumot toʻgʻrisida shahodatnoma oladi. 1924-1926-yillarda
Darmshtadtdagi oʻqituvchilar seminariyasida nemis tili va adabiyoti yoʻnalishida oʻqiydi.

Soʻng ikki yil amaliyotni Berlin shahridagi oʻquv muassasalarida oʻtab, oʻrta maxsus

maʼlumot olgani toʻgʻrisidagi diplomni qoʻlga kiritadi. U Berlinda pedagogik amaliyot bilan birga
mashhur doktor Fekkelmanning tibbiyot xodimlarini tayyorlovchi xususiy maktabida ham tahsil
olgan. Xayriniso Majidxonova 1928-yili yurtimizga qaytib, tibbiyot sohasida oʻrgangan barcha
yangiliklarni hayotga joriy qilishga bor kuch-quvvati bilan kirishadi. Hatto olis qishloqlardagi
bolalar salomatligini oʻylab tashkil etgan bolalar koʻrigi koʻplab yurtdoshlarimiz eʼtirofiga sazovor
boʻlgan. Biroq buyuk maqsadlar yoʻlidan borayotgan Xayriniso Majidxonova navqiron 32 yoshida
totalitar tuzumning qonli qatagʻoni girdobiga tortildi. 1937-yilning 13-sentyabrida “1922-1928-
yillarda Germaniyada oʻqigan va 1928-yil SSSR hududiga josus sifatida qaytgan”, degan soxta
ayblov bilan qamoqqa olingan. 1938-yilning 9-oktyabrida oʻtkazilgan mashʼum “Uchlik” sudi
qoʻyilgan ayblarning hech biri isbotlanmaganiga qaramay, unga oʻlim jazosini belgiladi.

Birinchi oʻzbek ayol huquqshunosi Diloro Yusupova esa otasi Sobirjon Yusupov bilan birga

millatimiz huquqshunoslarining birinchi maktabini yaratishda jonboz lik koʻrsatgani bilan
tariximizda oʻchmas iz qoldirdi. Diloro Yusupovaning hayoti otasining siyosiy qarashi tufayli taʼqib
va quvgʻinlarda kechdi. U 1922-yil juda yoshligiga qaramay Buxoro Xalq Jumhuriyati tomonidan
Moskvaga oʻqishga yuborilgan. U yerda Oʻzbek Maorif instituti qoshida taʼlim oladi. 1926-yilda
Diloro Yusupova Toshkent komsomolining okrug qoʻmitasida ish boshladi.

1937-yil 22-sentyabr kuni “xalq dushmani” Muhammadjon Moʻminovning xotini, erining

troskiychiligini, aksilinqilobiy faoliyatini yashirgan deb 25 yoshli prokuror yordamchisi Diloro
Yusupovani ham hibsga olishgan. Uning 6 yoshli oʻgʻli Marat hamda 4 yoshli qizi Surayyo bolalar
uyiga yoʻllandi. 1938-yil 4-oktyabrda Muhammadjon Moʻminov 1927-yil Moskvada boʻlgan
namoyish rahbarlaridan degan boʻhton bilan otib tashlandi. Shundan soʻng 1939-yil 14-mart kuni
Diloro Yusupova ishi koʻrilib, OʻzSSR JK 68-moddasida koʻzda tutilgan jinoyat alomatlari
topilmadi, degan xulosa bilan jinoyat ishi toʻxtatilgan. 1939-yil 19-mart kuni undan tergov vaqtida
qoʻllangan qiynoq va soʻroqlar haqida hech qachon gapirmaslik haqida tilxat olib, qamoqdan
boʻshatishgan.

Nozimaxonim-Birinchi ayol publitsist, jadidchilik davri jurnalisti. Tarixchi Begali

Qosimovning yozishicha, Nozimaxon O‘zbekiston ayollarining jamiyatdagi rolini erkinlashtirishga
intilgani bilan katta iz qoldirgan. Shoiraning sheʼr va maqolalari yuksak saviyada, lirik uslubda
yozilgan. O‘z ijod namunalarida u ayollarning bilim olish va Turkistonning jamoat hayotida ishtirok
etish huquqini himoya qildi, shuningdek, oilaviy munosabatlardagi tengsizlikni shubha ostiga oldi.

Nozimaxonim jurnalistlik faoliyati bilan bir qatorda otin (qizlarga dars bergan muallimlar,

Qurʼon qoriyalari deb ataladiganlar — tahr.) ham edi. Shoira va publitsist bor-yo‘g‘i 54 yil umr
kechirgan.


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1915-yilda Nozimaxonimning yuzi ochiq bo‘lgan ayollar fohishaga tenglashtirilgan «Xotin-

qizlarni pardada saqlash haqida»gi sheʼrga javob tariqasida yozilgan sheʼri chop etiladi. Unda,
jumladan, quyidagi satrlar o‘rin olgan edi:

Yetar, baskim, biza behad balo sangi nasib o‘ldi,
«Zaifu notavon»lar deb, biza qullik nasib o‘ldi.
Ki ul zulmatni timsoli chodir-chimmat nasib o‘ldi,
Asrlar eltgon ul bidʼat uyqusindin uyg‘oning!...

Yetar bo‘hton, haqorat biz «zaifu notavon»larga,
Javobi loyiqi bersak, aningdek badavolarga.
Ilmdin bas, qanot aylab, qilib parvoz havolarga,
Asrlar eltgon ul g‘aflat uyqusidin uyg‘oning

Xulosa:

Bu yerda oʻzbek ilm-fani, el-yurt farovonligi yoʻlida jonbozlik koʻrsatgan bir necha

ayol ziyolilarimiz haqida toʻxtaldik, xolos. Ular aslida koʻp, ancha koʻp edi. Afsuski, sobiq tuzum

qatagʻoniga uchragan jadid bobolarimiz bilan yelkama-yelka turib fidoyilik koʻrsatgan bunday

jadid ayollarimiz haqida hali deyarli hech narsa bilmaymiz.


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TA’LIM

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81.

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Toshpo’latova, S. (2025). BUXORO AMIRLIGINING HAYOT TARZI. Modern Science and Research, 4(4), 429-438.

Toshpo‘latova, S. (2025). BO’LAJAK TARIX O’QITUVCHILARINING PEDAGOGIK-PSIXOLOGIK TAYYORGARLIGINI SHAKLLANTIRISH: NAZARIY VA AMALIY JIHATLAR. Modern Science and Research, 4(4), 385-394.

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Rahmonova , S., & Turopova , S. (2025). JADIDCHILIK FAOLIYATINING IJTIMOIY-FALSAFIY AHAMIYATI. Modern Science and Research, 4(4), 397–403. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/81336

Rahmonova, S. . (2025). IJTIMOIY BEGONALASHUVNING OLDINI OLISHDA MA’NAVIY-MARIFIY ISLOHOTLARNING O’RNI. Modern Science and Research, 4(1), 428–435. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/60835

Rahmonova, S., & Yo’ldasheva, M. (2025). TA’LIM SAMARADORLIGINI OSHIRISHDA RAQAMLI TEXNOLOGIYALARDAN FOYDALANISH. Modern Science and Research, 4(1), 367–374. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/63683

Rahmonova, S. (2025). MA’NAVIY TARBIYA YUKSAK MA’NAVIYATNI TARBIYALASH VOSITASI. Modern Science and Research, 4(2), 850–857. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/66726

Rahmonova, S. (2024). SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS ARE THE FOUNDATION OF A NEW UZBEKISTAN. Modern Science and Research, 3(12), 517–525. Retrieved from https://inlibrary.uz/index.php/science-research/article/view/58031

Rahmonova Sanoat Shuhrat qizi. (2024). SPIRITUAL AND EDUCATIONAL REFORMS ARE THE FOUNDATION OF A NEW UZBEKISTAN. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14503228

Rahmonova, S. (2023). DYNAMICS AND MAIN DIRECTIONS OF SPIRITUAL AND CULTURAL EFORMS IMPLEMENTED IN UZBEKISTAN. Modern Science and Research, 2(10), 850-854.

Rahmonova, S. (2023). YANGI O ‘ZBEKISTONDA MA’NAVIY-MADANIY ISLOHOTLAR. Current approaches and new research in modern sciences, 2(10), 40-43.

Rahmonova, S. (2023). YUKSAK MA’NAVİYATLİ AVLOD-UCHİNCHİ RENESSANS BUNYODKORLARİ. Наука и технология в современном мире, 2(3), 76-79.

Rahmonova, S. (2024). THE REFORMS IMPLEMENTED IN NEW UZBEKISTAN ARE THE FOUNDATION OF THE THIRD RENAISSANCE. Modern Science and Research, 3(2), 394-399.

Qizi, R. S. S., Shukhratovna, T. S, & Karamatovna, M. A. (2024). Implementation of Education and Protection of Children's Rights in the age of Technology. SPAST Reports, 1(7).

Рахмонова, С. (2024). HARMONY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING. Журнал универсальных научных исследований, 2(5), 366-375.

Ramatov, J., Hasanov, M., & Rahmonova, S. (2024). TA’LIM TIZIMI MODERNIZATSIYALASHUVINING IJTIMOIY-FALSAFIY ASOSLARI. Oriental renaissance: Innovative, educational, natural and social sciences, 4(8), 160-172.

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