No. 3 (2025) The interdisciplinary electronic scientific journal "Society and Innovations"

The article provides a detailed analysis of the process of irrigation and land reclamation in Uzbekistan during the period 1950-1990, with a particular focus on the role of the cotton monopoly. Moreover, the article provides an analysis of the Soviet government's measures to improve the irrigation system and the results thereof, drawing upon primary sources. During this period, the primary objective of the development of irrigation and land reclamation projects in the republic was inextricably linked with the process of developing reserves and grey lands.

The article outlines the history of the Turkestan District Protection Department, established by Tsarist Russia in Turkestan to pursue and suppress the struggle of local people's representatives for enlightenment and national liberation.

The Bronze Age monuments of ancient Bactria are characterized by a developed urban culture, along with socio-economic and religious processes. If one may say so, the cultural processes are uniquely defined by the development of sculptural art. This article illuminates the religious, spiritual, artistic-stylistic, and anthropological features of the human terracotta sculpture discovered at the Jarkutan site.

In the article, current archival materials and scientific literature have been analyzed to explore farm activity in Uzbekistan, its main changes, and implemented measures. Additionally, farmers' activities in the country have been examined through archival sources and historical materials.

This article is dedicated to the scientific and philosophical legacy of Abu Ali ibn Sina (Avicenna), his contribution to the development of medicine and philosophy during the medieval period. Avicenna's humanistic ideas, aimed at caring for human health and the well-being of society, remain relevant in the modern world [1]. His works, such as "The Canon of Medicine," had a significant influence on both the East and the West.

This article covers the intangible cultural heritage of the Fergana Valley, types of folk crafts and the knowledge, skills and qualifications associated with them, as well as information about crafts. The history of the development of crafts in the valley and their widespread spread among the people is covered extensively and in detail.

The 9th–10th centuries mark a period of significant political and military transformations in Central Asia. One notable aspect of this era was the rise of Turkic commanders who served under the Samanid dynasty and gradually emerged as powerful political actors. Among them, Alptegin stands out for having risen through the ranks as a military slave (ghulam) and later establishing an autonomous political authority in Ghazna. This article explores Alptegin’s career, his relations with the Samanids, his conquest of Ghazna, and his role in laying the foundation of the Ghaznavid state. Drawing on key historical sources such as Tarikh-i Bayhaqi, Zayn al-Akhbar, Tarikh-i Yamini, and Siyasatnama, this paper highlights the transformation of military slaves into political elites in early Islamic Central Asia.

This article examines the issues of implementing financial technologies in the activities of commercial banks. It analyzes the areas of banking in which modern financial technologies are used. Based on the research conducted, practical proposals and scientific recommendations were developed.

The article explains that ecology and environmental protection are crucial areas for safeguarding public health, and that addressing these issues cannot be solely entrusted to the Ministry of Health. It points out the presence of both internal and external factors. In this context, the article examines the adoption of several Decrees by the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Measures to Improve the System of State Management in the Field of Ecology and Environmental Protection" and evaluates their current status.

This article explores the role and effectiveness of modern electronic dictionaries in the process of foreign language learning. It discusses the advantages of digital dictionaries over traditional ones, such as interactivity, multimedia features, and integration into the educational process through mobile applications. Furthermore, the paper analyzes learners' practical experiences, benefits, and challenges of using electronic dictionaries, supported by relevant examples.

This scientific article comprehensively analyzes the conditions and requirements necessary for the Republic of Uzbekistan to join the international organization "Open Government Partnership" (OGP), and thoroughly examines the potential positive changes as well as possible risks and challenges that may arise as a result of our country becoming a member of this prestigious organization. Additionally, the rich experiences of some foreign countries in the process of joining the OGP are cited as examples and deeply analyzed. The authors objectively assess Uzbekistan's potential and opportunities for joining this organization, and put forward a number of important and practical proposals and recommendations in this regard. This article is dedicated to studying topical issues aimed at further deepening reforms in the field of public administration and the development of civil society.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the general conditions for preliminary investigation in criminal proceedings of foreign countries. It comparatively examines the provisions of Chapter 43 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan with the experience of criminal procedural legislation in Germany, Russia, China, Turkey, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan. Key issues such as the powers of authorized officials conducting preliminary investigations, jurisdiction of criminal cases, investigation timelines, participation of lay witnesses (attesting witnesses) in procedural actions, ensuring investigation secrecy, and the activities of investigative groups are thoroughly reviewed. Based on the advanced practices of foreign countries, specific proposals are developed to further improve Uzbekistan's criminal procedural legislation.

This article analyzes the issues surrounding the formation of digital law in the modern world, the role of digital technologies in shaping digital law, the concept and significance of digital law, as well as the challenges in the development of digital law.

The article comprehensively examines the historical genesis and contemporary state of state property rights. The author systematically analyzes the development of the property institution from collective forms to individual ownership, emphasizing its integral role in human society since ancient times. The study provides detailed coverage of the peculiarities of property relations in Islamic jurisprudence, the Roman legal system, and the Central Asian region. Special attention is paid to the negative consequences of the policy of eliminating private property during the Soviet period and the processes of restoring property rights during the independence era. The article analyzes the constitutional recognition of property rights in the new Constitution of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2023 and the conceptual significance of the law "On Privatization of State Property" adopted in 2024.

The article discusses the concepts and types of corruption acts and related offenses (so-called "quasi-corruption" acts). The criminal law doctrine of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of combating corruption is analyzed, including recent legislative novelties. A comparative legal analysis of the legislation of foreign countries – Belarus, Russia, Kazakhstan, Germany, France, Japan, China, Singapore, and Sweden – is conducted in terms of subjects, objects of attack, and sanctions for similar acts. International anti-corruption instruments (the UN Convention against Corruption 2003, the Council of Europe Convention 1999, the Inter-American Convention 1996) and their influence on the formation of the concept of corruption crimes are examined. Special attention is given to the distinction between categories: purely corruption crimes, quasi-corruption crimes, disciplinary offenses related to corruption, and corruption-prone behavior (borderline forms). Views of contemporary scholars (B.J. Akharov, K.R. Abdurasulova, I. Ismailov, M.Kh. Rustambaev, V.V. Luneev, A.I. Mizeriy, I.A. Savenko, etc.) on the essence of corruption and the criteria for distinguishing related offenses are presented. In conclusion, proposals for the improvement of the Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan are formulated – lists of crimes to be considered as corruption-related in both narrow and broad senses are defined, criteria for distinguishing them from other offenses are established, and changes and additions to the norms are recommended to address the identified gaps.

This article analyzes the importance of soft skills-based approaches to teaching foreign languages in Uzbekistan's continuing education system and the principles of their integration into the educational process. In particular, the possibilities of improving the effectiveness of learning a foreign language through the development of skills such as critical thinking, creativity, communication and cooperation are considered. The article also highlights the pedagogical and methodological foundations for the development of soft skills, integrated with a competency approach at the stages of continuing education. The study promotes innovative approaches to foreign language teaching based on practical examples and modern teaching methods. Keywords: continuing education, foreign languages, soft skills, competency approach, methodology, innovation education, language teaching, critical thinking, communicative skills, integrated teaching.

The article under discussion depicts the role of computer technologies in teaching foreign languages by developing the language competence and communicative skills of learners. The research studies the usage of digital instruments including software applications in learning foreign languages, mobile applications and virtual platforms to create interactive and personalized classes. The research examines the educational advantages emerging in the process of combining multimedia elements with the artificial intelligence systems to raise students’ participation and enhance access to classes. Besides, the article discusses the problems including lack of the teachers’ digital skills which prevent integration of the educational technologies into a teaching process. The research results demonstrate how computer technologies changed the way of the international communication as well as methods of foreign languages teaching.

This article analyzes the methodology for improving the process of learning physics virtually. It explores effective methods for organizing physics education based on modern digital technologies, and the integration of virtual laboratories and interactive software into the educational process. The article also examines the advantages of virtual education, its didactic principles, and its compatibility with traditional education.

The article discusses how the method of spiritual-educational and musical-aesthetic education of young people, especially students, is an important approach for music teachers. It explains that musical values shape students' worldviews, enhance their understanding, thinking, and social relationships, and create opportunities for them to deeply grasp the core meaning of phenomena. Additionally, the text emphasizes the significance of spiritual and moral education in this context.

This article provides a detailed analysis of perception as a psychological phenomenon in the process of learning foreign languages, along with the personal characteristics, attention, and thinking of students acquiring a foreign language. It highlights the psychological features of learning and teaching foreign languages, such as the perception of texts in a foreign language and the memorization of vocabulary. The paper also reveals the psychological aspects of expanding and developing students’ thinking in a foreign language during the process of acquiring other languages.

This article explores the relevance of using innovative technologies in English language teaching within the higher education system. In the context of global integration and the expansion of digital learning tools, the effectiveness of implementing online platforms, mobile applications, artificial intelligence tools, and virtual environments in language instruction is analyzed. Special emphasis is placed on the role of these technologies in developing students’ soft skills. Through the analysis of scholarly literature and modern pedagogical practices, the study demonstrates that innovative technologies serve as key instruments in designing individualized, multimodal, and activity-based approaches to language learning.

This article explores the characteristics of the traditional performance of the classical musical composition Savti Kalom. It demonstrates that the performance of this piece represents not only a form of musical artistry but also a complex expression of spiritual-literary knowledge and emotional depth. The study emphasizes the importance of the performer’s deep understanding of the interaction between words and music and the need to convey meaning to the listener through artistic interpretation. The article highlights that performing Savti Kalom requires a high level of musical skill, expressive delivery, and refined artistic perception.

In the educational environment, school psychologists play a crucial role in helping students adapt and overcome emotional and behavioral challenges. However, stress experienced by children and adolescents often goes unnoticed, leading to increased emotional tension and decreased learning motivation. The most vulnerable groups are primary school students undergoing cognitive and social adaptation, as well as adolescents facing anxiety caused by academic pressures, interpersonal conflicts, and family circumstances.

This article examines the theoretical foundations of using the Baum test in school psychology, its diagnostic value in identifying stress in students, and the prospects of integrating it into the psychological support system.

The article highlights the legal foundations for combating the entry of narcotic drugs and psychotropic substances into the territory of Uzbekistan, which pose a threat and concern to the international community. It also analyzes, with scientific examples, the illegal trafficking and distribution of these substances within the country, along with their negative consequences. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the tragic fate of individuals, especially young people, who fall victim to these narcotic substances in the Central Asian region, and emphasizes the role of spirituality in the fight against them.

This scientific article provides a comprehensive analysis of the fight against ideological threats in ensuring public security in Uzbekistan, the main factors affecting public security, existing problems and ways to eliminate them. The development of the field of combating ideological threats, in particular, the possibilities of strengthening security by increasing the legal and moral awareness and social activity of citizens, are considered.