All articles - Orthopedics

Повреждения спинного мозга являются одним из актуальных вопросов современной нейрохирургии и нейрореаниматологии. Позвоночно-спинномозговая травма составляет 0,7 - 4% от числа всех травм нервной системы [1,2]. Около 80% больных с
травмами позвоночника и спинного мозга моложе 40 лет, большинство которых (75,0%) составляют - мужчины

Проблема лечения переломов головки мыщелка плечевой кости у детей на сегодняшний день окончательно не решена. По мнению ряда авторов [7] наибольшее количество нарушений функции локтевого сустава встречается у детей, которые имели
переломы именно такие. Кроме того, известно, что при них нередко наблюдаются консолидация, образование псевдоартроза и другие осложнения

Infringement of uric acid (UA) exchange at patients with DOA in the form of hyperuricemia, hyperuricozuria
and urat crystalury was revealed. For such patients the frequent occurrence of anemia, arterial hypertension, uric acid diathesis, uric syndrome, osteochondrosis with vegetative frustration, poliartralgy, constipation and expansions of veins in lower limbs are characteristic. By course aggravation and increase in prescription of the disease an aggravation of poliorgan athologies are observed. Infringement of UA exchange leads to the infringement of microcirculation in organism cells, that in turn promotes dysfunction of bodies which comes to the end with the formation of “Vicious circles”. The authentic scientifically-proved results from the application of hypopurine diets, phitocollection, therapy massage, kynezotherapy and endotherapy at patients DOA with the infringement of UA exchange were obtained. The pathogenetic role of infringement of UA exchange at patients DOA has been proved and is recommended to diagnose “dysmetabolic urat osteoartrosis”

Одним из грозных осложнений после тотального эндопротезирования тазобедренного сустава является
вывихи. По данным различных отечественных и зарубежных авторов составляет от 0.11% до 10% (1,4,10,
И, 15. 22, 24, 28, 32). После первичного вывиха и закрытого вправления от 16 до 59% пациентов имеют рецидив
вывиха тотального эндопротеза (8,13,21)

The purpose of the work: to study and analyze, based on the results of a clinical study, methods of complex treatment of flat feet. Material and methods of research: The research group included 40 children aged 6-7 years. Orthopedic shoes, massage, physiotherapy and drugs for the treatment of this pathology were used for treatment. Results of the study: 10 children participated in the first group of studies. For the treatment of flat feet, children used orthopedic shoes selected by a pediatric orthopedist. Orthopedic shoes allow the foot to develop without deformation due to the presence of a specially designed heel and sole. Orthopedic shoes differ from ordinary shoes by a high top, a hard back, and a polyurethane sole for the formation of a healthy foot

The materials of rendering aid to 78 patients with fractures of the scaphoid bone in different periods after the injury were analyzed. The patients underwent treatment in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics in the department "Hand and foot surgery" 2019-2021. In the process of diagnosis, 14 patients were diagnosed between the years 2019-2021 , with modern methods of clinical examination, early diagnostic weight loss and primary medical treatment, and in suspected cases, CSCT and MRT examinations have clarified the diagnosis.

This article presents an actual problem of our century-the causes and mechanisms of flatfoot development, as well as our experience and methods of its correction. Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical-Medical. Center of Traumatology and Orthopedics in the department of "Hand and foot surgery" a research was carried out in the patient treated with 29 flatfoot diagnoses from 2019 to 2021. In this patients were used methods of CT, radiography, podometry, MRI and clinical examination. The average age of the patients is from 10 to 22 years (12±4) 12 female 17 male, mainly adolescent patients

The paper analyzes the features of transport injury in children, depending on the mechanism of injury. Children who were injured inside a car in an accident: "child passengers" and "children behind the wheel", were characterized by a relatively high frequency of injuries to the head, nasal bones and lower extremities. Also in this group of patients, damage to the bone, nervous and cardiovascular systems is noted, and in terms of quantity, damage to one or two systems is usually observed.
According to the structure of the severity of injuries, the first or second degree of severity usually prevails. In children who were injured outside the passenger compartment: "children pedestrians" hit by a car, the injury was characterized by a low incidence of head trauma and a high incidence of damage to the nasal bones and lower extremities. It should also be noted in these cases, mainly damage to the bone, respiratory and cardiovascular systems is observed, and in terms of quantity, damage to two or three systems is usually observed. According to the structure of the severity of injuries, the second and third degrees of severity usually prevail.

The study was carried out in 2018-2020 in the cardio rheumatology department of the 4th Children's City Hospital in Tashkent. We observed 254 children aged 7 to 15 years with acute rheumatic fever, who received corticosteroids. According to our results, despite the positive efficacy of hormone therapy in acute rheumatic fever, side effects are observed with a very high frequency (73%). It is recommended to prescribe hormonal therapy with caution and only in case of severecomplications of the disease, since the termination of the use of hormones can lead to a syndrome of cancellation or exacerbation of the process. 

The purpose of the study was to improve the quality of anesthesia during orthopedic operations in children using the opioid-sparing anesthesia technique.
Materials and methods. The course of anesthesia was analyzed in 48 patients aged 3 to 14 years, during orthopedic operations in children. The distribution of patients into groups was carried out depending on the technique of anesthesia. Group 1 (main) consisted of 25 children who underwent general anesthesia using low doses of fentanyl, sevoflurane and propofol. group 2 (control) - 23 children who underwent general anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol. Echocardiography was used to determine hemodynamic parameters. The dynamics of changes in the level of cortisol in the blood and the concentration of catecholamines (adrenaline, norepinephrine, dopamine) in daily urine was studied. Results. In children of the first group, during the introductory period of anesthesia, there was a decrease in CI, an increase in heart rate and UPS. Stroke index (SI), mean arterial pressure (MAP), cardiac index (CI) changed insignificantly compared to the previous stage of the study. In the children of the second group in the most traumatic stages of the operation, there was an increase in SI, HR, and AI. In the most traumatic stages of the operation and after the operation in children of the first group, there was a tendency to increase cortisol, in the second group of patients, an increase in cortisol was noted.

With modern combined methods of general anesthesia, it is difficult to timely detect clinical signs of awakening of the patient, and the parameters of gas exchange and blood circulation monitored during this period, changes in which usually serve as the basis for the dosage of drugs, do not always reflect the real level of depression of consciousness. To date, the solution to this problem is BIS-monitoring.

For several decades, degenerative-dystrophic diseases of the spine have been among the most common in the world, second only to the pathology of the cardiovascular system and oncological diseases. Pronounced clinical manifestations in the form of pain syn- drome are observed during active labor activity at the age of 25-55 years and are one of the most common causes of temporary disability

Back pain (dorsalgia) is experienced during the life of the vast majority of the world's population, dorsalgia is in second place in prevalence, second only to colds. Dorsalgia often occur at the age of 20-50 years, the maximum pain syndrome at the same time falls on 50-64 years, in 20-64 years, neck or back pain is stated by 24% of men and 32% of women.

The monograph discusses measures for the diagnosis, treatment and rehabilitation of patients with spinal dysraphism, to determine certain types of myelodysplasia in the structure of anomalies of the spine and spinal cord; development of diagnostic criteria for dysfunction of the pelvic organs; assessment of the significance of the “fixed spinal cord” syndrome in the genesis of residual disorders and the dynamics of neurological disorders at the stages of complex treatment; improving the prevention of neurological manifestations of a functional nature and residual disorders and the treatment of spinal cord pathology in children. The monograph is intended for neurologists and doctors of related specialties, as well as for master's students and clinical residents

Проблема изучения гендерных особенностей и качества жизни при ревматоидном артрите является одной из актуальных в ревматологии. Ревматоидный артрит (РА) – широко распространенное аутоиммунное заболевание неизвестной этиологии, характеризующееся хроническим эрозивным артритом (синовитом) и системным поражением внутренних органов, приводящее к снижению качества жизни и функциональных возможностей. Женский пол является фактором риска ревматоидного артрита. Женщин с РА в 2,5 раза больше, чем мужчин. Известно, что половой диморфизм РА у мужчин и женщин проявляется различиями в частоте метаболического синдрома, венозных тромбозов, развитии вовлечения в патологический процесс легких, однако не установлено влияние гендерных особенностей на клиническое течение и качество жизни пациентов с РА.

Неврологические проявления имеют яркую клиническую картину при ЮРА уступает симптомам поражения суставов и внутренних органов. Тяжелые осложнения артрита, такие как компрессионные поражения спинного мозга и периферических нервов (туннельные синдромы), церебральные васкулиты крайне редки и описаны в литературе в виде единичных клинических случаев (T.Yamamoto 2000, R.Pedersen 1998, Carbajal Rodrigues

Стероидный остеопороз развивается в результате воздействия на костную ткань избыточного количества глюкокортикостероидов (ГКС). Лечение ГКС нефротического синдрома сопровождается развитием остеопороза, на фоне задержки роста и развития детей и сопровождается ожирением