Vol. 1 No. 6 (2024)

This article is devoted to the analysis of the state and determination of prospects for the legal regulation of quantum communications in order to ensure information security. The importance of regulatory and technical regulation of the quantum communications industry is shown. The necessity of developing national standards to ensure the compatibility of devices manufactured by different manufacturers is justified.

In 2023, the Government of the Russian Federation approved the Concept of Regulating the quantum Communications industry in the Russian Federation until 2030. Her project was created by a group of experts from the О. E. Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MGUA). This document has no analogues abroad and is part of building a data economy in our country. In pursuance of this document, changes have already been made to the All-Russian Classifier of types of Economic Activity and the All-Russian Classifier of products by type of economic activity. This made it possible to distinguish among other types of information technologies quantum communication equipment, which was divided at the suggestion of the author of the article into quantum cryptography equipment and quantum communication equipment. However, in the process of establishing a legal regime for quantum communication equipment, problems arose related to the use of atmospheric optical communication lines for transmitting a quantum signal, which are not regulated in domestic legislation. The article analyzes the key legal conflicts arising in the process of using this type of communication, as well as suggests ways to overcome them.

The article analyzes the prospects for the application of experimental legal regimes as a method for the development of quantum technologies. The importance of developing these technologies to ensure the technological sovereignty of the Russian Federation is substantiated, and the existing problems of developing and implementing experimental legal regimes arc analyzed. A set of proposals for improving the current and developing (draft federal laws and decrees of the Government of the Russian Federation) legal regulation of the experimental legal regimes is developed, aimed at ensuring their effective application as a method for regulating the development of quantum technologies.

In the article, the authors analyze the main directions of regulation of quantum technologies in Russia and in the world. The puipose of the study is to identify the current state of the regulatory legal regulation of quantum technologies in Russia and to develop basic approaches to their regulation in the short and medium term.

The article presents the risks and threats to cybersecurity that may arise when using quantum technologies. It considers such aspects as licensing the activities of companies producing quantum equipment, as well as the regulation of quantum cloud services. It considers the problems of post-quantum cryptography and the need to implement it in existing infrastructures. It defines and describes such a phenomenon as «Q-Day», as well as the reasons for its occurrence. It describes the «Collect now, decrypt later» approach and why it is important for quantum law as a basis for legal regulation.

The purpose of this work is to explore the challenges and opportunities in ensuring the security of information transmission through quantum communication. Based on an analysis of scientific publications by leading experts in the field of information law, we analyze the concept and types of quantum technologies within the context of end-to-end digital technology. We note the dual impact of quantum technologies on information security: as a «quantum threat» on the one hand and as a means of achieving a qualitatively higher level of information transmission using quantum and post-quantum cryptography on the other. Based on foreign publications, the essence of the distribution of quantum keys and post-quantum cryptographic algorithms is analyzed. The advantages and risks of using quantum technologies to ensure the security of information transmission are considered. It is concluded that the need to master quantum technologies and create an effective system of their regulatory regulation, including legal, technical and ethical components, is an objective need, without which it is impossible to ensure technological sovereignty and information security of the state. The expediency of developing the concept of personal information security in cyberspace in the future with the inclusion of provisions on protection from the «quantum threat» and practical steps aimed at the formation of «quantum literacy» among a possible larger number of citizens of the Russian Federation is substantiated.

In the context of rapid technological development, innovative solutions and products are being actively created, qualitatively new mechanisms and principles of interaction are being formed. The purpose of this study was to find a conceptual approach to the development and trusted functioning of the quantum communications industry, which is a typical example of the practical implementation of such solutions. An attempt has been made to systematize the relationship between the development of the quantum communications industry and improving the security of the digital environment. According to the results of the study, individual factors of trust are identified, formed by the potential of quantum communication technologies, and proposals for improving industry certification.

The author defines three periods of development of achievements in the field of quantum technologies. Each period has its own organizational and legal support, creating a foundation for stimulating technological progress in the field of quantum technologies and the possibilities of applying the achievements of the quantum era in everyday practice. The first period of the quantum era is defined by the development of concepts, doctrines and strategies that create prerequisites for increasing research in the field of quantum technologies for their further practical implementation. The second stage of the quantum era has been reached in the EU, involving the creation and implementation of the "quantum web" information system. The third stage of the quantum era is the development of the quantum industry through the commercialization of research achievements and the inclusion of innovative products in mass civilian circulation.

In this article the approach of the legislators of the Republic of Chile to the consolidation of the labor rights of employees of digital platforms is analyzed, it reveals the content of the legal status of these special subjects of labor law. Much attention is also paid to the characterization of the impact of certain norms of the Labor Code of the Republic of Chile on the regulation of the work of employees of digital platforms from 2022 to the present.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the variability of employment relations, taking into account the use of digital technologies as a basis for decisionmaking to improve social protection of citizens. Hypothesis: the variability of forms of employment, taking into account the use of digital technologies, is increasing, new combinations of them appear, which complicates the rationing of the formation of social contributions. Confirmation of this hypothesis was obtained on the basis of an analysis of the forms of employment adopted by the International Labour Organization. Based on this, proposals were substantiated to change the approaches to determining insurance premiums. When calculating them, they should not be based on deductions from income received, but on the obligation for each person to form a certain annual amount of contributions for social purposes. This will create an additional tool for reducing the shadow economy and is achievable when using digital technologies.

Exploring the issues of legal regulation of the use of digital technologies in labor relations, the author emphasizes the imperfection of labor law norms in this matter. As a result, the use of digital technologies is considered when an employer maintains electronic personnel document management, processes personal data of employees in electronic form, as well as in the event of a conflict of norms on labor and civil law regulation of the relations that have arisen. The author proposes to establish the obligation for employers to maintain electronic personnel document management; to consider the employer in good faith until he is included in the register of employers with illegal employment or the register of employers with overdue wages or reaches the risk indicator; to enshrine in the Labor Code of the Russian Federation a clear obligation of the employer to have the employee's consent to the processing of his biometric data when using digital technologies to monitor the process of the employee's implementation of the labor function

The article analyzes the recent experience of legislative initiatives to regulate the use of artificial intelligence systems in Brazil and the European Union. The purpose of the article is to compare the experience of legislative developments in the field of using Al systems in the aspect of labor relations and employment in Brazil and the European Union. The article uses a complex of general scientific and special research methods, especially comparative legal, specifically historical and formal legal. Foreign experience in the legal regulation of employment relations in this area may be of interest in the process of developing regulatory legal acts regarding the limits of the use of Al systems in Russia and other CIS and EAEU countries.

This article discusses the powers of the head of the organization. There are also various fields of application of artificial intelligence by the head of the organization. The difficulties of using artificial intelligence in the work of the organization by the president of the company are analyzed. The advantages and disadvantages for the implementation of artificial intelligence in the enterprise, both for the heads of the organization and for employees, are established. The normative legal acts regulating the above-mentioned legal relations are analyzed. In conclusion, the author concludes that the use of artificial intelligence by the head of the organization is currently not regulated by the labor legislation of the Russian Federation. There are many questions and problems when using artificial intelligence by the director of a company in regulating labor relations.

With the development of artificial intelligence and metaverse technologies, it becomes possible to create and use digital avatars of employees to participate in meetings, speak in corporate media, communicate with customers and other purposes. In order to pose the problem, the possible consequences and risks of these innovative technologies are investigated from the point of view of labor legislation and legislation on personal data.

The aim ot the work was to study the peculiarities ot civil law regulation of the application of digital technologies in medicine, because the introduction of innovative technologies into medical practice is inevitable. It was determined that the legislative norms regulating these innovative activities were absence. Several codes of ethics are being developed to serve as a basis for the development of a system of legal regulation of digital technologies in healthcare. The process of their development has not yet been finalized and should be carried out with the involvement of experts from the medical community.

In 2018, a scientist from the Southern University of Science and Technology in Shenzhen announced that it was the first time in the world that a genome-edited embryo had been implanted into the uterus. The pregnancy resulted in the birth of two healthy twin girls, which was certainly a turning point in genetic science. However, the achievement of these scientific discoveries has puzzled people all over the world along with already known bioethical and legal problems that have not yet been resolved in public order. As an example, we can cite not only legal facts, but also the vector of genetic progress.

In order to improve the efficiency of the healthcare system, medical information systems arc actively developing in the Russian Federation. Currently, the most relevant is a single digital healthcare circuit, which is an ecosystem of information solutions to ensure the continuity of medical care for patients based on new quality standards and digital service. This model provides the national and regional healthcare management system with up-to-date primary data. We believe that this contributes to increasing the availability and quality of medical care for the population in the Russian healthcare system, aimed at saving the population.

The article is dedicated to the investigation of legal regulation concerning the use of artificial intelligence technologies in medicine. Special attention is given to issues of civil liability in the considered domain, imitation of cognitive function. It is noted that Al does not have the attributes of legal personality and no legal relationship arises between a patient and an Al system. In cases where generative Al is used in telemedicine, the patient must be informed about what or whom they are interacting with and have the onnortunitv to communicate with a doctor.

The article examines the problem of distribution of civil liability for harm to a patient's health resulting from the use of diagnostic systems and support for medical decision-making in the provision of medical care. The authors come to the conclusion that the use of Al technologies, in particular SPPV, in the provision of medical care leads to the need to expand the range of subjects of civil liability to include the company of the technology developer, operator, and in cases of using learning systems - teachers.The issue of distribution of responsibility between the subjects of legal relations of the legal relations under consideration becomes even more complex in the case of the use of high-tech systems operating on the basis of deep machine learning. To a certain extent, the solution to this issue will be facilitated by the differentiation of the subjects of the relationship under consideration and the distribution of responsibilities among them to minimize the risk of harm to the patient.

The article summarizes the data on the best health care in the world according to the version of the Numbeo service in 2024 in Taiwan (86.43 points), and from European states - in 4th place in France (80.18) with the digital transformation of health care previously carried out there. An important role in this is played by highly qualified trained medical personnel with compulsory internship in leading medical universities. "Digital departments" in medical universities arc aimed at training such personnel, but in the Russian Federation there are few of them, and half of medical students do not feel the desire to receive additional education in IT technologies.

The main task of modem information technologies is to combine all processes into a single systematized information field. Telemedicine technologies are continuously expanding, which requires proper legal regulation, since its extensive application leads to a large number of new regulatory gaps. Information on the Internet is becoming more and more accessible, which also requires improving existing mechanisms for protecting confidential patient data.

The purpose of the study is justify and propose legal regulation for a new type of lease agreement rent - an unmanned vehicle. The author suggests introducing additional responsibilities for the parties to agreement, the introduction of responsibility regardless of guilt when using artificial intelligence and offers the author's definition of an unmanned vehicle lease agreement.

This paper analyzes the role of the use of digital projects and the need for digital platforms in the Republic of Belarus and integration associations with its participation. The peculiarity of the article is to substantiate the need for unified approaches to the legal regulation of the Russian Federation within the framework of the successful functioning of the Union State, connection with the creation and operation of intelligent transport systems, determining the main directions for improving legal norms and legislative acts in light of the need to ensure national and regional security in the territory of the Eurasian space and the Union State.

The presented article reveals the actual problem of ensuring (technological and legal) safety of operation of an unmanned taxi as a new modern breakthrough digital technology. Statistical data are analyzed, the problem of bringing to justice for causing harm by these vehicles is considered. A critical assessment of the main provisions of the draft Law on highly Automated Vehicles is given, theoretical and applied conclusions are drawn based on the results of the study.

This article is dedicated to the examination of legal aspects and information security issues in the context of the digital transformation of family law relations. The authors analyze the impact of digital technologies on traditional family and marriage institutions and explore the process of digitizing government services in the area of civil status registration. Special attention is given to ensuring a balance between innovative solutions and the preservation of traditional values, as well as the challenges of protecting citizens' personal data in the context of a developing digital society. The article discusses potential risks associated with the implementation of digital technologies in the field of family law and suggests measures to enhance information security and digital literacy among the population. The authors emphasize the need for a comprehensive approach to the digital transformation of the social sphere, taking into account technological, legal, and social aspects.

The purpose of the study is to consider the impact on the functioning and well-being of families in the 21st century of such megatrends as the development of technology. Megatrends and their impact on the institution of the family are defined in the documents prepared by UN bodies and timed to coincide with the celebration of the 30th anniversary of the International Year of the Family in 2024. The peculiarity of the article is to propose the concept of smart-parenting in the aspect of digital technology development penetrating into child-parent relations, taking into account the need to form new parental competencies that take into account the benefits and harms of digitalisation of family relations.

The development of digital technologies in the financial sector makes it possible to create digital platforms to optimally build interaction between citizens, business and the state, which in turn requires improving the legal regulation of this issue both at the national level and at the level of the Eurasian Economic Union. The article analyzes the legal nature of digital platforms as multinational corporations of the latest generation, gives the author's classification and definition based on the ecosystem approach.

The article raises the problem of legal uncertainty around the methodology for assessing network effects within the framework of antitrust legislation. The article is based on the analysis of changes made to the antitrust legislation (the fifth antitrust package). The study provides a definition and typology of network effects from the point of view of economic theory, without understanding which it is impossible to correctly regulate the procedure for assessing network effects. The work is interdisciplinary in nature - at the junction of jurisprudence and economic theory.

The paper is devoted to researching for liability of operators of financial platforms for improper performance of financial deals concluded on financial platforms. Legislative acts in this sphere and rules of some Russian financial platforms are analyzed. On the results of analysis it is stated that such liability of operators of financial platforms is not stated as far as it is not a party of a financial deal. The author takes a critical look at this position. In the paper relevant situations are simulated and conditions for possible imposing of liability to operators of financial platforms are described.

The article describes the difficulties in terms of legal regulation of digital platforms, which the EU is facing as they are technically developing, as well as the ways of solution, which the competent EU authorities resort to in order to achieve uniformity of supranational legal regulation of gig workers' labor and harmonization of national legislation of the EU Member States in this part.

The purpose of the article is to find out the nature of the user agreement of platforms, sites and whether the user can force the site to change its terms, how judicial practice develops in this context. The authors of the study concluded that the consumer, a group of individuals, and Rospotrebnadzor can in court oblige the platform to make changes to the user agreement of the site and announce this to all users. The authors warn the platforms against posting rules that do not take into account the legislation and infringe on the rights of users, as this entails the risk of invalidity of these conditions and the recovery of moral damage by the user.

The introduction of artificial intelligence is already part of the so-called "invisible" economy in Russia in the service sector, both public and private: chatbots and answering machines with artificial intelligence are the first to respond to users, and the opportunity to talk to a human operator has already become an exception. In the application "Public Services", when signing up for connection of communication services, in banking applications, communication with a person is no longer perceived as a necessity. At the same time, in seemingly similar areas, the introduction of artificial intelligence has not even begun, for example, in interaction with entrepreneurs implementing investment projects. The issue of the need to introduce artificial intelligence in specialized organizations is considered in this article, based on the study of relevant literature on the implementation of artificial intelligence and survey data from specialized organizations in Russia. Proposals have been made to assess the stage of possible implementation of artificial intelligence in specialized organizations and a possible action plan.

The article is analyzed the use of cheat codes in online games. Examples of foreign law enforcement practice regarding prosecution for the creation and distribution of cheats are given. The grounds for bringing responsibility for using cheats arc considered: based on an End-user license agreement and within the current Belarusian legislation. Due to a lack of direct provisions in Belarusian law, an analysis is provided of related provisions. In conclusion, arguments are provided regarding the relevance and feasibility of bringing legal entities that act as users of online games to justice for using cheats.

The article is devoted to the features of designing automated control systems for legal activities. The subject of the study, the results of which arc presented in this article, are the features and patterns of designing automated control systems for legal activities. The purpose of the study is to consider the features and patterns of designing automated control systems for legal activities. The research methods by which the results presented in this article were obtained include general scientific methods: analysis, synthesis, induction, deduction, abstraction, generalization, modeling. In the course of the study, it was found that the process of designing automated control systems for legal activities includes several stages: 1) reengineering of legal activities in order to highlight key points in it; 2) determining which key points of legal activity are subject to automation; 3) determining a platform for the automation of legal activities; 4) creating automated systems for managing legal activities. The article also considers the factors influencing the features of each stage of designing automated control systems for legal activities.

The article focuses on the issues of application and significance of the principle of good faith in the disposition of the exclusive right.

Deepfakes are used in commercial activities to reduce costs, but there are many risks associated with the violation of intellectual property rights and individual rights. In particular, the issue of determining the legal nature of deepfakes and intellectual property objects created with the use of deepfake has not been resolved. The purpose of the scientific work is to determine the limits of legitimate use of deepfake and to find ways to prevent offenses in this area. The article describes approaches to the definition of deepfakes, risks of using this AI-tcchnology and ways to minimize them. The author analyzes the judicial practice of Russia and foreign jurisdictions on the issues of infringement of copyright for works and individual rights in digital space in connection with the use of deepfake technology.

The article considers the liability of the operator (owner) of a digital platform in case of infringement of exclusive rights to a means of individualization. It is concluded that the possibility of recognizing the platform operator as an information intermediary directly depends on the degree of participation of the platform in the relationship between the seller and the buyer. In addition, since the legislator has not established a proper period for consideration of applications for infringement of exclusive rights to trademarks on digital platforms, the author proposes to specify a period of seven days, taking into account Article 314 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, which provides for a similar period for the fulfillment of obligations, the term of performance of which was not determined by the parties.

The development of digital technologies contributes to the increase in the speed of distribution of the results of intellectual activity. Along with legal use, illegal copying of digital works is also developing. However, works of architecture and design are not classic information works. The article is devoted to the study of the relationship between the methods of using architectural and design objects on the Internet and measures of liability for violation of intellectual property rights to such objects. The norms of substantive law devoted to the regulation of architectural and design objects predetermine the specifics of the use of these objects. Sketches, projects, drawings, visualization files, photographs and other results of intellectual activity of architects and designers are protected from illegal copying and distribution on the Internet. However, the legal concept of "work of architecture" also includes a tangible architectural object. The author of the article correlates the rules and norms of Part IV of the Russian Civil Code in relation to the work with the rights of architects

The article analyzes two means of individualization of a person - a first name and a pseudonym. In modem judicial practice, it has been concluded that when creating a pseudonym, the consent of the bearer of the name is required if the name and the pseudonym coincide. The author believes that this conclusion is not entirely correct. The author believes, that the person’s right to the name is a one among the natural rights, and the same is a right to the freedom of creativity. Therefore, if the pseudonym is more well-known than the name, there is no violation of the right to the name.

The article examines the impact of artificial intelligence (Al) on intellectual property law in the digital era. It focuses on the legal challenges related to the use of copyrighted data for Al training, as well as the creation of new works based on such data. The author analyzes recent legal precedents, including lawsuits against companies like OpenAI and GitHub, which raise questions about the ethics and legality of using such data. The article also discusses the legal aspects of open-source software licensing and the challenges of protecting copyright in the context of active Al application. The author concludes that clear legal frameworks and transparency in data usage for Al training are necessary, emphasizing the importance of finding compromises in licensing and copyright protection in the new technological landscape.

The article examines the issues of depositing copyright objects using traditional databases and blockchain technology. Special attention is given to the advantages and disadvantages of each method, as well as the legal and technical challenges that may arise. The study also explores the concept of registering the existence of copyright objects without depositing them and its impact on intellectual property protection. The work aims to identify practical problems and find optimal solutions for effective copyright management.

Due to the trends in the development of society as a whole, criminology must keep up and apply more and more modem tools and techniques both for the development and application of scientific achievements in the name of preventing non-trivial crimes hitherto unseen.
Decree of the President of the Russian Federation on October 10, 2019 № 490 "On the development of artificial intelligence in the Russian Federation" announced provisions on the possible introduction of the capacities of artificial intelligence in the activities of state bodies. This study is devoted to the analysis of this subordinate regulatory provision and possible ways of its application.

In the article, the author examines the issue of trust in the institution of surety, based on the subjective aspect of this phenomenon, as well as on the provisions of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation. This issue is important when choosing a preventive measure containing aspects of surety, both on the part of law enforcement agencies and directly on the part of the suspect/accused, however, making this decision currently has a number of subjective difficulties.

We live in a constantly evolving world, in a world of various inventions and new discoveries. Over the past decades, humanity has begun to actively introduce informatization tools into its life in various types of activities, began to use information technology in such areas of life as work, study, entertainment, communication and many others. Computer games can be attributed to one of the types of entertainment, they arc played in order to distract themselves, to occupy their free time, which is why, in general, we can conclude that they arc entertaining in nature. Particular interest from law enforcement agencies is the fact that computer games themselves become a space for committing crimes such as cheating, cyberbullying, account theft, phishing attacks. The commission of such crimes has a high level of public danger due to the fact that now almost his entire life is tied to a person's data, which can be stolen from him by intruders, and they are of particular value to him. When committing such crimes, many aspects of human life suffer, for example, cyberbullying can negatively affect the emotional state of those people for whom the game becomes not just a game, but something much more.

The article outlines the importance of taking measures to combat cybercrime, using information systems in the investigation of crimes committed using information and communication technologies, and reveals the capabilities of the information and analytical system “Sled” used in the Investigative Committee of the Republic of Belarus.

The study substantiates the possibility of creating a single information evidentiary field of material evidence, providing universal procedures for the detection, seizure, evaluation and storage of material evidence in inter-branch legal relations. Digital information existing in the form of video-sound-film-lnternet files and sites, recorded on electronic media, reflecting facts, information about objects, documents, property, about the digital ruble virtual assets, cash, cultural values, transnational hacker groups, creates a single information field of digital material evidence of the crime under investigation - "digital forensic model of crime". In addition, the established procedural rules for the use of electronic information in industry legislation provide a unified normative digital model of the evidentiary value of material evidence. The multifunctional nature of digital material evidence and the possibility of its simultaneous use in proving in criminal, civil and administrative cases will allow the creation of a "unified inter-industry digital information field of material evidence." The purpose of the study is to substantiate the relevance and timeliness of the formation of a digital evidentiary field of material evidence and, above all, a clear definition of the essence, meaning and legal consequences of the use of digital technologies. Computer attacks, computer incidents, cryptocurrency, blockchain technology, robotics, authentication and identification of personal data and their use in law enforcement practice require the creation of a regulatory framework. Conclusions: the foreign and national experience of using digital terminology in formulating criminal law and procedural norms is shown. The use of new information technologies in proving will ensure the formation of a digital forensic model of crime in transnational investigations, crimes in the form of Online technologies using artificial intelligence technologies. A multi-level and multifunctional use of digital material evidence in their unity and differentiation in the system of inter-branch connections of the criminal process is proposed, which will create a single inter-branch digital information field of material evidence.

The article analyzes individual problems related to the investigation of cybercrimes by the relevant units of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, including the insufficient competence of the personnel of these units, their limited technical support, as well as the weak implementation of modern information and digital technologies in their work. The ways to solve these problems are outlined, and the prospects for combating cybercrime are assessed. In particular, it discusses the need to improve the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation and more actively implement modem information and digital technologies in the work of law enforcement agencies of Russia.

Modem digital technologies contribute to the expansion of research areas and types of biometric characteristics under investigation, but behavioral biometrics is not sufficiently involved in forensic activities. This is because dynamic characteristics arc less stable and require more computing power, time to accumulate and utilize. At the same time, they allow solving unique forensic problems and are more difficult to falsify, which makes their study a very significant and promising area of forensic science. The purpose of this paper was to examine in detail the existing limitations and prospects for the introduction of technologies for processing behavioral biometrics in crime detection and investigation.

The article is devoted to the study of forensically significant information when committing a crime under Article 171.2 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation via the Internet. The following scientific methods were used in writing the article: analysis method, system-structural, empirical. Contents of the study: in the work, based on judicial and investigative practice, important from the point of view of forensic displays of criminals' actions on the network are noted, as well as other elements of the forensic characteristics of the illegal organization and conduct of gambling. As a result: the author comes to the conclusion that in order to effectively investigate the crime under study, it is necessary to comprehensively develop an investigation methodology taking into account its forensic characteristics. The need to use such information in investigative activities is stated.

The article analyzes the problems and prospects of using OSINT technology to collect forensically significant information; studies the areas of activity in which open source intelligence is used, including law enforcement; examines publicly available sources from which forensically significant information can be obtained; systematizes Internet services and applications designed to collect data from open sources; demonstrates the effectiveness of using OSINT services in solving and investigating crimes using practical examples; proposes procedural methods for formalizing the results of using OSINT.