During the last century a great deal of work has been done in the study of the poem Yusuf Has Hajib's "Kutadgu Bilig", which was the first Turkic manuscript. In Uzbekistan, Professor Kayum Karimov did some research on translating this work in Uzbek and presented it in a language that is understandable to readers. On the other hand, this poem has been translated into several languages of the world, and much more has been done. However, there are some disadvantages in conveying its essence. These shortcomings can be seen in the fact that translations in different languages are lost in translation, with some artifacts being lost. This article compares the artistic content of the box knowledge with comparative analysis in foreign languages. Working on a scientific article, three versions were analyzed and studied. Their bytes were compared. As a result, every translation has some differences. But we can see the similarity between the translations, especially in translations by May and Ivanov. Because, separately, Walter May has translated this work from a Russian translation by Ivanov. Given that both of the above translations are translated in partnerships, we can see that they have some artwork in place. This is evident in the translation by Robert Denkoff. The main reason was that Denkoff translated this work in prose. Illustrated by specific bytes of the work, it provides a comprehensive comparison of the artistic tools used, including illustrations and epithets, in translations from four books to three different languages. Finally, it became clear that the shortcomings of some translators had a profound effect on the translation of the work without affecting the translation.
ABSTRACT
This article analyzes from a scientific point of view the Turkic translation of Mirajnama, one of the works devoted to the history of Miraj. Miraj is one of the most famous events in the history of Islam and one of the most important themes in classical oriental literature. In literature, the word "Isra" is used together with the word "Meroj". "Isra" means that the transfer of Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allaah be upon him) by the will of Allah from the Al-Haram Mosque in Mecca to the Al-Aqsa Mosque in Jerusalem during one part of the night. "Meraj" is the ascension of the last Prophet Muhammad (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) from Jerusalem to heaven to Allah. The works dedicated to this event are called "Mirajnama". Such works were originally created in Arabic literature. Later in Persian and Turkic literature, Mirajnama was formed as an independent work. Turkic translations of this work also began to appear. Our scientific article also examines the textual study of the work "Mirajnama", translated into the Turkic language.
Effective cross-cultural communication plays a pivotal role in our increasingly globalized world, and translation is a key tool in facilitating this communication. This paper explores the linguistic and cultural aspects of translation, emphasizing the importance of developing translation skills to bridge the gap between diverse languages and cultures. We delve into the complexities of translation, highlighting the challenges and nuances involved in rendering meaning accurately from one language to another. Key concepts such as cultural sensitivity, linguistic equivalence, and adaptation are discussed to demonstrate the intricate interplay between language and culture in the translation process. To aid in developing effective translation skills, this paper offers practical strategies and tips for translators, with an emphasis on the importance of context, cultural awareness, and creativity. By honing these skills, translators can enhance cross-cultural communication, foster understanding, and promote cultural exchange. This paper serves as a valuable resource for language professionals, students, and anyone seeking to improve their ability to navigate the intricate world of translation.
В статье раскрываются особенности влияния текста на национально-культурную специфику определенной культуры. Перевод художественного текста исследуется как элемент культуры, как источник информации о национальном характере, истории, мировосприятии того или иного народа в пространстве литературного наследия данной культуры
This article contains the results of the introduction, as part of experimental training, of the methodology developed by the author in the process of studying the issue of linguodidactic features of consecutive two-way interpreting. The article describes the prerequisites for the study, the interpretation of the term "translation ”, as well as some psycholinguistic features and characteristics of the mechanisms of consecutive translation activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that dramatic changes taking place in various areas of our society have led to the need to improve the quality of professional training of qualified specialists - namely, competent consecutive translators. The purpose of the article is to show the effectiveness of the developed methodology by describing the results of an experimental test of senior (3-4) students of language universities of translation faculties. Particular attention is paid to mathematical analysis and calculation of results. Theoretical methods are used: the study and analysis of pedagogical, psychological psycholinguistic literature, literature on the problems of speech, creative and cognitive activity, literature on the theory and practice of translation, analysis of the content of teaching consecutive interpreting in senior courses of a language university; empirical -observation of the educational process at the faculty of theory and practice of translation; student testing; questioning of teachers and students; conducting a training experiment, systematization and synthesis of experimental data, their interpretation. The research results consist in the fact that the specifics of consecutive two-way interpreting are disclosed to some extent, the mechanisms of memory operation in the interpretation process are described, the results of using the methodology developed by the author for teaching consecutive interpreting in conditions that are close to real by using it in teaching senior students (3-4) in language universities are presented. The author's view on teaching consecutive interpreting will be of interest to specialists both in the field of translation studies and in the field of methodology.
This article examines the influence of cultural factors on the work of translators in intcrcultural communication. In the era of globalization, it is rather problematic to define what culture is and what are the differences between its definitions. Translation is one of the means of intercultural communication. In this study, it will be considered as the decisive role of the translational process in the mediation between contiguous cultures, creating, in turn, new forms of cultural values.
Tliis article is devoted to the usefulness of the business correspondence texts while training the consecutive interpreters. In the article the lexical, grammatical and stylistic peculiarities of the business correspondence texts are described, the difficulties while interpreting of them, and the comparison of the texts in the source and target languages. The characteristics and peculiarities of the texts, given in the article, will allow increasing the quality of consecutive interpreters training, and improve the level of the education provided.
Currently, a number of scientific studies are underway to translate the masterpieces of Uzbek literature into foreign languages and samples of foreign literature into the Uzbek language, and to the scientific study of translated works. Within the framework of this topic, the study of the problem of the choice of words in literary translation is of current importance. When it comes to translations made between the Uzbek and Turkish languages belonging to the same language family, which are spoken by peoples who have a common culture, common customs and traditions, the situation often changes. It should also be recognized that the translation between these two languages has not only its advantages, but also a kind of complexity. The scientific problem posed in this article will be considered on the example of Turkish translations of the work of the famous Uzbek writer Utkur Khashimov. When choosing the topic of this study, it is taken into account that currently there are not enough scientific works devoted to urgent issues of literary translation from Uzbek into Turkish, and much remains to be done at the behest of the time. Particular attention is paid to the importance of studying the problem of word choice and stable phrases in literary translation, the role and place of bilingual dictionaries in the translation process, and the problems of transmitting “false equivalents”. The article also attempts to elucidate serious questions about the fact that a word in a literary translation from Uzbek into Turkish and the context is a means of literary interpretation of the text, and translators often encounter problems when translating the title of works. Despite the fact that the Uzbek and Turkish languages, which form the basis of this study, belong to the same language family, that most lexical and phraseological units are fundamentally different in their etymology in these languages, it requires a special approach from translators. The conclusions made during the research are confirmed by the theoretical conclusions of famous translation scholars.
The article presents current data on phenotypes, clinical manifestations and pain syndrome in osteoarthritis (OA). The main principles of treatment of pain syndrome in OA and dorsalgia in spondylarthrosis are outlined. The results of our own studies on the treatment of these patients with the use of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (Lornado) are presented.
This monograph contains the results of the implementation, within the framework of experimental training, of the methodology developed by the author in the process of studying the issue of linguodidactic features of consecutive two-way interpretation. The monograph describes the prerequisites for the study, options for interpreting the term "interpretation", as well as some psycholinguistic features and characteristics of the mechanisms of consecutive interpretation activity. The relevance of the study is due to the fact that the fundamental changes taking place in various areas of our society have led to the need to improve the quality of professional training of qualified specialists - namely, competent consecutive interpreters. The purpose of the monograph is to show the effectiveness of the developed methodology by describing the results of experimental testing of students of senior (3-4) courses at translation faculties of language universities. Particular attention is paid to mathematical analysis and calculation of results. Theoretical methods used are as follows: the study and analysis of pedagogical, psychological psycholinguistic literature, literature on the issues of speech, creative and cognitive activity, literature on the theory and practice of translation, analysis of the content of teaching consecutive translation at the senior courses of a language university; empirical - observation of the educational process at the Faculty of Translation; student testing; questioning of teachers and students; conducting a teaching experiment, systematization and generalization of experimental data, their interpretation. The results of the study are that, to some extent, the specifics of consecutive two-way interpretation are disclosed, the mechanisms of memory work in the process of translation are described, the results of using the method of teaching consecutive interpretation developed by the author in conditions close to real by using it in teaching senior students (3- 4) at language universities. The author's view on teaching consecutive interpretation will be of interest to specialists both in the field of translation studies and in the field of methodology.
The article analyses the game method, as a method of teaching consecutive interpretation of senior students of a language university. At present, the role of the interpreter as an intercultural intermediary is growing, that implies the mastery of students’ skills in interpretation activities in various communication situations. The exercises-games presented in the article allow teachers to model different types of interpretation situations in the classroom and promote the willingness of future interpreters to carry out interpretation activities in real conditions of intercultural communication.
The relevance of the purposeful formation of students’ skills in consecutive interpreting is caused, on the one hand, by increased requirements for professional training of an interpreter in the context of reforming the teaching of foreign languages at universities and, on the other hand, insufficiently systematic teaching this important type of interpreting activity to students. In order to increase the effectiveness of teaching students of a language university consecutive interpreting (Cl), it is necessary to use various exercises that take into account the psychological characteristics of undertaking interpreting activities. As the practitioners of interpreting claim, the specifics of an interpreter’s work is that (s)hc often has to deal with subject areas that (s)hc is far from due to his/her humanitarian linguistic education. That is why specialists in the field of interpretation training recommend constant expanding their horizons, trying to learn as much as possible special terminology associated with various industries and scientific knowledge. The methods described in the article contribute to the process of developing students’ skills and expanding their background knowledge.
Many works of art have been translated from Turkish into Uzbek. The contribution of Uzbek translators is significant. At the same time, the best examples of Uzbek literature are being translated into Turkish and presented to Turkish readers. The works of A. Kadyri, P. Kadyrov, A. Qahhor, O. Hoshimov and other famous writers who have made a worthy contribution to the development of Uzbek prose have reached Turkish readers today. The contribution of Turkish translators is invaluable. At the same time, Uzbek translators have made a worthy contribution to the translation of Uzbek literature into Turkish. Among them are translations of the works of the People's Writer of Uzbekistan, Hero of Uzbekistan Said Ahmad into Turkish by teachers Iristoy Kochkartoev, H. Khamidov and his students. Speaking about the analyzed works and translations, it is expedient to further develop the work in this area, to highlight some shortcomings of Uzbek translators, as well as their achievements, to conduct translations from the perspective of skilled translators.
In the article, the study of the unique manuscript of Sharafiddin Ali Yazdi "Zafarnoma" by Asomiddin Orinboev, its translation from Persian to Uzbek, the content of theintroduction, the personal opinions of the scientist on this research are analyzed based on various literature.
This article focuses on the translation of scientific and technical compound terms with Latin and Greek elements. The scientific and technical terms of the English language were studied on their transfer to the Uzbek language, as well as the Turkish language. In this case, compound terms were considered in terms of synchronic and diachronic issues. As you know, not all scientific and technical terms have their translations in Uzbek. In this regard, in the absence of a translation of the term in the Uzbek language, a translation of the term is proposed taking into account its characteristics, etymology and grammatical sides of the term. All terms were selected from the scientific book “Materials for Engineers and Technicians”.