This article deals with the connection between stylistics and cognitive linguistics. Stylistics (stylos writing, letter stick), Stylistics, methodology — studying the language styles of linguistics, studying the essence and peculiarities of functional folding in terms of lexical, phonetic, morphological, word-building and syntactic levels in terms of synchronics and diachronics, literature characterizing the norms and methods of application in various linguistic situations, in different types and genres of written literature, in different spheres of social life.
Инсульт уже много лет остается важнейшей медико-социальной проблемой. По данным ВОЗ, из числа выживших после инсульта только половина остается работоспособной. Когнитивные нарушения различной степени выраженности возникают у значительного числа больных с острым нарушением мозгового кровообращения и замедляют процесс функционального восстановления, повышают риск повторного инсульта и летального исхода. В восстановительном периоде инсульта возможен как регресс, так и значительное нарастание когнитивного дефицита. Распространенность нарушений когнитивных функций у населения, связанных с сосудистыми заболеваниями головного мозга, оказывает существенное влияние на состояние общества в целом и является одной из актуальнейших медико-социальных проблем, обусловливающих нарушение адаптации в профессиональной деятельности. , социальная и бытовая сферы.
Данная статья посвящена некоторым современным методам прикладного анализа политических ситуации и процессов, таким как контент-анализ, ивент-анализ, когнитивное картирование. Рассматривая эти методы, автор показывает сильные и слабые стороны их применения в научной практике.
Главная задача образовательной политики нашей страны на современном этапе заключается в обеспечении высокого качества образования на основе сохранения его фундаментальности и соответствия перспективным и актуальным потребностям личности, общества и государства. Принципы государственной политики в области образования определены в Законе Республики Узбекистан «Об образовании». Обучение русскому языку преследует основную цель: развитие коммуникативной компетенции обучающихся, т.е овладение русским языком как средством общения. Поскольку с каждым днём Узбекистан всё больше участвует в жизни мирового сообщества, расширяются международные связи, русский язык становится действительно необходимым во всех сферах деятельности человека. Реформы в области образования, происходящие в нашей стране, наряду с разработкой новых образовательных стандартов в связи с переходом в кредитно - модульную систему обучения, введением новых учебных дисциплин, новых учебников и учебных пособий вызывают потребность в постоянном совершенствовании методики преподавания.
According to the World Health Organization, in recent years there has been an increase in the incidence of acute respiratory viral infection. In this regard, the attention of pediatricians and otolaryngologists is attracted by acute stenosing -laryngotracheitis (ASLT). According to the data of many years of research, the number of patients with ASLT ranges from 0.1 to 0.4% of all children hospitalized with a diagnosis of acute respiratory viral infection. The development of stenosing laryngotracheitis in acute respiratory viral infection (AR.VI) dramatically aggravates the condition of sick children, and sometimes the life of a child depends on its attachment to the underlying disease.
Since the first days of independence , large-scale reforms have been consistently implemented in our country in order to improve the quality of medical care for the population . Thus, effective medical care for children ensured timely detection, early diagnosis and treatment of patients with ASLT, which made it possible to reduce the duration of their treatment in the hospital by 3-4 days.
Despite numerous scientific studies devoted to the study of the patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, the role of dysbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, the process of endogenous intoxication (El), which develops as a result of illness in children and its relationship with the course of the disease, as well as the state of the system of local and general immunity dictate the need to improve the methods of their correction in the light of modern requirements. At the same time, the causes of recurrence of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis have not been fully determined; an important task is to develop prognostic criteria for assessing the outcomes of OSLT.
Given the dissertation research to a certain extent serves to solve the problems provided for in the resolutions of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PP-2133 dated February 19, 2014 “On the State Program" The Year of a Healthy Child ’’and No. PP-2221 dated August 1, 2014 “On the State Program for Further Strengthening reproductive health of the population, protection of the health of mothers, children and adolescents in Uzbekistan for the period 2014-2018”, as well as in other legal documents adopted in this area.
Scientific research aimed at improving the methods of complex diagnostics, treatment and prevention of stenosing laryngotracheitis in children was carried out in many leading medical centers, such as the Schneider Children's Medical Center (Israel), Giessen University Hospital (Germany), St. Mary's Children's Clinic (Germany), Center of Innovative Medicine Interbalkan (Greece), Generale Clinic (Switzerland), Royal Clinic (Great Britain), Queens Medical Center (Great Britain), IDIBAPS Clinic (Spain), St. Luke's Hospital (Japan), Federal Scientific and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology FMBA of Russia (Russia) , as well as the Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute and the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Pediatrics (Uzbekistan).
As a result of the studies, criteria for assessing the risk of occurrence and recurrent course of OSLT were developed, the mechanisms that determine the sensitivity of the respiratory tract were identified (Freiburg Clinic, Germany); established endocrine dysfunction in children with primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis (Children's Hospital, Ireland); the influence of the composition of the microflora of the main loci of the body, connective tissue dysplasia, regulatory systems on the function of external respiration, the formation of threshold sensitivity and reactivity of the respiratory tract in children with recurrent stenosing laryngotracheitis (RSLT) was proved (Melbourne University, Australia).
At present, the goal of many studies in the world is to further determine at the immunomolecular level the role of specific and non-specific factors of immune protection in the pathogenesis of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis; assessment of the state of non-specific protection during OSLT; study of significant changes in the cellular link of immunity, changes in T-suppressors and partially B-lymphocytes; as well as the prevention of relapses and the improvement of methods for diagnosing and treating the disease.
As the analysis of special literature showed, a number of researchers studied the role of the allergic component and the autonomic nervous system in the pathogenesis of the development of primary and recurrent OSLT. According to the results obtained, more than 90% of sick children in the pathogenesis of primary and recurrent acute stenosing laryngotracheitis is dominated by allergic component with the identification of common and allergen-specific IgE . In addition, it has been proven that the development of OSLT in parainfluenza infection is associated with a significant increase in IgE titer and specific IgA in nasopharyngeal secretions in children with ARVI. The mechanisms of OSLT recurrence based on a significant change in the immunological reactivity of the body, which are associated with its allergization by both infectious and non-infectious agents, including adverse environmental, seasonal, meteorological and even social conditions, have been studied. It has been proven that OSLT proceeds with vegetative disorders, which, in turn, have a significant impact on the course and outcome of the underlying disease. An improved treatment of OSLT at the height of the disease is proposed, based on the use of drags, taking into account the type of initial vegetative tone of the body.
Despite numerous works devoted to the study of acute stenosing laryngotracheitis, its diagnosis and methods of treatment, the trend towards an increase in the recurrence of the disease persists, which dictates the need to study the general patterns of the infectious process in stenosing laryngotracheitis, assess the significance of the microbiocenosis of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract, disorders of the immune and interferon statuses and development of ways to correct them, predict the disease on the basis of a prognostic map, as well as improve the effectiveness of treatment and preventive measures.
Occlusive disorders are often an etiological factor in the occurrence of periodontal diseases, dysfunctions of the temporomandibular joint, parafunctions of the masticatory muscles and other pathologies of the dentition. Currently, one of the methods for analyzing the occlusal contacts of the dentition and detecting occlusal disorders is a computer analysis of the occlusion of the teeth. In recent years, computer analysis of dental occlusion has turned into a high-tech clinical tool that makes it possible to assess functional occlusion, the time sequence of the occurrence of contacts, the pressure on the occlusal surface that occurs when the teeth of the upper and lower jaw interact during the movement of the lower jaw. Computer processing of occlusiograms, especially in digital format, allows for a more complete examination, diagnosis, drawing up a rehabilitation plan for patients and evaluating the results of treatment.