Currently, in the Republic of Uzbekistan there is a noticeable expansion of intercultural and inter-literary relations with foreign countries, as well as an increase in interest in fiction, which makes it necessary to pay close attention to translations of world literature into Uzbek and the best works of Uzbek literature into world languages. Translation of works of fiction is a very complex phenomenon, one of the main tasks of which is an adequate interpretation of the literary text. The translator must correctly translate the text from the original language, i.e. to convey both the meaning of the translated work and the image created by the writer, only then the reader will have a feeling of an adequate aesthetic perception of what he read. To translate correctly the conceptual and emotional content of a work, translation transformations help. According to Komissarov, translation transformations are formal-semantic in nature, transforming the form and meaning of the original units. That is, translation transformations are a method of translation used in the translation of various original texts in cases where for a word from the original language there is no correspondence in the translated language or the existing word cannot be used in this context In this article, one is considered. In this paper, one of the important aspects of translation studies is considered - grammatical transformations. When working on them, such types of transformations as grammatical substitutions,combined sentences, decomposition of sentences, literally translation will be considered. As a material for the study of examples of grammatical transformations, the material of P. Kadyrov’s novel “Yulduzli tunlar. Bobur ” and its translations into Russian (made by Y. Surovtsev and published under the title,“ Babur ”) and into Urdu from Uzbek (made by Manzur Salim and published under the title translated into Urdu" نیدلاریہظ رباب "). It should be noted that the translations were made from Uzbek into Russian, and already from Russian into Urdu. The article considers and systematizes lexical transformations that occur during translation into multisystem languages.
New historical approaches to understanding the interpenetration of the history of culture, history of art, history of science, ethics, religion were proposed by the authoritative French School of Annales, which worked since the twenties of the last century. Representatives of this school actively break the tightness of individual forms of spiritual activity, discover the continuous and mutually enriching filiation of ideas in culture, and, thanks to this, recreate a holistic picture of the forms of human mental plasticity in history.
The article examines the degree of influence of political Islam on the processes of modernization, geopolitics, as well as socio-political development, including the need to create a scientific basis for regulating religious relations in Arab African countries, which have become a source of instability. In this context, political processes in North Africa and the Middle East are studied. The processes of social and political transformations have influenced the political systems of Tunisia, Egypt, Libya and other Gulf countries. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that the wave of socio-political transformations that began in December 2010 in Tunisia and Algeria, called the “Arab Spring”, was a phenomenon caused by a difficult internal situation, as well as internal and external factors that triggered these events. Also, the result of social and religious unrest was the overthrow of the ruling regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, Libya. They led to changes in the ruling elite in Yemen and to this day the struggle continues between the Syrian government and the opposition. If the demonstrations against the regime in Tunisia, Egypt and Yemen were based on the internal socio-economic crisis, corruption of the ruling elite, the absence of genuine democratic freedoms and ethno-confessional confrontation, then the support of external forces was a key factor in Libya and Syria. These events spanned the entire Arab world, with the exception of Somalia, Mauritania and the Comoros, and led to a change in their political systems, structures, as well as the political future of states. The influence of the “Arab spring” on North Africa and the Middle East is not the same. As a result of the political and economic upheavals of the Arab Spring, countries such as Tunisia, Egypt, Yemen, Bahrain, Libya, Syria were seriously affected by them. And on Morocco, Jordan, Lebanon, Algeria, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia and Oman, they had only a superficial influence. At the same time, changes in the socio-political situation in each of the countries of the region directly affect their neighboring states. Recent events in the Middle East and North Africa have created a more complex and interdependent situation, which has led to changes in the relations of security and stability not only in neighboring regions, but also in the world.
Сўнгги йилларда мамлакатимизда иқтисодиётнинг барча соҳа ва тармоқларида барқарор иқтисодий ўсишни таъминлашга қаратилган кенг кўламли ислоҳотлар фаоллик билан амалга оширилмоқда. Мақолада мамлакатимизда банк инновацияларининг жорий этилиши ҳолати кўриб чиқилди. Ўзбекистонда рақамли иқтисодиёт шароитида банк инновацияларини жорий этишнинг ташкилий асослари муҳокама этилиб, уларни татбиқ этиш бўйича хулоса ва таклифлар ишлаб чиқилган.
Рассмотрены различные подходы к проведению цифровых преобразований, цифровой трансформации бизнеса и использованию инструментов цифровой трансформации. Изучены существующие модели цифровой трансформации. Выявлены необходимые составляющие бизнеса, цифровая трансформация которых позволит повысить уровень цифровой зрелости для успешного развития бизнеса в рамках цифровой экономики. Рассмотрена важность каждой составляющей, при- ведённой в научных исследованиях, определены необходимые элементы модели цифровой трансформации, без которых проведение цифровой политики не будет эффективным. Приведена модель направлений цифровой трансформации. Охарак теризована важность каждого направления модели цифровой трансформации.
In modern conditions, digital transformation of banking sector of the Republic of Uzbekistan is an integral part of the process of establishing digital economy. The basis for digital transformation of financial and credit organizations is optimal digital strategy, development and implementation of which requires taking into account specifics of particular organization. The article analyzes various approaches to digital transformation of banking sector and assesses the prospects for their application in accordance with various needs for transformation of one or another structural element of organization.
The article presents the results of a sociological study comparing modern views with the views of ancient philosophers on transfarmational visual freedom. In particular, the comparison process took into account their point of view on the subject of their relevance and differences from each other. Within the framework of the research, hypotheses were developed that the opinions of ancient philosophers contribute to the correct interpretation of the concept of freedom, that the existing freedom in modern society has a similar side to freedom in antiquity, that the concept of freedom has an unequal transformational character. With the help of a sociological conversation, attempts were made to find answers to these questions. The results of the study were summarized and based on the current problem of freedom
Today, the attention of all countries of the world and international organizations is directed to the Middle East region. The Middle East is a strategically important region and has enormous energy potential, including a large amount of hydrocarbons. In this regard, we can say that the stability of this region directly affects the stability of the world as a whole. Historically, the Middle East has been a very attractive territory for various reasons. The one who controlled this strategically important zone possessed tremendous power and wealth. Despite the declining role of the region as a crossroads between different continents in connection with the development of the global system of transport communications, the strategic importance of the Middle East in recent decades has not only not decreased, but, on the contrary, has grown significantly. Also, the energy factor remains the main reason for the increased attention to the region. As you know, the technologies of modern civilization are almost completely dependent on the extraction of organic energy. Therefore, the distribution of resources has gradually turned into one of the most important elements in building the current system of international relations. The desire to establish control over them is the cause of numerous conflicts in the region.
Ushbu maqolada ilmiy-ommabop matnlarning o’ziga xos xususiyatlari, ularning jamiyat rivojida tutgan o’rni, stilistik figura tushunchasi, ilmiy ommabop matnlarda stilistik figuralarni qo’llanilish zarurati haqida so’z yuritilgan. Ingliz tilidan o’zbek tiliga o’girilgan ilmiy-ommabop matnlardagi stilistik figuralardan namunalar keltirilgan va tahlilga tortilgan. Stilistik figuralar tarjimasining o’ziga xos usullari haqida ma’lumot berilgan.
This article is the first to carry out a scientific analysis of the study of the history of the Turkic official style, and the division into stages and periodization of the development of the history of the Turkic official style from the ancient period to the Middle Ages. The emergence of the Turkic official style and its historical development until the 16th century can be divided into four successively connected, and at the same time, stages with their own characteristics: I. Office-work of the most ancient period (from the III century BC to the VI century). II. Office work during the reign of the Turkish kaganates (VI-IX centuries). This stage, in turn, can be divided into two periods: 1) Office work during the period of the First and Second Turkish Khaganates (VI-VIII centuries); 2) Office work during the Uyghur Khaganate (VIII-IX centuries). III. Office work in the 9th – 13th centuries. This stage of the Turkic office work is also divided into two periods: 1) Office work during the reign of the Karakhanids (from the second half of the X century to the end of the XII century); 2) Office work during the reign of the Kuchu and Hansu states (IX-XIII centuries). IV. Office work in the XIII-XVI centuries. This stage of Turkic records management is divided into the following periods: 1) Office work among the Chigatai ulus (XIII-XIV centuries). 2) Office work in the state of the Golden Horde and subsequent khanates (from the first half of the XIV century to the second half of the XVI century). 3) Office work in the Timurid state (from the second half of the XIV century to the XVI century). 4) Office work of the early period of the Ottoman Sultanate (from the second half of the 15th to the 16th century In the historical development of the Turkic official style, the office work of the period of the Turkic Khaganates, the period of the Karakhanids and the period of the Temurids are of particular importance.
The article examines the main features of political transformation in political institutes and processes in the light of new paradigm of "New world order" management; reveals a doctrinal role of so called. "The theory of chaos control" in the formation and realization of modern political strategies in XXI century. First of all, a number of authors propose specialized monitoring of strategic planning and current governance practices, taking into account the inadequacies and uncertainties of current international processes. Such monitoring is based on the goals of universal international organizations (UN), regional alliances (EI), international economic and financial institutions (IMF) can be compared. The recording of such processes requires the adjustment of the relevant legal framework regulating the areas of international cooperation. For example, global markets may be self-organized or "thoroughly penalized" with international penalties. So far, the possibility of a fully centralized and effective international management system is far from likely. In addition, globalization seems to be the most powerful in sophisticated dynamic systems in the synergetic literature. The "multiple vector inequalities" have been replaced by the equality dynamics during the Cold War era. Instead of a single major conflict (East-West, North-South), local conflicts can be brought to the global catastrophe (ex. Middle East, Syria, Ukraine). The balance of deviance equates to the imbalance of instability. According to some authors, the aspiration for the position of a "world governor" in globalizing conditions is extremely dangerous: no state can manage the coordinating functions in complex dynamic systems, such as planetary globalization. Finally, some authors link the global instability of the modern world with the phenomenon of the US-led Center for Forces. Researchers write about "chaos forces", "crisis management crises" strategies and "executive chaos." Perhaps it is possible to use the concept of non-tolerance and the concept of chaos in the interests of the customer's controlled chaos, i.e., to strengthen the dominant position of a single powerful state. One of the most serious threats of globalization is the instability of the financial markets in the self-regulating process. The global financial crisis can lead to a series of breaks in the regional market. That's why the strategy of the "managed crisis" in the economy (for example, powerful states like the US or Russia) is to weaken the most dangerous potential competitors without endangering the global economy.
Мазкур мақолада рақамли иқтисодиёт тушунчаси, рақамли иқтисодиётга хос бўлган технологик ўзгаришлар, хизмат кўрсатиш соҳасини ривожлантириш бўйича олиб рақамлаштириш соҳасидаги ўзгаришлар
масалалари ёритиб берилган, олиб борилган тадқиқот натижасида муаллифлар томонидан амалий тавсиялар илгари сурилган.
Два процесса современности: глобализация и пандемия - оказывают наиболее серьезное и противоречивое влияние на человечество. Глобализация - это основной геополитический фактор, оказывающий решающее влияние на ход мировых процессов в целом и на изменение политических, экономических и культурных сценариев развития отдельных стран. Это процесс, властно влияющий на характер современных моделей жизни обществ и государств мира.
Current epidemiological situation in morbidity and mortality in the world is characterized in the article, main social and economic indicators supporting spread of infectious agents are presented, principles, concepts and main provisions of WHO Expanded Program of Immunization (EPI) and three stages of EPI are presented. Topical issues of specific protection (vaccination) are highlighted, missed opportunities and ways to overcome them are shown. Attention is drawn to three main sources of evolutionary formation of human infectious diseases and various points of view concerning causes and mechanisms of evolutionary transformation by changing mechanism of transmission of microorganisms to the main host - microorganism are discussed.
SUMMARY
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), every year about 2 billion people fall ill with infectious diseases in the world. At the same time, infectious diseases account for almost 25% of all deaths, and in developing countries this figure reaches up to 45%. Thus, infectious diseases remain one of leading causes of death in the world. According to the WHO, out of about 50% of million people, 16-17 million die from infection and only 10 million from cardiovascular diseases. Out of 10 main causes of death on earth, 7 are somehow associated with infectious diseases.
Ushbu maqola shuni ko'rsatadiki, raqamli transformatsiyaning afzalliklaridan iqtisodiyotda hamma foydalanishini ta'minlash ambitsiyalariga erishishda muhim rol o'ynaydi.Raqamli iqtisodiyotning aholi turmush darajasiga ijobiy
va salbiy ta’sirlari mavjud bo’lib, bunga to’liq moslashgunga qadar ba’zi mamlakatlar qiyinchiliklarga duch keladi.