The most important part of the culture of all nations is its literature, which has deep
traditions and absorbed all the artistic experience of past eras. Modern authors expand the reader’s horizons, using archetypal plots, images, ideas and projecting them into the modern world. The modification of the cultural values of the past serves as the creative tasks of contemporary writers who seek to reimagine the modern world through mythopoetics.
The article is devoted to the structural-semantic classification of stylistic means of repetition in different language levels. Language is a mirror of culture, on the basis of which not only the real world around a person, not only the real living conditions of a person, but also the social consciousness of an entire nation, its mentality, national character, way of life, traditions, custom, psyche, value system, worldview, worldview. Language is a tool of culture, a weapon. It forms the worldview, mentality, communication with people, that is, through the culture of the nation, as well as through this language, which is used as a unit of communication, through a direct connection between the speaker and the language. As a form of human activity, language is an integral part of culture and is defined as the overall result of human activity in such aspects of human life as production, social and spiritual. But as a form of the mental world and, most importantly, as a unit of communication, language stands side by side with culture. Through the language itself, knowledge gained from individuals becomes a community experience that allows people of the same people and of the same culture to understand each other despite different experiences and diversity of knowledge. The man has long expressed his attitude to the events taking place in the environment. This attitude was realized, first of all, through various actions, voices, passions. Then emotions were expressed in words, phrases, dances. And then people come up with fictional stories explaining the origin of the world, nature, animals, plants, mountains, water. Guys, girls weave love songs. Myths and legends arise about the brave and courageous young men of the tribe, about their extraordinary heroism. All of this is still gaining popularity among the population who lived in communities before the advent of written culture. Today we are accustomed to calling them “folk oral creations”. The harmony of language, culture and folklore has always attracted the attention of researchers.
Бугунги давр ривожланган давлатлар қаторига қўшилиш, мамлакатимизда бозор ислоҳотларини чуқурлаштириш, жамиятни ижтимоий-иқтисодий ривожлантириш, аҳолини ижтимоий ҳимоялаш, ижтимоий хизматларнинг кенг тизимини яратиш, меҳнат бозорини ривожлантириш ва аҳоли турмуш д аражасини кўтариш имконини беру вчи ҳуқуқий асосларини мукаммаллаштириш зарурлиги билан изоҳланади. Утган қарийб 30 йиллик истиқлол даврида инсон, унинг ҳаёти, орзуси, дарду ташвишларини кун тартибига қўйишни ва бу борадаги ишлар кўлами самарадорлигини оширишни ҳаётнинг ўзи тақозо этмоқда. AMMO ҳал этилиши зарур бўлган муаммолар жамиятни асосий бўғинини ташкил этувчи оилаларнинг кундалик ташвишлари билан ҳам боғлиқ эканлигини замоннинг ўзи намоён этмоқда.
When business on an equal basis with legal standards, a huge function is performed by non-legal sources. This article explores the system of non-legal sources, their characteristics, the ratio of legal and non-legal sources. It is concluded that the regulation of business should not be keen on its settlement. spaces for the mplementation of initiative and self-reliance of entrepreneurs should be abandoned.
The article describes such concepts as culture in the system of globalization, public and cultural diplomacy, as well as some aspects of their implementation in the digital age, including the impact of cultural diplomacy carried out using digital technologies and being one of the elements of public diplomacy on international relations. The link between the decision of the elites and what measures were taken in the future is mentioned separately. It is also noted about the phenomenon of glocalization, that is, cultural character-istics and national values that are subject to modification in the context of globalization.
The article is devoted to the develjpment of national ideology and democracy, in particular, national identity, the need to stude the ancient and rich history of our Motherland and the harmony of ethnic, national and universal values.
The article analyzes regional cooperation among Central Asian countries based on identity dimension. The peoples of the region share common cultural and civilizational values, economic ties, history, ethnic and linguistic kinship, common security challenges and threats. This allows us to declare that now regional interaction is a priority for political, social, economic and cultural and humanitarian spheres of life among Central Asian states. The presence of regional identity is an important foundation for regional cooperation and acts as a guarantor of deepening interstate relations in Central Asia. The development of regional cooperation strengthens the role of Central Asia as an independent subject of international relations system.
The spiritual heritage of Sufism - the heritage of all the peoples of the Islamic world. And this spiritual heritage belongs to all mankind. In today's era of globalization, when small national cultures remain under the strong influence of powerful cultures, the scientific study of Sufism, which made a huge contribution to the development of world civilization for 1200 years. Sufism is the historical essence of the peoples of the region, appreciated as the highest way of philosophical and artistic thinking of man. It's no secret that today's person suffers from a spiritual poverty and the mental crisis. Spiritual and philosophical teachings, such as Sufism, are a unique vaccine from such crises. The work done by global scientists by history and the philosophy of Sufism, like a drop of the sea. This is only the beginning. There is still a lot of work in this regard, and there is still valuable research in this area. Therefore, it is natural that the joint study, study and presentation of this religious, philosophical, moral and aesthetic teaching as the general heritage of our peoples to the world scientific community will give positive results.
Инсоният ҳаётида матбуот доим муҳим ўрин тутиб келган. Ривожланиш босқичидан ўтаётган ҳар қандай жамиятда ҳар қандай ижтимоий-сиёсий ҳаракат матбуотсиз, газета ва журналларсиз тасаввур қилиб бўлмайди. Даврий нашрлар ўзининг ҳар битта соҳага таъсир ўтказа олиш хусусияти билан аҳамиятли: «Маълумки, матбуот ижтимоий ҳаётни акс эттириш кўринишларидан бири, реал воқеликни билиш, тадқиқ этиш ҳамда унга таъсир кўрсатишнинг муҳим воситасидир». [1] Таъсир қилиш мобайнида у ўша соҳанинг камчилик-ютуқларини, келажак ва ўтмишини рўй-рост айта олмиши керак. Она тили ҳар бир давлатнинг энг муҳим бойлиги, ғурури, фахри ҳисобланади. Унга қандай, муносабатда бўлинса бу ўша халққа қилинган муносабат бўлади. бекорга халқ орасида «Тилга ихтиёрсиз элга- эътиборсиз» дейилмаган. Шу боисдан ҳам азалдан олимларимиз ва тил учун қайғурадиган ҳар қандай инсон фикрларини мақола шаклига келтирган ва рўзномалар орқали халққа етказган.
This article is devoted to the question of the formation and transmission of ethnocultural meanings in an artistic text. The object of the article is culturally significant dominant senses, revealed on the basis of the analysis of a literary text. The subject of the article are ethnocultural meanings. And although the word in its totality conveys only a part of the concept or ethnocultural sense, it helps to restore or reconstruct the latter. The material for the article was the concepts in the novel Kawabata Yasunari “Thousand-winged Crane”. The purpose of the article is to present the identification of ethnocultural meanings based on the analysis of Kawabata Yasunari’s novel “The thousand-winged crane”. The main method of analysis of the material is an integrative method of analysis, as well as the methodology of conceptual analysis. This article discusses the traditions and innovations of the cultural life of the Japanese people on the material of the thousand-winged crane Kawabata Yasunari's novel. The problems associated with the tea ceremony in the system of Japanese national culture are investigated. Traces the values of Japanese society, its linguocultural conceptual sphere. The most striking in this case is the linguocultural concept “tea ceremony”, which implies the life ideals of the bearers of Japanese culture, both in the material and in the spiritual sense. It should be emphasized that every Japanese puts his meaning in this concept. “Ethnoconcept” - tea ceremony, kimono, symbolic rituals for Japanese culture are implemented in the Qawabata Yasunari novel “Thousand-winged Crane” as a composite basis, landscape background, national aesthetics in the novel. It is observed as a concept of "kimono" is a segment of the interpretational field of the concept of "tea ceremony" and incorporates the signs of the national seasonal culture. Kawabata Yasunari uses the tea ceremony not only to create national space and ritual, but as an opportunity to reveal the national character. Psychological, aesthetic and cultural traditions are analyzed, the basic principles of “tjado” are harmony, reverence, purity and tranquility, especially the organization of artistic time and space in the novel. On the background of the tea ceremony, images of Kikuzhi and Yukiko are revealed. Traced the art of detail in the novel. The thing, the interior is their independent compositional and semantic meaning.
Manuscripts stored in libraries, museums and archives of the world reflect the centuries-old history of civilizations, and attract with their philosophical and religious significance. Turkic-Islamic culture, which is part of the world cultural heritage, has made a significant contribution to the history of science. In this regard, the disclosure of the philosophical, religious, ethical and aesthetic values of Muslim manuscripts and their involvement in research sounds relevant. The handwritten works created by the Turkic people are rich in examples of calligraphy, miniatures and ornaments. In handwritten books, written with the use of perfect stationery, the level of elegance of miniatures, ornaments and tazkhibs, ornaments is especially high, which in general increased the beauty of the binding made in the oriental style. Today, these works are not only researched from a scientific point of view, but are also the spiritual heritage of the past, preserved as museum relics. Based on the research work, it should be noted that the topic
has a scientific-theoretical, philosophical and religious significance, and testifies to the
preservation in the world's archives of the valuable spiritual heritage of centuries-old history.
The article is devoted to the study of the philosophical, religious, ethical and aesthetic
values of the art of Turkic-Islamic manuscripts. The introduction broadly discusses the relevance of the topic. The author then examines the works created by Turkic and other scholars under the influence of Islamic culture in historical sources and manuscript books on the topic. The final part of the research work summarizes the scientific novelty of the topic, the article reflects the main scientific results. Also, the work presents the main
conclusions and provisions arising from the study.
The rich spiritual-cultural, religious-philosophical heritage, national values, customs and traditions of the Turkish people have been restored. In these years, great work is being done to restore Islamic values, which are an integral part of our spirituality. Until now, the religious-philosophical heritage of the enlightened scientist serves as an important source for researches on the history and sciences of Islam at the universities of Vienna, Bonn, Istanbul, Manchester, Göttingen. With his important philosophical works and rich scientific heritage, he left a certain mark on the development of not only Islamic but also world philosophy. Ahmad Zaki Walidi was forced to live and create abroad due to his idea of national enlightenment and due to certain historical circumstances, facing persecution and difficulties. During the time of the Soviets, under the label of nationalism, his teachings were not studied and his works were not published. The study of some of his published works was strictly prohibited. As long as this is the case, the religious-philosophical analysis of the teachings of the enlightened scientist, the independent study of his ideas from the point of view of national and universal culture are of urgent importance.
Проблема ценностей приобретает все большую значимость в современном обществе, где господство технического производства приобретает доминирующий характер со своими не только позитивными, но и негативными последствиями.
The Cold War was not only traditional in international relations next phase of the struggle for world domination, but also an ideological war aimed to impose on the opposing powers a certain value system, social structure, political regime, etc. As a result the ideological conflict of the opposing powers became an important component of the Cold War. With the end of the Cold War the problems of «end of history» and the “end of ideologies” were actualized on the West. It became about an axiom that the world politics lost its ideological dimension. In fact, however, ideological component is deeply integrated into the emerging «new» world order. Even the dominance of Western countries in the emerging system of international relations was legitimated by the postulates of neo-liberalism. The coming to power in the USA of president D. Trump and changes in American foreign policy stress a deep transformation in the modern system of international 51 relations. Unconditional dominance of the liberal paradigm in global scale is gradually coming to an end. This process is accelerated due to the completion of the «unipolar moment» in world politics and process of step by step formation of a polycentric world order. The world is entering to a turbulent era. And one of its main features will probably be decline of ideology influence and the strengthening of political realism as an intellectual dominant in making decisions in dynamic and unclear international environment.
Бугунги кунда мамлакатимизнинг барча соҳаларида, хусусан илм-фан, маданият, таълим соҳасидаги ислоҳотлар, кенг кўламли демократик ўзгаришлар орқали янгиланаётган Узбекистан, ўз олдига Учинчи Ренессанс - ижтимоий-иқтисодий, маънавий-маданий юксалиш пойдеворини яратишни мақсад қилиб қўйди. Узбекистон Республикаси Президента Ш.М. Мирзиёев Уқитувчи ва мураббийлар кунига бағишланган тантанали маросимдаги нутқида Учинчи Ренессанснинг мазмун-моҳиятига эътибор қаратиб: “Тарихга назар солсак, Буюк ипак йўлининг чорраҳасида жойлашган она заминимиз азалдан юксак цивилизация ва маданият ўчоқларидан бири бўлганини кўрамиз. Халқимизнинг бой илмий-маданий мероси, тошга муҳрланган қадимий ёзувлар, бебаҳо меъморий обидалар, нодир қўлёзмалар, турли осори атиқалар давлатчилик тарихимизнинг уч минг йиллик теран илдизларидан далолат беради” [1], - деб таъкидлади. Шунингдек бой маънавий меросимизни тадқиқ этиш методологииясини ишлаб чиқиш ҳамда унинг мазмун моҳиятини халқимизга, айниқса ёшларга тушунарли тилда етказиб бериш масалаларига алоҳида эътибор қаратди.
This article deals with the analyse role of Japan in modern international relations. In the conditions of globalization each state within its interests relies on having resources and in accordance with it in the frame of the article is focused on the peculiarities of foreign policy of Japan where appears unique civilizational , cultural, technological, basis of modern Japanese society. The special attention pays on specific forming of “smart powers” equally with “hard power”. “Joseph Nye means“ hard power ”means aggregate political, economic and military power, “soft power” is mainly characterized by culture, values and political ideology, and “smart power” is an effective combination of “hard power” and “soft power” as the most applicable and adequate, from the point of view of modern conditions, mechanism for ensuring national security and the implementation of foreign policy tasks”. According to J. Nye, there are “three possible ways of influencing other actors: 1) coercion and bribery, constituting “hard power”, and 2) using your attractiveness, that is,“soft power”. The development of these concepts has become the so-called 3) “smart power” - an approach that uses a combination of “hard” and “soft” power”. The famous Japanese scientist D.T. Suzuki points out that Zen teaching is one of the components of the phenomena of Japanese culture. He notes that “Zen not only directly affected the religious life of the Japanese, but also influenced their culture as a whole”. This can be seen by observing the development of Japanese culture. Exploring the meanings of “soft power” in the policy of the government of Japan, it should be noted that, unlike other states, it primarily relies on the unique characteristics of Japanese culture and values. To develop its conceptual framework in 2004, an Advisory Council for the Promotion of Cultural Diplomacy was created, led by professor at Hosei University Tamotsu Aoki, one of the tasks of which was to improve the image of Japan in the world . Given the current features of global development, the created Advisory Council turned its attention "to the promotion of popular culture as a starting point for understanding Japan." Cultural products such as manga (comics) and anime (animated films) carry aesthetic feelings and traditional artistry.
The formation of the national identity of each nation begins, first of all, with the realization of its spiritual values. The spiritual heritage of the peoples of the East has always been steeped in moral values. Well-known encyclopedic scholar, thinker, poet Umar Khayyam became one of the
original masterpieces of the Eastern Renaissance due to his unique work, which had a great
impact not only on the development of the Islamic world, but also the entire world civilization. The services of the translator and orientalist Shoislom Shomuhamedov, an expert on the works of Umar Khayyam, are of great importance in acquainting our people with the rubai of Umar Khayyam and the worldview of the thinker reflected in him.
Although almost a thousand years have passed, the work of Umar Khayyam has aroused great interest among scholars, philosophers and poetry lovers. Even today, there are many philosophers, literary critics and linguists among our contemporaries who are interested in the work of the thinker and are interested in scientific research in order to study it in depth. The works of teacher Shoislom Shomuhamedov in this area serve as an important scientific source for us and for future generations.
The article provides a comprehensive scientific overview of the formation of existing socio-political institutions in each traditional society and their impact on the specific features, directions and interaction of the formation of the institution of arbitration with modernity, and makes a number of suggestions and recommendations.