This article identifies some unusual compounds used by the author in literary texts, and analyzes the main role of these compounds in expressing the content of the work, as well as their linguistic and poetic features. The use of such unusual combinations not only demonstrates the creative potential of the writer, but also enhances the artistic and aesthetic content and color of the work, increasing the reader's interest in reading the work.
This article is devoted to the study of the specific peculiarities of the French translation of conceptual metaphors in the Uzbek language on the basis of French translations of the works of E. A’zam. In order to reveal the peculiarities of the French translation of conceptual metaphors in the Uzbek language, three samples of E.A’zam's works and their translations by Sh.Minovarov were investigated. The analyzed metaphors were selected according to their originality, expression in translation, and level of influence on the content of the text. The classifications included to the content of orientational, structural, and ontological metaphors were expanded based on sources related to the semantic types of metaphors.
This article deals with the issue of surplus product which is an important, tangled knot of economics that exists at all times, in all countries, in all social systems, regardless of the boundaries of time and space, causing controversy and debate among many scholars. Attempts are made to shed light on issues such as new content of the surplus product as a source of economic development, its difference from value added, its forms, mass, norm, components.
Microbiological research was carried out by PCR method in 42 persons aged 25-60 years (men - 24 and women - 18), installed and Osseo integrated DIO dental implants, which were prototyped by metal-ceramic crowns, with temporary fixation on Tempo Bond NE. After 20 days, a follow-up visit was scheduled. All the examined patients were taken biological substrate of gingival fluid from the para-implant furrow using paper endodontic pins (№ 25). Exposure of two pins was made within 30 seconds with the help of tweezers between the peri-implant cuff and the crown, biological substrate of gum liquid was taken from the parai-implant furrow. The biological substrate was transported and tested according to the manufacturer's recommendations. When studying the content in patients with orthopedic constructions on dental implants by PCR method we observed high frequency of occurrence of Streptococcus sobrinus (69,3%), Streptococcus sanguis (48,6%) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (41,9). Relatively similar data on the content of these microorganisms were obtained in the molecular genetic study of Streptococcus oralis samples (22.7%). Obviously, it is the combined effect of the most frequently diagnosed pathogens and peculiarities of interaction of anaerobic agents of parasitocenosis that can determine the nature of inflammatory and destructive process in the peri-implant zone.
This article is dedicated to the preparation and content of methodological tasks aimed at ensuring the integrity of subjects in order for future teachers of mathematics and informatics to have excellent knowledge and skills in specialized subjects. Teachers of mathematics and informatics study the content of these two subjects, mainly on the basis of a separate tendency, or the possibilities of solving certain standard tasks with the help of electronic resources are considered.
The article presents in project form examples of problems in algebra and geometry with different requirements for execution in one of the MS Excel office programs and discusses an example of solving such problems. At the same time, the knowledge and skills that need to be acquired from mathematics and computer science to complete a typical task are highlighted. In addition, the possibilities of creating tasks of the same level of complexity using the capabilities of the MS Excel program, combining prepared tasks in the form of options, as well as preparing tasks based on the principle of multivariance in the learning process were considered
The aim of the work was to study the state of the prostacyclin-thromboxane system (PTS)
and platelet functions in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD). 86 patients with CHD
were examined. The state of PTS was examined by the content of prostacyclin and
thromboxane in the blood, determined by radioimmunological method. Platelet hemostasis
was studied by the aggregation properties of platelets and the platelet release reaction for
β-thromboglobulin determined by radio immunological method. In patients with IHD,
pronounced violations of the prostacyclin-thromboxane balance in the direction of the
predominance of thromboxane and an increase in the functional activity of platelets,
expressed in increased aggregation and platelet release reaction. In patients with IHD
with post infarction cardio sclerosis, the level of prostacyclin in the blood significantly
exceeds the level in patients without myocardial infarction. The content of prostacyclin and
thromboxane in the blood does not differ in patients with stable angina of functional
classes III and IY.
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common and serious diseases, which in the world suffer from 3 to 12% of the child population of the globe. Proportion of adolescents with asthma, is one third of all children with this disease. High prevalence of asthma in the numbers of teenagers, characteristics of the disease, age-related aspects of the functioning of the endocrine and immune systems of teenagers that cause difficulties which arise in the course of the diagnostic process, highlight the need to find innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
It is known that the key immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the vast majority of AD cases is real and indisputable fact. Currently, considerable interest to researchers involved in the pathogenesis of positions of allergic diseases, especially asthma, along with IL-4 and IL-13 causes a number of other (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-5, INF-a and INF-y) immunoregulatory cytokines.
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Currently available data on the relationship with asthma and associated with disease symptoms polymorphism approximately 150 genes. Important role as the main contender for the predisposition to asthma gene is a gene encoding flchain of high affinity receptor IgE. Interaction elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE with FceRip plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Particularly attractive candidate gene asthma is also one of the enzyme genes biotransformation - GSTirl, encoding glutathione S-transferase and л1 express almost exclusively in the pulmonary tissue. This gene is located at the locus 11 ql 3, for which repeatedly shown clutch with atopic symptoms. Accumulated in the literature say about the relationship of gene polymorphism FceRI, GSTnl with different allergic diseases.
From this perspective, the study of immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease for the construction of rational treatment and prevention emphasizes the relevance of this thesis research.
From the earliest days of independence, the country has successfully implemented state programs aimed at reforming the health care system. As a result, the targeted implementation of organizational health and research activities aimed at effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment of asthma among adolescents, with some success in the treatment of this disease in the country. However, now the problem of early diagnosis and the development of effective programs for treatment and prevention among adolescents with asthma remain one of the most important issues of modern health care. This research work was carried out in the framework of the tasks set by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to improve the health of women and the younger generation," dated 25.01.2002 for the №32. In this regard, the need to deepen the information received about the state of cellular and humoral immunity among adolescents, asking pathogenetic informative immunogcnctic studies in asthma arc one of the important criteria demand the dissertation topic.
Purpose of research is study the immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of asthma in adolescents and form the basis of this plan rational diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology.
In To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
to establish the clinical course of asthma in the population of adolescents living in the Samarkand region, in the early stages of the pathological process in the bronchopulmonary system.
explore the features of the state of cellular and humoral immunity, as well as activation markers in asthma in adolescence by determining the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
to examine the level of production of immunorcgulatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interfcron-y and install them pathogenetic informative in asthma among adolescents.
to determine the features of distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic variants of genes and FceRip GSTnl population Uzbek people with asthma, compared with the healthy part of the population.
examine the clinical and immunological aspects effectiveness of therapies using drugs and polioksidony tsikloferon in patients with asthma in adolescence.
on the basis of studies to develop a multivariate model of formation of bronchial asthma and develop an optimal algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention in adolescents with this pathological condition.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
proposed introduction to the work of doctors teen clinics layered approach testing can significantly improve the detection rate of asthma in adolescence and optimize treatment and preventive measures in high-risk groups;
first defined the peculiar characteristics of the quantitative parameters of the immune status of patients with asthma in the cohort of adolescence and the corresponding proposed regulations and guidance documents for the healthy part of the adolescent population;
for the first time presents a comprehensive assessment of the cytokine profile of blood serum in bronchial asthma in adolescents. Specific features of products immunorcgulatory cytokines IL-6 and INF-y and their pathogenetic and regulatory information content in asthma among adolescents;
first analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants and gene FceRip GSTirl among patients with different phenotypic variants of AD and healthy individuals of Uzbek nationality, which resulted in the identified markers of increased risk or, conversely, resistance to the development of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity;
algorithms for phase diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescence in terms of disclosure of important moments of the pathogenesis of the disease, allowing to build a rational sequence of diagnostic search, aimed at verifying the diagnosis and expedient construction of preventive measures.
Conclusion
1. Set the frequency of occurrence of the disease and the structure of "asthma" in the arid zone among teens. Said pathology is recorded in 9,6% of the population surveyed adolescents, while the disease is more common among females. In the structure of the disease prevails periodical exposure and mild persistent form.
2. Identified by clinical features of asthma among adolescents living in the arid zone, indicate a high frequency of lesions of the bronchial tree association with allergic processes in other organs and tissues: in 73,9% of the AR, 53,7% with AK. 16,6% with BA and 14% with urticaria/angiocdcma.
3. Found that in the study population of patients with asthma adolescence occur expressed disturbances of the immune status, manifested deficit indicators as cell (CD3‘, CD4+, CD8 , CD16+), and humoral immunity (CD19 , IgA, IgG, IgM) and activation markers (CD23+, CD95). The immune status of patients with asthma in young people, adolescence has distinctive features, the depth of detected violations immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the younger age group.
4. In patients with bronchial asthma in adolescence revealed distinct changes in cell-cell interactions in the immune system: a significant increase in the content of Th2-cclls secreted IL-6 is a regulator of maturation of antibodies and immunoglobulin production itself, and vice versa reducing regulator activity of Th 1-cell cytokine INF-y.
5. It was found that the contents of cytokines IL-6, INF-y and in the peripheral blood is in communication with one pathogenic disease. It is shown that the lowest level of INF-y production in the scrum is characteristic of allergic clinical pathogenic variant asthma in adolescence. Adolescents suffering from predominantly infectious form of asthma, there is a sharp trend towards increased production of IL-6 in peripheral blood.
6. Revealed that markers of increased risk of allergic forms of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity arc genotype FceRip-109T/T allele FceRip-109T, low-risk markers - FcsRip-109C/C and allele Fc£Rip-109C. A high degree of cohesion genotype FcsRip-109T/T allele and FcsRip-109T with hereditary burden of asthma in the Uzbek population.
7. Among females ethnic Uzbek Association revealed lie-105 allele and genotype Ilc-105/Ilc-105 polymorphic gene locus GSTkI at high risk for asthma. Revealed that the genotype associated with the development Ilc-105/Ilc-105 allergic form of asthma in adolescents Uzbek population.
8. Complex therapy with adolescents’ patients with asthma ciklofcron and polyoxidonium, providing immunocorrective effect, enhances the clinical efficacy of basic therapy. In the study of prophylactic efficacy of immunomodulators positive indicators prevailed in the group of patients receiving polioksidony, necessitating its inclusion in the priority scheme of integrated treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescents.
This research presents an in-depth evaluation case study investigating the authenticity of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) textbooks used in educational contexts in Iran. The study employs a comprehensive framework to assess the extent to which these textbooks authentically reflect the language demands of academic environments. Through a mixed-methods approach, including content analysis, surveys, and interviews, the research examines the alignment between textbook content and real academic communication situations. Findings provide insights into the strengths and weaknesses of current EAP materials, shedding light on areas for potential improvement to enhance the authenticity and effectiveness of language learning resources in Iranian academic settings.
The article reveals the content of the Cadastre-2014 project prepared by the International Federation of Geodesists (FIG) and analyzes the results of the implementation of its main directions in Uzbekistan. The author analyzes the purpose and content of the cadastre, the organization of cadastral systems, as well as the possibilities of privatization of existing domestic cadastral systems. In the course of the analysis, the results of the development of the domestic natural resource cadastral system within the framework of the ratio of public and private law, the influence of political decisions on the formation and application of cadastral information on natural resources, the possibility of using modeling instead of mapping, the transfer of the right to form primary cadastral information to private entities against the background of strengthening cadastral supervision by the competent state body are considered.
This article provides data on the methods for determining and assessing the trace element status of blood in patients with myopic refraction of varying severity. The paper presents the results of examination of 140 (280 eyes) patients aged 18 to 45 years with various degrees of myopia in order to assess the role of the trace element composition of blood serum, as well as the content of 25 (HO) D in the development and progression of myopia by comparative study of the content of trace elements in serum and their excretion in patients with myopia and emmetropia.
The analysis of the data obtained allows us to draw both theoretical conclusions related to the pathogenesis of progressive myopia and some practical conclusions about the use of the studied parameters as diagnostic criteria in clinical practice when choosing a treatment strategy for patients with progressive myopia.
Munojats is a literary phenomenon in Uzbek literature, which consists of an introduction to devons and poetic balls, a thematic classification of lyrical works, and introductory chapters of large-scale epic poems. In the introductory chapters of Alisher Navoi's “Khamsa” epics, prayers are accompanied by praise and glorification, and are a means of expressing the author's philosophical-mystical, divine-mystical views, personal experiences: confessions of the heart to the Creator, repentance for sins.
The article states that the content of the munojats in the preface of “Saddi Iskandariy”, the final epic of Alisher Navoi's “Khamsa”, is formed in harmony with the content of the work; they cover issues such as the author's mystical-philosophical views and the artistic expression of his ideological purpose. The article also shows the importance of the art of obedience in the expression of prayers in the epic, as well as the poet's artistic skill in creating prayers on the basis of analysis and interpretation.
The methodology for the formation of sociolinguistic competence as certainly considered one among the key ones in the structure of foreign language communicative competence is taken into consideration in details. The content materials of complicated of methodological equipment for the formation of sociolinguistic competence of foreign language teachers are highlighted in this article
Indicators of expenses and costs are of great importance in planning, control and management decisions. This article describes the content and definitions of the concepts of expenses, manufacturing costs, and production costs. The classification of expenses has been studied. Definitions are given for the concepts of direct and indirect production costs and the cost accounting system. The goals, objectives and objects of cost accounting have been clarified as an economic science.
This article discusses the methods of translation of phraseological units, as well as finding and using alternative variants of words in the translation process, as well as providing content and form.
The article deals with the issue of poetic renewal of the traditions of Alisher Navoi in the poetry of the representative of modern Uzbek poetry Abdulla Oripov. The concept of creativity of two poets, their coverage of the development of the national language, tradition and innovation in the ghazal genre, following in rhythm, common features and differences in the artistic interpretation of the content of hadiths are analyzed. As a result of the analysis, scientific and theoretical conclusions were made.
In this article, the content, structure, factors and principles of the research activities of future educators are highlighted and the reaction to them is expressed. General and special research develops competences, organizes the student's joint research activity and causes the development of research activity