In recent years, vaccination has become a global medical and social problem. According to the WHO, vaccines save the lives of 3 million children every year. And with the help of new vaccines that will be developed in the next 5-15 years, it will be possible to prevent another 8 million child deaths per year.
A significant segment is represented by functional pathology in the structure of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This rather large and heterogeneous group of diseases combines the most diverse nosological units in terms of pathogenesis, the commonality of which is based on their functional nature. Based on the Rome IV criteria, the group of functional bowel disorders includes diseases such as functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, functional flatulence, functional diarrhea, and non-specific functional bowel disorders. At present, schoolchildren have many risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of functional disorders of the digestive tract. It includes non-compliance with the diet, long breaks between meals, abuse of fast food, hot spices, carbonated drinks, etc. Identification and modern elimination of these risk factors will prevent the development of functional disorders of the digestive system.
The prevalence of functional dyspepsia in children and adults in different countries varies greatly, which is associated with different diagnostic criteria, and different interpretations of the severity of symptoms. Among Europeans, functional dyspepsia occurs in 20% of individuals, in the USA – in 29%, and in Korea – in 11%. Numerous studies conducted in Western Europe and North America have shown that dyspepsia is the most common manifestation of gastroenterological pathology in older children. The study shows that the trigger mechanism for the formation of functional disorders of the digestive system in these age groups is mainly biological factors: heredity burdened by diseases of the digestive system, past intestinal infections, helminthiases, frequent use of antibiotics, nutritional deficiencies, and others. There is evidence that shows peaks in the rise in incidence in children after school entry and during adolescence.
The study examined the effectiveness of complex methods of ultrasound diagnostics using elastography in assessing the prevalence of cervical cancer (CC). This article presents the results of a complex ultrasound examination using elastography of 42 women aged 32-73 years. (average age is 52.1 years). Examination of the pelvic organs included a transabdominal examination (B-mode) followed by a transvaginal approach using the compression elastography technique.
In order to identify risk factors for the development of irritable bowel syndrome in children depending on the clinical variants of the disease, age, gender, были обследованы the basic group consisted of 56 children suffering from irritable bowel syndrome aged 7-14 years (middle age of 10.0±0,69 years), including 30 girls and 26 boys. The comparison group consisted of 100 patients with diseases of the upper gastrointestinal tract without IBS (the Syndrome of Irritated Bowel). According to the findings of a survey of 56 children aged 7-14 years, it was found that the stream of irritable bowel syndrome in children depends on age, sex and clinical options. The disease is frequently occurres in younger boys (57,4%) and girls (68,1%) of high school age. Pronounced clinical manifestations of the disease marked in children in the senior school age (57,8%) and in patients with clinical variant of irritable bowel syndrome with predominant diarrhea (30,6%).
Нефролитиаз (НЛ) поражает детей всех возрастов. В течение первого десятилетия жизни мальчики чаще склонны к развитию НЛ, в то время как у девочек чаще наблюдается развитие камней в почках во второе десятилетие жизни. Клинические проявления сильно варьируют и зависят от возраста пораженных детей. Принятие решений о схемах лечения должно основываться на тщательной оценке основных факторов риска, так как нарушения обмена веществ обнаруживаются у почти 80% детей с НЛ. Несмотря на большое число предложенных методов лечения, детский нефролитиаз продолжает оставаться сложной и во многом нерешенной проблемой. Имеется настоятельная потребность в новых, более эффективных способах диагностики и лечения данного заболевания; поэтому поиски новых, оптимальных методов абсолютно оправданы.
The article includes data from a literature analysis on aspects of allergopathology in children, which are important for physicians, especially pediatricians, and the study of this problem remains an open question.
The purpose of the study. Study of the clinical presentation of irritable bowel syndrome in children depending on the clinical variant of the disease, age, gender.
Materials and methods. 156 children and adolescents who passed the generally accepted set of studies for patients with gastropathology were examined.
Results. According to the data obtained from the study of 56 children aged 7-14 years, it was found that the course of irritable bowel syndrome in children depends on age, gender and clinical variant. The disease is more common in young boys (57.4%) and girls of high school age (68.1%). Clear clinical manifestations of the disease are observed in children of senior school age (57.8%) and in patients with a clinical variant of irritable bowel syndrome with a high prevalence of diarrhea (30.6%).
Пневмококковая инфекция признается Всемирной организацией здравоохранения ведущей причиной заболеваемости и смертности во всех регионах мира. Бремя пневмококковых заболеваний особенно велико среди детей первых лет жизни, пожилых людей и лиц с хроническими болезнями. Поскольку носительство S. pneumoniae является основной предпосылкой распространения пневмококковых болезней, необходимо динамическое наблюдение за спектром циркулирующих серотипов. Для оценки эффективности вакцинопрофилактики необходимо учитывать соответствие их состава серотипам, циркулирующим в каждом конкретном регионе.