Пневмония болалик даврида энг оғир патологиялардан бири ҳисобланади. Бу касаллик янги тугилган чақалоқлар ва беш ёшгача бўлган болаларда мураккаб ижтимоий экологик ва тиббий муаммоларнинг келтириб чикармокда. Маълумотларнинг етарли эмаслиги, тиббий ёрдамга мурожаат қилишдан олдин антибактериал препаратларни ўз бошимча ишлатилиши, микроорганизларнинг текширувларини узоқ давомийлиги, беморларнинг 50-70% да касалликни оғир кечишига сабаб бўлмоқда. Шунинг учун бу касалликни ўрганиш хозиргача ўзининг долзарблигини сақлаб қолмоқда.
This scientific article presents the pathomorphological specific changes in viral atypical pneumonia that develop in children with immunodeficiency. Histological examination of lung tissue in 36 patients with atypical pneumonia, carried out by autopsy in April-November 2020 at ROAC RUz. The results of the morphological study showed that, first, there are strong dicirculatory and hemorrhagic changes in the lung tissue, then pathomorphological changes in the pulmonary epithelium, if the process continues for a long time, the development of proliferative inflammation in the lungs. The proliferation of fibroblasts in the bronchi, blood vessels and interstitial tissue.
121 children with pneumonia on dismetabolic nephroparthy background were investigated, and 20 children with pneumonia without urinary syndrome. It were performed following methods of kidney partial functions investigation of: glomerulus filtration, ammonia, acidity, osmotic quality of urine, daily metabolites screening (oxalates, urates, urine acid). In patients with pneumonia on dismetabolic nephroparthy background were revealed significant alterations of kidney partial functions, structural and functional condition of erythrocytes membrane, increasing of peroxides lipid oxidation processes. For the purpose of correction children with pneumonia and renal pathology it was prescribed following treatment.
The article analyzes the autopsy data of children who died from pneumonia at the age of one year. Of 82 cases, 8.5% were diagnosed with congenital hypoplasia of the thymus, 14.6% had an accidental transformation of grade 3, 56.1% had an accidental transformation of 4-5 degrees, and 20.7% had acquired atrophy of the thymus gland. In morphological examination, the thymus fragments are sharply reduced, wrinkled, the cortical layer is occupied by reticuloepithelial, reticulocyt, fibrocyt and fat cells, coarse fibrous connective tissue.
Пневмония является частым и серьезным заболеванием органов дыхания в детском возрасте, основным возбудителем которого признается пневмококк. Пневмококковая инфекция во всем мире представляет угрозу здоровью и жизни детей.
This article is devoted to the study of the content of cytokines interleukin-1( IL-1), interleukin- 4 (IL-4), interferon status: interferon-alpha, aferon-alphantiinter, interferon-gamma in the blood serum of 25 sick young children. Compared with the control group, a significant increase in the content of pro inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines was revealed. According to the authors of the article, the content of cytokines IL1 and IL4 in the blood serum of sick children with community-acquired pneumonia depends on the period of the disease and the severity of the pathological process
Пневмония – часто встречающееся заболевание у детей, нередко сопровождающееся тяжелыми легочными и внелегочными осложнениями, угрожающими жизни пациента. В связи с чем поиск новых методов ранней диагностики заболевания, определение тяжести и подбор адекватной терапии является актуальной проблемой в современной медицине. Определение в крови уровня прокальцитонина на сегодняшний день является весьма показательным для диагностики тяжелых форм пневмонии.
The most relevant comorbid conditions of clinical significance in patients with pneumonia are considered: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, diffuse liver disease, chronic alcoholism, tumor diseases, systemic vasculitis treated with glucocorticoids and cytostatics, alimentary insufficiency and some other diseases.
In addition, the presence of concomitant pathology with functional disorders in the liver and kidneys creates certain difficulties and can become a source of errors in the choice of antibiotics, its dosage, routes of administration, duration of therapy, etc. pathology in general, or its underestimation in relation to the risk of the toxic effect of antibiotics.
Clinical characteristics are given for 47 patients with pneumococcal pneumonia at the age from 1 to 7 years. Data analysis showed that pneumococcal pneumonia is more common in children under 3 years of age (42.5%). The use of modern test systems immunochromatographic test (Binax NOW S.pneumoniae test) along with the bacteriological method increases the etiological interpretation of pneumococcal pneumonia in children. The activation of neutrophils and the release of endogenous antimicrobial granules from the granules, aggravate the course of pneumonia, promote longer peptides (alpha defensins and cathelicidins) in the blood plasma, which locally protect the epithelial cells of the respiratory tract, continuing and often becoming one of the factors of mixed infection