The modern energy system is largely based on the use of fossil fuels, which makes up almost 90% of the global energy consumption structure. Intensive production of raw materials has a negative impact on the environment. This in turn creates environmental problems. The depletion of available reserves of the main energy resources of oil, gas, coal, ore and other minerals will worsen the energy situation in the world. Today, renewable energy interest to many countries due to increased dependence on imported energy, climate change and environmental protection, high rates of economic development and population growth. The widespread use of renewable energy sources will create socially and environmentally clean energy structures. That is why alternative energy technologies - hybrid cars and electric cars, solar, wind, geothermal energy, bioenergy are developing at a high level. This article discusses current trends in renewable energy, alternative energy sectors in Japan and the stages of development of solar energy, features of solar energy, advances in modern technologies for the use of renewable energy sources and the challenges facing renewable energy sources. Also highlights Japan’s new energy policy and strategy, legislation on energy efficiency, programs and strategic plans, changes in the country's energy policy, diversification of energy resources and current problems of energy security. It also analyzes the prospects for the development of renewable energy sources in Japan, new projects in the field of solar energy and mechanisms for their implementation. And also, scientific conclusions were drawn on the analysis of current trends in the development of renewable energy in Japan.
The article notes that the development of modern prose in Qatar fits well with the concept of "accelerated development of literature." Thanks to technological progress during the rapid economic growth of the Gulf countries – Kuwait, Bahrain, Qatar, the United Arab Emirates and Oman, the Arabic-speaking countries of Khaleej (Gulf) quickly became acquainted with world culture and the world literary process, primarily with the literary experience of culturally developed Arab countries such as Egypt, Syria, Lebanon and Iraq. The author of the article, using the example of the short story genre, traces the stages of its development from descriptive short stories with weak conflicts and a naive plot with an edifying and didactic tendency to mature short stories that fit into the concept of a modern short story. In the literary arena of the 70s of the XX century such masters of the word as Ibrahim Sucr al-Marikhi, Kulsum Jaber, Fatima al-Turki and others appeared who made a great contribution to improving the short story genre in Qatar and first addressed the important problems of contemporary reality. One of such important problems, according to the author, is the problem of the emancipation of a Qatari woman - her right to have her own voice, get an education, and choose a profession. In its spasmodic development, the Qatari short story was also influenced by the modernist tendency due to acquaintance with Western literature. Short stories appeared that are distinguished by psychologism, the non-uniformity of the characters depicted, and a special attitude. Writers often using modernist techniques — a stream of consciousness, associative thinking, subtext, etc. — convey the emotional crisis of their hero, his painful spiritual quest. By the beginning of the XXI century, new bold young people who had joined the Qatari literature, caused the evolution of socio-ethical short stories to action-packed short stories, which raised social problems that were still hushed up.
This article discusses issues related to the structure of modern information, communication and digital technologies in the agricultural management system. Also, based on the study and analysis of the accelerated implementation of information, communication and digital technologies in the agricultural management system, a functional model of interdependence is recommended.
This scientific article analyzes the importance of the conceptual ideas put forward in the address of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan to the Parliament of December 28, 2018. Special attention is paid to their importance in raising large-scale reforms in the country to a new level, carried out on the basis of an Action strategy. In particular, the issues of deepening globalization processes occurring in the world and difficult international situation under its influence, the need to take into account the international situation in the process of independent political development, the main tasks of further improving the effectiveness of the political system, democratizing society at the current stage of our country are illuminated in it. The President’s address paid special attention to improving the practice of strengthening parliamentary oversight over decisions, passing laws and applying democratic mechanisms in the activities of parliament. The article also deals with the optimization of the executive system, justified in the address of the President, about topical issues of increasing the efficiency of the activities of the Cabinet of Ministers. The author of the article talks about the most advanced models of modern democracy being implemented in our country. In particular, he sets forth his analytical thoughts on such concepts as “Democracy of monitoring”, “Deliberative democracy”, “E-democracy”, “Mobile democracy” and on other new models of democracy. The article analyzes the great goals and objectives related to the achievement of great results, based on modern mechanisms and principles of democracy in the context of the implementation of innovative state policy containing the actual needs of our country’s renewal and development based on the most advanced requirements of our time, which were set forth in the address of the President. At the same time, it is shown that the leading principles, the philosophy of the implementation of innovation policy express the expectations and aspirations of our people. In this regard, the article presents the conclusions about the importance of the implementation of modern innovative democratic development in society.
This article deals with the analyse role of Japan in modern international relations. In the conditions of globalization each state within its interests relies on having resources and in accordance with it in the frame of the article is focused on the peculiarities of foreign policy of Japan where appears unique civilizational , cultural, technological, basis of modern Japanese society. The special attention pays on specific forming of “smart powers” equally with “hard power”. “Joseph Nye means“ hard power ”means aggregate political, economic and military power, “soft power” is mainly characterized by culture, values and political ideology, and “smart power” is an effective combination of “hard power” and “soft power” as the most applicable and adequate, from the point of view of modern conditions, mechanism for ensuring national security and the implementation of foreign policy tasks”. According to J. Nye, there are “three possible ways of influencing other actors: 1) coercion and bribery, constituting “hard power”, and 2) using your attractiveness, that is,“soft power”. The development of these concepts has become the so-called 3) “smart power” - an approach that uses a combination of “hard” and “soft” power”. The famous Japanese scientist D.T. Suzuki points out that Zen teaching is one of the components of the phenomena of Japanese culture. He notes that “Zen not only directly affected the religious life of the Japanese, but also influenced their culture as a whole”. This can be seen by observing the development of Japanese culture. Exploring the meanings of “soft power” in the policy of the government of Japan, it should be noted that, unlike other states, it primarily relies on the unique characteristics of Japanese culture and values. To develop its conceptual framework in 2004, an Advisory Council for the Promotion of Cultural Diplomacy was created, led by professor at Hosei University Tamotsu Aoki, one of the tasks of which was to improve the image of Japan in the world . Given the current features of global development, the created Advisory Council turned its attention "to the promotion of popular culture as a starting point for understanding Japan." Cultural products such as manga (comics) and anime (animated films) carry aesthetic feelings and traditional artistry.
This article provides a comprehensive theoretical analysis of aspects of speech culture, modern speech culture, which are always in the focus of the linguists. It is impossible to imagine the unity of the people living in a developed country without three important concepts: homeland, language and culture. World linguistics has shown that the study of language should be studied not as a closed system, but as a system in motion that is, in relation to such areas as society, thought, culture, politics, ideology, religion and etc. The connection of the science of language with various fields opens up a wide range of possibilities in the discovery of its new features, since the doctrine of speech culture is developed in connection with the creation of views on literary and non-literary forms of language, static and dynamic state and its functional types. The modern concept in speech culture - normative, communicative, moral principle and rhetorical canon are the main features of cultural speech, all of which play a very important role development. In order to present speech in a cultural way, it is necessary to develop the skills of choosing and using the necessary language tools, to form a conscious attitude towards them and to follow the established norms.
In the modern world, the principles of secular society dominate, on the one hand, and on the other, the process of the initial revival of religious consciousness, one of the ancient sources of popular culture. That is why religion has become a social institution on the agenda of many issues related to the role and status of modern society. Issues such as secularism, which implies the free, independent and independent activity of the spheres of public life. In this sense, this article is devoted to the analysis of this complex and controversial social process and its relevance. In the article, the term “secularization” occurs in terms of history and logic: the linguistic meaning of a word, its comparative and critical analysis of its definitions by various authors. At the same time, the objective and subjective factors behind the secularization process were uncovered. Specific examples of the sociocultural life of the West and the East are studied in detail and the content of the term "secularization" is defined. Particular attention is paid to the analysis of the views of modern philosophers on this issue, the analysis of theoretical views proposed by various academic schools. General and specific aspects of the description and approach are highlighted, the author’s own views on them are described and definitions of the concept of “secularization” are developed. Based on recent studies, general theoretical conclusions are given. As it is known, the secularization paradigms in the modern world are gradually changing. In this sense, secularization is not a feature of all societies. It should be noted that in the process of change, religious issues are at the center of public debate and, in some cases, at the center of controversy. However, secularization remains the core of the modern world, although religion is likely to occupy a huge space. Based on the above analysis, we can say that the processes of secularization are not based on a specific standard in different societies, and in each society there is a certain limit. Based on historical analysis, modern definition and description, secularization is a complex social process associated with the role of religion in society, and can be replaced by changing the order of religious traditions based on rational principles based on the principle of secularism.
Мазкур мақолада рақамли технологиялар негизида бўлажак ўқитувчиларни касбий фаолиятга тайёрлашга оид узлуксиз илмий-методик тизимни яратиш масаласи қаралади. Мазкур мақоладан бўлажак мутахассисларни касбий фаолиятга тайёрлашни такомиллаштириш муаммоси билан шуғулланувчилар фойдаланиш мумкин.
The article discusses the experience of foreign countries in the use of digital technologies in combating corruption. It was determined that in a number of foreign countries, along with already approved technologies (e-government, information and crowdsourcing platforms), modern information technologies are being actively introduced, such as: technologies for processing large amounts of data (Big Data), distributed ledger (DLT), blockchain, data mining (Data Mining), intellectual analysis in the field of anti-corruption in public procurement, analytical tools for auditors (Forensic Tools), electronic verification systems for declarations of income, expenses, assets and interests of civil servants, electronic anti-corruption technologies in the implementation of the electoral process, etc. ...
It has been determined that the benefits of digitalization can only be realized with the appropriate infrastructures, regulations, financial resources and personnel trained in ICT.
It has been substantiated that the processes of digitalization of law enforcement activities contribute to an increase in the effectiveness of the anti-corruption policy, ensure its effectiveness, objectivity, reduce the cost of maintaining law and order, and minimize the influence of the human factor in this area.
It is noted that technologies based on neural networks and decentralized, synchronized databases will fundamentally change the nature of public administration and can significantly reduce the risks of corruption offenses in the future
The aim of the research work is determination of the prospects for the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery on the basis of experimental and morphological studies.
Research objectives were white outbred rats in the amount of 62 individuals, in two experimental studies on the abdominal and pleural cavities, in each series of experiments the studies were carried out in 2 comparative groups, control and main. Experiments on the formation of adhesions in the abdominal and pleural cavities were carried out on the basis of the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center of Surgery named after acad. V.Vakhidov in the Department of Experimental Surgery for the period from 2019 to 2020.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the followings: it is proved according to the data of experimental research that when modeling the adhesion process in the abdominal cavity, the local application of an anti-adhesion coating made of cellulose derivatives reduces the processes of adhesiogenesis and the development of changes in architectonics, bends and narrowings of the intestinal lumen; it was found in an experimental study that when modeling the adhesion process in the chest cavity, the local use of an anti-adhesion implant provides a significant decrease in the risk of adhesiogenesis in the form of the formation of coarse adhesions or planar adhesions; it was determined that when blood serum was applied over a powder implant, the quality of adhesion and the uniformity of its distribution on the surface of the experimental defect of the peritoneum or lung did not change, but, in contrast to activation by blood (to ensure a hemostatic effect), it was not accompanied by the development of cellular inflammation due to the resorption of thrombotic masses; it was found that the formation of a gel film over the area of damage to the peritoneum in the absence of cellular elements of blood makes it possible to achieve biodegradation of the coating without a pronounced cellular-inflammatory reaction, providing cicatricial replacement of defects with a significant reduction in the risk of developing a massive adhesive process; the morphostructural features of the formation of the adhesive process when using an anti-adhesive coating, characterized by regression in the dynamics of the number of connective tissue cells of the inflammatory infiltrate with scarring of the defect zone without the development of adhesive conglomerates with the surrounding tissues, have been determined.
Introduction of the research results. According to the results of a scientific study on a comparative analysis of the use of a domestic agent for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery: methodological recommendations were developed: "New technologies for the prevention of adhesions in thoraco-abdominal surgery" (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). The proposed recommendations for performing surgical interventions on the organs of the abdominal and thoracic cavities will allow for sparing local hemostasis, as well as prevent the formation of a coarse adhesive process in the abdominal cavity.
The obtained scientific results on a comparative analysis of the use of the domestic remedy for the prevention of adhesion formation in thoraco-abdominal surgery have been introduced into the practical activities of health care, including in the Republican Specialized Scientific and Practical Medical Center for Surgery named after V.I. Academician V. Vakhidov, surgical departments of the clinics of the Andijan and Samarkand State Medical Institutes (certificate of the Ministry of Health No. 08-09/10055 of August 12, 2021). Based on the proposed results of experimental studies, it was shown that the use of an anti-adhesive coating made of cellulose derivatives made it possible to reduce the risk of adhesion formation from 60% to 20%, bowel deformation without manifestations of obstruction from 33.3% to 13.3% and the possibility of acute adhesive intestinal obstruction from 6.7% to 0%.
Structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, four chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations and a list of cited literature. The volume of work is 113 pages.
The development of a modern society based on the use of a huge amount of the most diverse information is unthinkable without the widespread introduction of electronic communicative technologies in all spheres of life. It is difficult, even almost impossible to imagine life at the present stage without various technologies, gadgets and electronic devices. Technical progress continues to evolve, and every day you can watch the latest and greatest developments in electronic and communicative technology, new discoveries in the information field, the great influence of Internet information technologies in people's lives. The importance and necessity of using electronic communication technologies and computer technology in modern life is beyond doubt. In this article examines the linguistic status of the language of Internet communication. The linguistic status of Internet Communications formed in the present conditions of the information society, and such slang can be nominated as a national version of the meta-language that possesses a novel function of the language is studied in this article. This function overwhelms non-verbal participants of communication interactions regardless of their nationality and command of any language.
This article touches upon the most pressing issues in the field of modern Arabic terminology, namely, the ways in which the Arabic language is conveyed the latest terms used to denote modern technological advances in the field of communication. Arab countries, like many other developing states, are only consumers of the latest advances in science and technology that are emerging in more developed regions of the world. It is these “fruits” of technological progress that contribute to the formation of new, previously non-existent objects, phenomena and “transformations”. The latter not only enrich the "world of electronics", but also contribute to the expansion of the linguistic vocabulary of the "carrier" language, and then the languages of "consumers". Thus, the article analyzes and describes the most commonly used methods of transmitting the Arabic "speech" of the above-described newest names of gadgets that did not previously exist among the Arabs. It is well known that any language strives to preserve its identity and avoid direct foreign borrowings. The Arabic language in this context is no exception. In this regard, the author highlights the numerous attempts of the Arabic language to avoid direct borrowings by adapting their own lexical units. Sometimes, due to the lack of suitable semantic lexemes, the Arabic language is forced to use more "gentle ways" of transferring new foreign names, ie. by using methods such as "tracing paper" and "half-calf". On the other hand, despite attempts to avoid direct foreign borrowings, under the influence of the "fashion" for the English language, the facts of the "entry" of Western terms into the language of the Arab people are comprehensively observed, undergoing only transliteration necessary for this language.
This article traces the development of the twentieth-century short story genre based on a comparative historical and comparative typological analysis of the short story genre of Egypt, Syria, Iraq, Palestine, Jordan, and Lebanon, and reveals the processes of interaction and adaptation of modern trends and directions based on the analysis of short stories by Arab writers of the twentieth century. The author highlights the methods of using the artistic traditions inherent in medieval Arabic prose in combination with modern means of expression and image, creative interpretation of myths of the peoples of the East and Greece. The article presents new interpretations of themes and images of short stories from ancient religious sources for artistic and aesthetic representation of modern reality, as well as it analyzes the features of the themes and poetics of modern Arabic short stories such as “ short story” “ ةريصق ةصق” (kissatun kasiratun), “long short story” “ ةليوط ةصق ” (kissatun tavilatun), “very short story” “ ادج ةريصق ةصق” (kissatun kasiratun jiddan).
This article examines the features of the genre “travelogue” in modern Arabic short stories. “Travelogue” is one of the oldest and most varied genres. During the many thousands of years of human history, and especially after the appearance of written literature, thousands of works on the subject of travel were created in the languages of the peoples of the world. The genesis of the genre is the result of the synthesis of the traditions of folklore and written literature, where works of folklore (e.g., fairy tales) were created and in written literature (e.g., ancient travel notes), in the center of which there is a traveler-narrator. As genre compositional features of travelogue, you can point out that the focus is on the image of the traveler-narrator and the presence of the fact of travel (changing in space and time movement in a certain direction), and it is noteworthy that the traveler-narrator stands in the status of an observer and compares what he saw in a foreign land with the situation in his native country. Although these main features of the genre were preserved, a number of other manifestations of travelogue appeared in the course of the development of literature. If in Uzbek classical literature the works describing the impressions of travel are called “sayokhatnoma”, then in Arabic literature this genre is called “rihla”. Studying modern Arabic fiction, you can trace how writers create works in the genre of travelogue, combining elements of the genre with the genre of the short story. A number of modern and contemporary Arab writers, such as Muhammad al-Muwaylihi, Sunallah Ibrahim, Jamal al-Ghitani, and Abdurahman Majid al-Rubeyi, used features of the travelogue genre in their short stories and novels. Among them can be the Syrian writer Abdus-Kalam Al-Ujayli (1918-2006), whose travel collections, such as Journey to Europe and The Call to Travel, consist of short stories that reflect the peculiarities of the travelogue genre. The collections Journey to Europe, Call to Travel comprise 22 short stories about travelling. Abdus-Salam al-Ujaili depicted with high artistry the greatness of his motherland Syria, where he was born and raised, showed its beautiful nature, the way of life, occupations, religion of the population, as well as he gave a description of some cities, their history, and shared hois impressins of unspeakable Paris after a trip to Europe.