In experimental toxic hepatitis caused by the hepatotropic poison carbon tetrachloride, a decrease in bile synthesis, bile-releasing function of the liver was revealed. There was a decrease in the composition of bilirubin, cholesterol and bile acids in the bile. In the treatment of experimental hepatitis with cobalt and silibor fiat, cholestasis decreased, the chemical composition of bile improved, as the content of bilirubin, cholesterol and total bile acids increased.
This article presents the results of a study of the hepatoprotective properties of the herbal drug darmonal in combination with phytin compounds in experimental animals (rats) with experimental hepatitis caused by SS14 intoxication. The obtained research results showed that darmonal in combination with phytin compounds increases the synthesis of total protein and normalizes the composition of protein fractions of blood serum. Both studied drugs have a high level of hepatotropic effect. The combination of darmonal and fitin-C was the most effective. According to this effect, they were superior to the hepatoprotective drug LIV-52.
The search for new sources of highiy active drugs based on iocai raw materials is an urgent task of modern science, it is known that iicorice root is widely used in various sectors of the economy, the main component of it is glycyrrhizic acid. The presence of anti-inflammatory activity, iow toxicity and iack serious side effects make new synthetic derivative of glycyrrhizic acid promising for medicine compounds.
The purpose of the study. To study the antiulcer activity glycerinate on an experimental model of neurogenic uicers caused by 24-hour immobilization of animals and to identity the mechanism of antiulcer activity.
A pre-clinical study of the general toxicity of the medication “Fitin-S” has shown that it is referred to class IV of low toxic compounds. The medication “Fitin-S” does not have aaccumulative and local irritant action. At multiple intramuscular administration to rats and rabbits it does not influence the behavior and the dynamics of animals growth, does not cause a toxic effect on the composition of peripheral blood, kidneys’ and liver’s function as well as on the pathomorphology of animals organs and tissues. There is a slowdown in the process of blood coagulation in rabbits at doses of 16 and 32 mg/kg during the whole study period. In 1 month of a recovery period all the indicators have been changing within physiological norm. All the aforementioned data allows us to make a conclusion that the medication does not cause a toxic effect on the organism of animals.
This article is devoted to the application of new teaching methods in medical universities in the context of distance learning. The events of 2019 - 2020 related to the COVID-19 pandemic turned out to be not only a test for the economy of our country and its healthcare system, but also a kind of stress test for the education system. The system of higher medical education is no exception, which, in comparison with universities in other areas, faced additional difficulties. The quarantine conditions necessary to preserve the health and life of the population touched and could not but affect the medical education system. Spring semester of 2020 from March 18, in connection with measures to prevent the import and spread of a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19), training at universities in Uzbekistan was transferred to a distance format. During this period, a voluntary anonymous survey of 170 students was conducted. The distance form of the educational process is based on the principle of independent learning, in which students are distant from the teacher both in space and in time. At the same time, students have a constant opportunity to maintain constant information contact with teachers using modern Internet technologies. New forms of education are in demand at this time, as they form an extraordinary and effective approach to teaching in the subject of pharmacology. From the results of the survey it follows that the attitude to the possible use of elements of the distance learning system increases the independent training of students in pharmacology by 60 -70%. Distance learning in medical universities can be used as an alternative to traditional education in a pandemic.
This article is devoted to the preclinical study of the anti- atherosclerotic drug firutas on pathomorphological changes in animal organs during prolonged administration. Preclinical study of the general toxicology of the drug "Firutas" showed that it belongs to the IV class of low-toxic compounds. The drug "Firutas" does not have a cumulative and locally irritating effect. With repeated intramuscular administration to mice and rats, it does not affect the behavior and weight dynamics of animals, does not have a toxic effect on the composition of peripheral blood, kidney and liver function, as well as on the pathomorphology of animal organs and tissues. All the above data allow us to conclude that the drug does not have a toxic effect on the body of animals
Trinatrium salt of glycyrrhizic acid (Glycytrinate) with strong anti-ulcerous activity combined with anti-inflammatory effect was synthesized on the basis of glycyrrhizic acid. According to the parameters of acute toxicity in experiments on white mice and rats with per oral administration Glycytrinate was included to the group of little toxic substances. And according to the assessment of anti-ulcerous activity on the models of rats’ gastric mucous membrane destruction caused by indo metasin, ortophen, and reserpin glycytrinate has an expressed antiulcer effect. The mechanism of glycytrinate’s antiulcer effect is linked with its antioxidant property and suppression of the secretory function of gastric glands.
In many aspects, the processes of regulation of the effects of opioid peptides remain unclear, but it has been shown that, due to the activation of opiate receptors, regulatory cellular reactions are involved, as well as the inhibition of adenylate cyclase and the formation of adenosine monophosphate. As a result, an increase in the supply of potassium ions and some other processes are observed. Interacting primarily with delta and mu receptors, dalargin controls the processes of pain relief and eating behavior. Dalargin mediates its effects both in the gastric mucosa and in the myocardium. The drug stabilizes blood flow and lymph flow in the area of the defect, stimulates increased production of mucus and a number of prostaglandins, these factors contribute to the regeneration of the mucosa. Interacting with receptors in the myocardium, the level of cyclic adenosine monophosphate and specific proteases decreases in cardiomyocytes, the process of glycogenesis increases, the concentration of catecholamines in the general blood flow normalizes, which improves hemodynamics and heart rate. Thus, these factors lead to accelerated scar healing.
Atherosclerosis is a chronic lesion of the arteries caused by the growth of multiple dense nodular thickenings of the walls of the artery (plaques), narrowing its lumen and contributing to the formation of a blood clot - a thrombus, which can clog the vessel. Atherosclerosis develops as a result of complex structural changes that occur in the intima (inner layer) and in the media (muscle layer) of the arteries, and it is associated with the accumulation of lipids and mucopolysaccharides in the blood vessels, the growth of connective tissue and the deposition of calcium. Cardiovascular pathology, and this is ischemic heart and brain disease, occlusive diseases of peripheral arteries, is the most common cause of morbidity, mortality and disability in the population of industrialized countries. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization, in the structure of total mortality in Russia, cardiovascular diseases account for 57%. Most of these cases are associated with diseases caused by atherosclerosis [3]. The development of atherosclerotic lesions of the vascular wall is a complex multi-stage process. It has now been established that even before endothelial damage, blood components begin to interact with the endothelial surface. In particular, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and their active component apolipoproteins are able to penetrate into the subendothelial space and, being oxidized, affect endothelial cells. In this regard, the initial stage of atherosclerosis is characterized as a response to the retention of atherogenic particles [2]. The main risk factors that play a significant role in endothelial damage are smoking, arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. It has been shown that with an increase in cholesterol levels of more than 8.5 mmol/l, the risk of fatal cardiovascular complications increases by 4 times, when combined with arterial hypertension by 9 times, with smoking, the presence of hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension by 16 times [1]. The problem of primary and secondary prevention of ischemic stroke is not only medical, but also of great social importance, since patients who have had it become disabled in more than 80% of cases and often need outside help. Statins are considered highly effective drugs with the greatest evidence in reducing the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with coronary artery disease.
One of the vital minerals in the human body is calcium. This mineral takes part in more than 300 biologically active reactions. Medicinal products (PM), including calcium salts, have been used in medicine for many decades. In total, the body of an adult contains about 1000-1500 mg of Ca. In the body, calcium is in two forms - it is ionized (free) and associated with Ca proteins (mainly albumin). A decrease in the concentration of ionized calcium causes signs of hypocalcemia. The main way calcium enters the body is the alimentary route. By consuming milk, dairy products, fish, meat, fruits, vegetables, greens, we take the daily intake of calcium. Sources of calcium for children at different stages are different. The intake of calcium to the fetus depends on the saturation of the mother's body with calcium, vitamin D. In the last trimester of pregnancy, the rate of calcium incorporation into the fetal body increases, which means that the state of bone mineralization will also depend on gestational age. After birth, the source of calcium is breast milk, and for formula-fed babies, an adapted milk formula. With breast milk, a child receives up to 300 mg of calcium, and in mixtures, an average of 400 mg of calcium.
This article presents the results of a study of the hepatoprotective properties of the herbal drug darmonal in combination with phytin compounds in experimental animals (rats) with experimental hepatitis caused by SS14 intoxication. The obtained research results showed that darmonal in combination with phytin compounds increases the synthesis of total protein and normalizes the composition of protein fractions of blood serum. Both studied drugs have a high level of hepatotropic effect. The combination of darmonal and fitin-C was the most effective. According to this effect, they were superior to the hepatoprotective drug LIV-52.
Жигарнинг углеводлар алмашинувида қатнашиши, ўзига хос аҳамиятга эга. Унинг асосий фаолиятидан ири бу гепатоцитларда глюкозани гликогенга айлантириб тўплаш ва гликоген заҳиралари камайганда уни қонга ажратиш ҳисобланади. Жигар касалликларида эса, фермент системаларининг фаолликларини сусайиши ўз навбатида гликоген ҳосил бўлишини камайишига, сут кислотасини миқдорини ортишига олиб келиб углеводлар алмашинувини издан чиқишига сабаб бўлади. Гепатопротектор хусусиятга эга бўлган дори воситаларини излаш, самарали таъсирини ўрганиш ва амалиётга тадбиқ этиш долзарб муаммолардан бири бўлиб ҳисобланади.
Alkaloids differ in their physiological effects: some of them weaken or stimulate the nervous system, others paralyze nerve endings, dilate or narrow blood vessels, and others are considered to have an analgesic effect. It is studied using methods such as chromatography, spectroscopy, and continues to get high results in these methods. The advantage of this method is that in the study of alkaloids, the additives contained in alkaloids are considered extremely necessary for the study of organic and meningeal substances, as well as for the analysis of biological objects. The chromatography method is widely used in the study of detection, isolation of compounds contained in alkaloids. On the other hand, the spectroscopy method is studied by exposing light to alkaloids. The chemical composition of alkaloids is studied by ultraviolet light and some reagents.