AMIR ABDULAHAD: XIX ASR OXIRI – XX ASR BOSHLARIDA BUXORO AMIRLIGIDAGI SIYOSIY VA IJTIMOIY ISLOHOTLAR

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AMIR ABDULAHAD: XIX ASR OXIRI

–

XX ASR BOSHLARIDA BUXORO

AMIRLIGIDAGI SIYOSIY VA IJTIMOIY ISLOHOTLAR

Sayfutdinov Feruz Ilniyazovich

Osiyo xalqaro universiteti Tarix va filologiya kafedrasi o’qituvchisi

E- mail:

sferuz1011@gmail.com

Tel: +998936857755

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15754000

Buxoro amirligi XIX asrning oxiri va XX asr boshlarida murakkab siyosiy, iqtisodiy va

ijtimoiy jarayonlarni boshdan kechirdi. Bu davrda hokimiyat tepasiga kelgan Amir
Abdulahadxon (1885

–

1910) mamlakatni zamonaviylashtirishga harakat qilgan islohotchi

hukmdor sifatida tarixda muhim o‘rin egallaydi. U Rossiya imperiyasi ta’siri ostida bo‘lgan

Buxoro amirligini saqlab qolish va ichki boshqaruv tizimini isloh qilishga intildi. Mazkur

maqolada Amir Abdulahadxon davridagi siyosiy, harbiy va ma’rifiy sohalardagi islohotlar

hamda ularning tarixiy ahamiyati ilmiy tahlil qilinadi.

Amir Abdulahadxonning taxtga chiqishi va siyosiy holat

Amir Abdulahadxon otasi Amir Muzaffarxon vafotidan so‘ng 1885 yilda taxtga o‘tirdi.

Bu davrda Buxoro amirligi tashqi siyosatda Rossiya imperiyasi bilan mustahkam aloqada

bo‘lgan. Amir Abdulahad Rossiya bilan aloqalarni mustahkamlashni davom ettirdi. U o‘zining

hukmronligi davomida Rossiya hukumatining maslahatlari va bosimi ostida bir qator islohotlar

o‘tkazishga harakat qildi.

Ma’muriy va harbiy islohotlar

Abdulahadxon o‘z faoliyati davomida boshqaruv tizimini markazlashtirish, davlat

idoralarining samaradorligini oshirish uchun bir qancha choralarni amalga oshirdi. U Buxoroda
yangi harbiy qismlarni tashkil etdi, qurollanishni kuchaytirdi. Rossiyadan harbiy mutaxassislar
chaqirildi. Shuningdek, davlat boshqaruvi tizimini yanada takomillashtirish uchun zamonaviy

usullardan foydalanishga harakat qilindi. Biroq bu islohotlar asosan yuzaki xarakterga ega bo‘lib,

mahalliy zodagonlarning qarshiligi sababli keng miqyosda amalga oshmadi.

Maorif va madaniyat sohasidagi o‘zgarishlar

Amir Abdulahadxon davrida maorif sohasida ham muhim o‘zgarishlar yuz berdi. U yangi

usulda ta’lim beradigan maktablarni ochishga ruxsat berdi. Garchi bu maktablar soni ko‘p
bo‘lmasa

-da, ular Buxoroda jadidchilik harakatining rivojlanishiga zamin yaratdi. Yangi usul

maktablarida matematika, geografiya, rus tili kabi fanlar o‘qitildi. Ammo bu sohadagi islohotlar
ham ko‘p hollarda mahalliy ulamolar va konservativ kuchlarning bosimi ostida sekin amalga

oshirildi.

Ijtimoiy va iqtisodiy holat

Amir Abdulahadxon davrida aholining ijtimoiy ahvoli murakkab bo‘lib, qashshoqlik, yer

-

suv munosabatlarining nomutanosibligi, adliya tizimidagi korrupsiya keng tarqalgan edi. Biroq

Amir bu muammolarni hal qilishda yetarlicha qat’iyat ko‘rsatmadi. Uning hukmronligi davrida
Rossiyaga iqtisodiy qaramlik kuchaydi. Ayniqsa, temiryo‘l qurilishi, tashqi savdo va moliya
tizimi Rossiyaning nazorati ostida bo‘ldi.

Xulosa

Amir Abdulahadxon Buxoro amirligini Rossiya imperiyasi bosimi ostida boshqargan,

zamonaviy islohotlarni amalga oshirishga harakat qilgan hukmdor sifatida tarixda muhim o‘rin
egallaydi. Uning siyosiy va maorif sohalaridagi islohotlari muayyan natijalar bergan bo‘lsa

-da,

ularni to‘liq amalga oshirishga jamiyatning ichki qarshilik kuchlari to‘sqinlik qildi.

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Abdulahadxon islohotlari Buxoro jadidchilik harakatiga yo‘l ochdi va keyinchalik bu harakat
mustamlakachilikka qarshi kurashda muhim o‘rin tutdi.

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