MANG‘IT AMIRLARI SAROYLARINING QURILISH TARIXI VA SIYOSIY HAYOTDAGI ROLI

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ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 5

MANG‘IT AMIRLARI SAROYLARINING QURILISH TARIXI VA SIYOSIY

HAYOTDAGI ROLI

Sayfutdinov Feruz Ilniyazovich

Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti Tarix va Filologiya kafedrasi o‘qituvchisi.

Tel: +998-93-685-77-55

.

E- mail:

sferuz1011@gmail.com

https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15448848

Mang‘itlar sulolasi (1756–1920) Buxoro amirligini boshqargan bo‘lib, ular davlatni

mustahkamlash va madaniy merosni rivojlantirishga katta e’tibor berganlar. Ular qurdirgan
saroylar nafaqat o‘z davrining me’morchilik durdonalari, balki Markaziy Osiyo san’ati va
siyosiy tarixining muhim ko‘rsatkichlaridir. Ushbu maqolada Mang‘it amirlari tomonidan
qurdirilgan saroylarning qurilish tarixi, me’morchilik xususiyatlari va ularning ahamiyati
yoritiladi. Ular qurdirgan saroylar nafaqat o‘z davrining badiiy durdonalari, balki Markaziy
Osiyo siyosiy tarixining muhim ko‘rsatkichlaridir. Ushbu maqolada Mang‘it amirlari
saroylarining qurilish jarayoni, me’morchilik uslublari, tarixiy ahamiyati va hozirgi holati
batafsil yoritiladi.

Mang‘itlar sulolasi Muhammad Rahimxon (1756–1758) bilan boshlangan va Amir

Olimxon (1911–1920) davrigacha davom etgan. Ular Buxoroni siyosiy va iqtisodiy jihatdan
mustahkamlab, ko‘plab saroylar, masjidlar va madrasalar qurdirdilar.

Tarixchi

Ahmad Donish

"Navodir-ul-vaqoe"

asarida ta’kidlaganidek:

"Mang‘it hukmdorlari shaharsozlikka alohida e’tibor berishgan, ularning saroylari nafis

bezaklar va mustahkam qurilish uslublari bilan ajralib turardi."

Mang‘itlar Saroylarining Me’morchilik Jihatlari

Mang‘itlar davrida qurilgan saroylarning asosiy xususiyatlari:

1.

Arklar va Qasrlar

– Hukmdorlar qarorgohlari (masalan,

Buxoro Ark

) qayta

ta’mirlangan va kengaytirilgan.

2.

Hovli va Bog‘lar

– Saroylar atrofida chorbog‘lar (to‘rtburchak bog‘lar) barpo etilgan.

3.

Bezaklar

– G‘isht naqshlari, yog‘och o‘ymakorligi va koshinkori bezaklar ishlatilgan.

O‘rta

Osiyo

me’morchiligi

bo‘yicha

mutaxassis

Galina

Pugachenkova

o‘z

tadqiqotlarida shunday deb yozadi:

"Mang‘itlar saroylari an’anaviy markaziy osiyolik uslub va fors me’morchiligining

uyg‘unligidan iboratdir."

Mashhur Mang‘it Saroylari

1.

Buxoro Ark

– Qadimgi qal’a bo‘lib, Mang‘itlar tomonidan qayta qurilgan.

2.

Sitorai Mohi Xosa

– Amir Olimxonning yozgi saroyi, rus va sharq me’morchiligi

uyg‘unligi.

3.

Ko‘kaldosh Madrasasi yaqinidagi saroylar

– Hozirgi kunda saqlanib qolmagan, lekin

tarixiy manbalarda tilga olingan.

4.

Mang‘itlar sulolasi

Muhammad Rahimxon

(1756–1758) davrida mustahkamlanib,

Amir Shohmurod

(1785–1800) va

Amir Nasrulloh

(1827–1860) kabi hukmdorlar davrida

Buxoro yirik me’morchilik markaziga aylangan.

Tarixchi

Oleg Akimushkin

"Buxoro amirligining so‘nggi asrlari"

asarida ta’kidlaydi:

"Mang‘it hukmdorlari saroy qurilishiga nafaqat o‘z shohona daxlsizligi uchun, balki

davlatning qudratini namoyish etish maqsadida katta mablag‘lar ajratganlar."

Saroylar qurilishida asosiy tamoyillar:

1.

Himoya funktsiyasi

– Baland devorlar, qal’alar (masalan,

Buxoro Ark

).

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2.

Badiiy jihatdan ajoyib bezaklar

– Koshinkori, ganch o‘ymakorligi, yog‘och naqshlar.

3.

Suv tizimlari va bog‘lar

– Chorbog‘ uslubidagi hovlilar, favvoralar.

Mang‘itlar Saroylarining Me’morchilik Xususiyatlari

1. Buxoro Ark – Hukmdorlar Qarorgohi
Buxoro Ark

XVII–XIX asrlarda

qayta qurilgan bo‘lib, uning ichida:

•

Qabulxona (Kurashxona)

– Amirning rasmiy mehmonlarni kutib olish joyi.

•

Zindon

– Qamoqxona sifatida foydalanilgan.

•

Xon masjidi

– Ichki ibodatxona.

Arxeolog

Edvard Rtveladze

fikriga ko‘ra:

"Buxoro Ark nafaqat mudofaa inshooti, balki murakkab me’morchilik majmuasi bo‘lib,

unda turli davrlarning ta’siri seziladi."

2. Sitorai Mohi Xosa – Amir Olimxonning Yozgi Saroyi
Bu saroy

XX asr boshlarida

qurilgan bo‘lib, unda

rus va sharq me’morchiligi

uyg‘unlashgan. Asosiy xususiyatlari:

•

G‘arb uslubidagi zal

– Yevropacha mebel va bezaklar.

•

An’anaviy hovli

– Koshin bilan qoplangan ayvonlar.

•

Bog‘

– Ekzotik daraxtlar va favvoralar bilan jihozlangan.

3. Ko‘kaldosh Madrasasi Atrofidagi Saroylar
Hozirgi kunda saqlanib qolmagan bu saroylar haqida

XIX asr sayyohlari

(masalan,

Arminius Vambery

) o‘z xotiralarida yozib qoldirganlar:

"Buxoro markazidagi saroylar ayniqsa hashamatli edi – ularning devorlari zarhal

naqshlar, shiftlari esa rang-barang g‘ishtlar bilan bezatilgan."

Mang‘it Saroylarining Tarixiy Ahamiyati

1.

Siyosiy ramz

– Saroylar amirlikning qudratini ifodalagan.

2.

Madaniy meros

– Islom va mahalliy an’analarning uyg‘unligi.

3.

Turizm potensiali

– Bugungi kunda Buxoro Ark va Sitorai Mohi Xosa UNESCOning

Butunjahon merosi ro‘yxatiga kiritilgan.

1. Buxoro Ark - hukmdorlar qarorgohi

Buxoro Ark qal'asi Mang'itlar davrida tubdan qayta qurilgan. Tarixchi Narshaxiy asarida:

"Ark qal'asi Buxoro hukmdorlarining asosiy qarorgohi bo'lib, unda hukmdor saroyi, devonxona,
zindon va masjid mavjud edi"

Ark qal'asining asosiy xususiyatlari:

•

4 metr qalinlikdagi mudofaa devorlari

•

Ichkarida Amir saroyi va rasmiy qabulxonalar

•

G'arbiy qismida zindon va qurol-yarog' omborlari

2. Sitorai Mohi Xosa saroyi

Amir Olimxon (1911-1920) tomonidan qurdirilgan bu saroyda Sharq va G'arb me'moriy

uslublari uyg'unlashgan. Saroyning asosiy qismlari:

•

Yevropa uslubidagi qabulxona

•

An'anaviy Buxoro me'morchiligidagi hovli

•

Keng bog' maydoni favvoralar bilan bezatilgan

3. Ko'kaldosh saroy majmuasi

XVI asrda qurilgan bo'lsa-da, Mang'itlar davrida qayta ta'mirlangan. Majmua tarkibiga kiradi:

•

Asosiy saroy binosi

•

Xonaqoh va masjid

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•

Xizmat ko'rsatish binolari

Me'moriy xususiyatlar

Mang'itlar saroylarining asosiy me'moriy jihatlari:

1.

Keng hovlilar va ayvonlar

2.

Koshinkori va ganchkor bezaklar

3.

Muhim mudofaa elementlari

4.

Suv tizimlari va bog'lar

Xulosa va Takliflar

Mang‘it amirlari saroylari nafaqat ularning hokimiyatini, balki Buxoro amirligining

madaniy va badiiy yuksalishini aks ettirgan. Ushbu me’moriy yodgorliklar hozirgi kunda ham
o‘zining ahamiyatini saqlab qolmoqda va Markaziy Osiyo tarixini o‘rganishda muhim manba
hisoblanadi. Mang‘itlar saroylari nafaqat o‘tmish, balki hozirgi zamon uchun ham muhim
madaniy meros hisoblanadi. Ularni saqlash va tadqiq qilish Markaziy Osiyo tarixini tushunishda
kalit rol o‘ynaydi.

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