ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1097
PARANJI TARIXI, YOXUD O’RTA ASR AYOLLARINING KIYIMI HAQIDA
Gadayeva Mohigul Muxamedovna
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti
“Tarix va filologiya”kafedrasi assistenti.
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10694497
Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada ayollarning ustki kiyimi hisoblanmish paranji tarixi,uning
turli hududlarda turlicha tikilishi,ayollarning ko`chada paranji kiyib yurishlari haqida so`z
boradi.
Kalit so’zlar: chachvon, paranji, to`n,burka.
ABOUT THE HISTORY OF THE VEIL OR MEDIEVAL WOMEN'S DRESS
Abstract. This article talks about the history of the burqa, which is considered a women's
outerwear, how it is made differently in different regions, and how women wear the burqa on the
street.
Key words: chachvan, veil, ton, burka.
ОБ ИСТОРИИ ВУАЛИ ИЛИ СРЕДНЕВЕКОВОЙ ЖЕНСКОЙ ПЛАТЬЯ
Аннотация. В данной статье рассказывается об истории паранджи, которая
считается женской верхней одеждой, о том, как ее по-разному изготавливают в разных
регионах и как женщины носят паранджу на улице.
Ключевые слова: чачван, чадра, тон, паранджа.
Paranji (arabcha-faranji- keng ko`ylak )-musulmon ayollari yopinchig`i bo`lib, chachvon
bilan birga ansambl hosil qilgan.
Tadqiqotchilarning aniqlashicha,paranji Misrda pardo bo`lib, keyinchalik Sharq
mamalakatlartiga tarqalgan.
Paranji ayollar gavdasini boshidan oyoq yashirib turishga xizmat
shaklida boʻlib, yelkadan pastga tomon torayib boruvchi uzun bandagi
(yengi) etakka yaqin joyda bir-biriga chatib birlashtirilgan. Ayol yuzini chachvon toʻsib turgan.
Paranji avra-astarli qilib titikib,
tikilib, chetlariga
tayyorlanib,hamda chetlariga zangori, Pushti yoki sidirgʻa shoyidan
ikki yoniga (choʻntak oʻrniga) tik tushgan (25 sm uzu
nlikda) 2 ta jiyak tutashtirib chatilgan,
jiyaklar uchidan popukchalar chiqarilgan, baʼzan qoʻngʻiroqchalar osilgan. Paranjining
oʻtmishdoshi faraji ham erkaklar, ham ayollarning yengil keng ustki kiyimi boʻlgan. Paranji
ayollarning gavdasini, yuz-koʻzini yashirib turishga xizmat qilgan va uydan tashqarida yopinilgan.
Paranjining old tomoni toʻrsimon chachvon (chimmat, tojikcha, chashmband – koʻztoʻsar) bilan
berkitilgan.
M.Asomiddinova «paranji» soʻzi arabcha forajiya, farojat soʻzidan olingan boʻlib, atama
arablarda din ahllari, ulamolar, sultonlarning qimmatbaho matodan keng qilib tikilgan ustki kiyimi
ekanligini ta’kidlab, Vatanimizda yashovchi uygʻurlarning ayrim etnik guruhlari orasida yaqin
oʻtmishgacha perejenomi bilan yuritilgan mazkur kiyim erkaklarning yengi uzun kiyimi
boʻlganligini keltiradi. Olima paranji atamasini turkmanlardagi pÿrenchek//bÿrÿnchak–
burkanmoq fe’liga bogʻlashga harakat qiladi va dalil sifatida «Devoni lugʻotit turk» asarida
uchraydigan býrýndи – kiydi, burkanib oldi, yopindi fe’lini keltiradi. Ayni tadqiqotchi etnograf
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN
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АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
1098
N.P.Lobachevaning fikrlari asosida quyidagilarni keltiradi: «qadimda ust kiyim vazifasini oʻtagan
turkmancha poʻrenҷyek keyinchalik kiyimlik vazifasidan chiqa borib, oddiy bir yopinchiqqa
aylanib, uning yenglari ingichkalashib, oddiy bir bezak holatiga kirgan. Uning oʻmizi (yeng oʻrni,
yeng oʻtkaziladigan oʻyma) tanaga to`kilib, qoʻltiq qismidagi qulpagi saqlangan va shu shakldan
paranch(j)i kelib chiqqan». Tarixiy, xususan, arxeologik manbalarda ayollarning paranji
koʻrinishidagi kiyimda tasvirlangan namunalari mavjud. Masalan, eftaliylar davriga (V-VI asrlar)
oid Bolaliktepa (Surxondaryo vohasi) yodgorligi devoriy suratlarida ziyofat manzarasida ishtirok
etayotgan ayollarning yelkasiga yopilgan yengsiz parchabof matodan tikilgan kiyim ayni biz
koʻzda tutgan paranjining oʻzidir.
Paranjining ayollar koʻchalik ustki kiyimi ma’nosidagi vazifasi Oʻrta Osiyoda islom
madaniyati doirasida oʻzgarishga uchragan. Bunga ayollarning erkaklar jamiyatidan ajratilishi
sabab boʻlgan. Paranji ayol kishining ochiq yuzini koʻrsatmaslik shartiga binoan yelkadan boshga
koʻtarilib, ayol yuzining «nomahram» nazaridan berkitilishiga xizmat qila boshlagan. Shu sababli
paranji deganda boshga yopiladigan yengsiz kiyim tushunib kelinadi.
ilm ahlining ustki kiyimi hisoblangan,shu asrdan ayolni
begona koʻzlardan yashiruvchi yopinchigʻiga, uzun yenglari bezak qismiga aylangan. Paranji
yopinish islom
Paranji tikilishining ham o`ziga xos ma`nolari bo`lgan.Masalan, yengi bir-biriga ulab tikib
qo‘yilgan paranjini turmushga chiqmagan qiz bola kiygan. Agar yenglari alohida tursa, demak
turmush qurgan ayolga tegishli. Ikki yengi ulangan paranjidan esa cho‘ntak sifatida ham
foydalanish mumkin bo‘lgan.
Kim biladi deysiz, mana shu paranjining yengidan qancha shirinlik bolachalarga chiqarib
berilgan ekan...
Oʻzbekiston huhudi tumanlarida paranjilar oʻziga xos, bir-biridan ajralib turadigan
belgilarga ega boʻlgan. Toshkent va Fargʻonada paranjilar serxusham boʻlib, ipak kashtalari bilan
ajralib turgan. Ularning bichigi Samarqandnikiga oʻxshash, lekin yoqalari kengligi balan
farqqilgan. Samarqand paranjisi esa shakl jihatdan Qashqadaryoning erkaklar choponiga oʻxshash
boʻlgan. Buxoro paranjisi yoqasining yarmi qisqa shaklda tikilgan. Buxoro va Samarqandda
paranji qora va gulli matolardan kashtasiz tikilgan, faqat chetlari va yenglari jiyaklar bilan
bezatilgan, ularda qizil va oq rang ustunlik qilgan. Qashqadaryoda ayollar yana jelak ham
kiyishgan. Jelaklar ip gazlamadan astarsiz tikilgan.
Qashqadaryo va Surxandaryo ayollari yoz mavsumida oq va rangdor jelaklar kiyishgan.
Xorazmda paranji tarkibi shimoliy hududlardagi chit chakmon modelini oʻzida
mujassamlashtirgan. Etaklari to`gʻriburchak, yeng uzunligi etaklarigacha yetgan.
Xorazm paranjisining boshqalardan farqli yana bir tomoni uning uzunligida, (170-180 sm)
va kashtasiz tikilishida.
O`zbekiston tarixi Davlat muzeyi fondlarida turli hududlarga tegishli bir necha paranji
saqlanadi. Toshkentda 1927-yili elshunos Ye.M.Pesherova tomonidan muzey uchun sotib olingan
paranji ip-gazlama mato – parpashadan tayyorlangan. 1935-yilda muzeyda xalq xoʻjaligi
koʻrgazmasidan Qashqadaryoga mansub ikki paranji berilgan. Qalami boʻzdan tayyorlangan bu
paranjilarning yoqalari va etaklariga jiyaklar tikilgan. Paranjining tarkibiy qismi boʻlgan
chachvonlar ham oʻzining badiiy bezagi bilan e’tiborni tortadi.
ISSN:
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2024
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 2 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Vaqt oʻtishi bilan paranji kundalik kiyimdan marosim kiyimiga aylandi. XX asr
boshlaridagi to`ylarda kuyov uyiga kelinni paranjida olib borishgan. Kelin paranjida soʻzana ostida
oʻtirgan va u holda kuyov uni goʻshangaga olib kirgan. Kelinni kuyov qarindoshlari oldiga kelin
salomga paranjida olib chiqishgan. Davrlar oʻtishi bilan paranji milliy qadriyat sifatida faqat
muzeylarimizda saqlanib qolgan.
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