ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
676
INSONLAR HAYOTINI YAXSHILASHDA YOSH DAVRLAR PSIXOLOGIYASI
FANINI O’RGANISHNING AHAMIYATI
Gadayeva Mohigul Muxamedovna
Osiyo Xalqaro Universiteti “Tarix va filologiya” kafedrasi assistenti
Ismoilova Zarina Sohibjon qizi
Osiyo xalqaro universiteti 1P- 23 guruh talabasi
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10873680
Annotatsiya.
Ushbu maqolada psixologiyaning insonlar hayotidagi o`rni, kelib chiqish va
rivojlanish tarixi, uning tarmoqlari va yosh davrlar psixologiyasi haqida umumiy malumotlar
beriladi.
Kalit so`zlar:
Psixologiya, psixika, psixologiyaning tadqiqot metodlari, yosh davrlar
psixologiyasi.
THE IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING THE SCIENCE OF YOUTH
PSYCHOLOGY IN IMPROVING PEOPLE'S LIVES
Abstract.
This article provides general information about the role of psychology in people's
lives, the history of its origin and development, its branches, and the psychology of young people
.
Key words:
Psychology, psychology, research methods of psychology, psychology of youth.
ЗНАЧЕНИЕ ИЗУЧЕНИЯ НАУКИ ПСИХОЛОГИИ МОЛОДЕЖИ В УЛУЧШЕНИИ
ЖИЗНИ ЛЮДЕЙ
Аннотация.
В статье представлены общие сведения о роли психологии в жизни
людей, истории ее зарождения и развития, ее отраслях, психологии молодежи.
Ключевые слова:
Психология, психика, методы исследования психологии,
психология молодежи.
O`zbekiston Respublikasining kadrlari oldiga qo`yilayotgan eng muhim vazifalardan biri-
malakali mutaxassislar sifatida o`zligini, o`z qobilyatlari, individualligi, shaxsiy fazilat hamda
xislatlarini bilgan holda atrofdagilar mehnatini oqilona tashkil etish va ijtimoiy foydali mehnatning
barcha sohalarida iqtidorli kasb sohasi sifatida faoliyat ko`rsatishidir. Bu o`rinda inson ruhiyati
qonuniyatlarini o`rganuvchi psixologiya fanining o`rni kattadir.
Psixologiya so`zining lug`aviy ma`nosi grekcha psyuxe-jon, ruh, logos- fan, ta`limot degan
ma`nolarni bildiradi. Psixologiya fan sifatida psixik faktlar, ularning qonuniyatlariva
mexanizmlarini o`rganadi.
Psixologiya asosan psixikani keng doirada tadqiq qiladi. Shunga ko`ra psixikaning yuzaga
keltiruvchi asosiy psixik faoliyatlari ko`rsatilgan. Aynan psixik faoliyatlar quyidagi jarayonlarni
o`z ichiga oladi:
Bilish faoliyatlari : diqqat, nutq, faoliyat ;
Bilish jarayonlari : sezgi, idrok, xotira, xayol, tafakkur ;
Shaxsning hissiy , irodaviy sohasi: - hissiyot, iroda;
Shaxsning individual psixologik xususiyatlari: temperament, xarakter, qobiliyat.[1.7]
M.G.Davletshin fikricha psixika deganda – oliy darajadagi materiyaning (miyaning)xususiyati
tushunilib, ob`ektiv borliqni aks ettirilishida namoyon bo`ladi, sub`ekt faoliyatini ma`lum maqsad
ISSN:
2181-3906
2024
International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
677
asosida yo`naltiradi hamda xulq-atvor negizida shakllanadi. Professor V.M.Karimova fikricha
psixika – inson ruhiyatining shunday holatiki, u tashqi anglashimizni ta`minlaydi.
Psixikaning paydo bo`lishining asosiy shakllari va ularning o`zaro bog`liqligi
1.
Jarayonlar 2.Holatlar 3.Shaxs xususiyatlari 4.Hissiy- irodaviy
Bilish jarayonlari
Sezgi. Idrok .Xotira .Xayol.Tafakkur. Nutq.Diqqat
Holatlar
Qiziqish . Ishonuvchanlik.Kayfiyat. Shubhalanuvchanlik.Apatiya.Tushkunlik
Shaxs xususiyatlari
Yo`nalganlik.Temperament.Xarakter.Qobiliyat
Hissiy – irodaviy
Hissiyot. Iroda
Psixologiyaning fan sifatida yuzaga kelish bosqichlari quyidagi jadvalda o`z aksini topgan:
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VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Geraklit, Demokrit, Aflotun, Arastularning ta`limotlari keeyigi asrlarda psixologik
g`oyalarni rivojlanishida tayanch nuqta bo`lib hisoblanadi.
O`zbekiston oliy maktablarida psixologiya o`quv fani sifatida1928 yildan boshlab o`qitilib
kelinmoqda. ( Xuddi shu davrda L.S.Vigotskiy O`rta Osiyoda, O`zbekistonda ommaviy
ma`ruzalar o`qilganligi mazkur jarayonni trzlashtirgan asosiy omil bo`lganligiga hech shak-
shubha yo`q.
Psixologiya fanining ijtimoiy hayotda nufuzi har soniya sayin ortib bormoqda. Shu tufayli
pedagogik ta`lim muassasalarida uni o`qitish yo`lga qo`yila boshlandi. Mazkur soh abo`yicha
yuqori malakali mutaxasislar tayyorlash maqsadida Orta Osiyo Davlat Universitetida 1938 yilda
(hozir Milliy Universitet) logika va psixologiya bo`lini ochildi. 1950-yillarning 2-yarmidan
boshlab pedogogika institutlarida va bilim yurtlarida psixologiya bo`limlari ochildi. Ayniqsa qisqa
muddatli 15 va 9 oylik ommaviy psixologlar tayyorlash kurslarining ommaviylashuvi psixolog-
mutaxasislarga nisbatan ehtiyojning kuchayganligini bildiradi.[2.8]
Psixologiyaning boshqa fanlarr bilan bog`liqligi:
Psixologiya fani zamonaviy ta`limotga asoslangan holda inson shaxsining tarkib topishini
3 ta omilning ta`siriga bog`liqligini dalillar asosida izohlab berdi. Ulardan;
Inson tug`ilib voyaga yetadigan tashqi ijtimoiy muhitning ta`siri;
Odamga uzoq muddat davomida muntazam tarzda beriladigan ta`lim-tarbiyaning ta`siri;
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International scientific journal
«MODERN SCIENCE АND RESEARCH»
VOLUME 3 / ISSUE 3 / UIF:8.2 / MODERNSCIENCE.UZ
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Odamga tug`ma ravishda, tayyor holda beriladigan nasliy xususiyatlarning ta`siridir.
Ma`lumki, har bir odam o`ziga xos, boshqalarda aynan takrorlanmaydigan ijtimoiy muxitda, aniq
ijtimoiy munosabatlarda, ya`ni oila, jamoa va jamiyatda odamlar orasida yashab ulg`ayadi,
shakllanadi. [3.15]
D.B. Elqonin yosh davrlarini quyidagi bosqichlarga ajratadi:
1.
Go`daklik davri- tug`ilgandan 1 yoshgacha – yetakchi faoliyat bevosita emotsional
muloqot;
2.
Ilk bolalik davri- 1 yoshdan 3 yoshgacha – yetakchi faoliyat – predmetlar bilan nozik
harakatlar qilish;
3.
Maktabgacha davr – 3 yoshdan 7 yoshgacha – rolli o`yinlar;
4.
Kichik maktab yoshi davri- 7-10 yoshgacha – o`qish;
5.
Kichik o`smirlik davri- 10-15 yoshgacha – shaxsning intim (dilkash, samimiy)
muloqot;
6.
Katta o`smirlik yoki ilk o`spirinlik davri- 16 yoshdan 17 yoshgacha; yetakchi faoliyat
– o`qish, kasb tanlash davri.
D.B. Elqonin tasnifini ko`pchilik psixologlar tomonidan e`tirof etilsa-da , biroq uning
birmuncha munozarali tomonlari mavjud. D.B. Elqoninning mazkur nazariyasi psixologiya
fanida, ayniqsa yosh davrlari psixologiyasida muhim o`rin tutadi.[3.21]
Psixologiyaning an`anaviy, empiric metodlari hozirgi kungacha muvaffaqiyatli
qo`llanilmoqda.
1.
Kuzatish metodi bu – turli yoshdagi odamlarning diqqati, xis-tuyg`ulari, nerv sistemasining
tashqi ifodalari, temperament xususiyatlari, imo-ishoralari, sezgirligi, xulq-atvori, nutq
faoliyati va xokazolarni o`rganadi. Bu metod ob`ektiv (tashqi) va sub`ektiv (ichki) kuzatish
turlari bor
2.
Suhbat metodi. Bu metod bilan inson psixikasini o`rganishda suhbatning maqsadi va
vazifasi belgilanadi, uning ob`ekti va sub`ekti tanlanadi, mavzusi, o`tkaziladigan vaqti
aniqlanadi, yakka shaxslar, guruh va jamoa bilan o`tkazishrejalashtiriladi, o`rganilayotgan
narsa bilan uzviy bog`liq savol – javob tartibi tayyorlanadi. Bu orqali turli yoshdadi
odamlarning tafakkuri, xulq-atvori, ziyrakligi, dunyoqarashi, e`tiqodi, irodasito`g`risida
ma`lumotlar yig`iladi.
3.
Test metodi. Test – inglizcha sinash, tekshirish demakdir. Shaxsning aqliy o`sishini,
qobiliyatini, irodaviy sifatlari va boshqa psixik xususiyatlarini tekshirishda qo`llaniladigan
qisqa standard masala, topshiriq, misol, jumboqlar test deyiladi. 1905 yildan, ya`ni fransuz
olimi A. Bine va uning shogirdi A. Simon insonning aqliy o`sish va is`tedod darajalarini
o`lchash imkoniyati borligini g`oyasini ilgari surganidan keyin psixologiyada metod
qo`llanila boshladi.
4.
Tajriba metodi. Bu turli yoshdagi odamlarning psixikasini chuqurroq, aniqroq tadqiq qilish
metodlar Ichida eng muhimi hisoblanadi. eksperement metodi yordamida sun`iy
tushunchalarning shakllanishi, nutqning o`sishi, favqulotda xolatlardan chiqish, muammoli
vaziyatni hal qilish jarayonlari, shaxsning xis-tuyg`ulari, xarakteri va tipologik
xususiyatlarini o`rganadi.
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5.
Sotsiometrik metod. Bu metod guruh a`zolari o`rtasidagi bevosita emotsional
munosabatlarni o`rganish va ularning darajasini o`lchashda qo`llanilani. Unga amerikalik
sotsiolog Djon Morenko asoslangan.
6.
Anketa metodi. U odatda 3 xil bo`ladi:
Anglashilgan motivlarni aniqlashga mo`ljallangan savollar tuziladi;
Xar bir savolning bir nechtadan tayyor javobi beriladi;
Sinaluvchiga yozilgan to`g`ri javoblarni ballar bilan baxolash tavsiya etiladi.
Anketadan turli yoshdagi odamlarning layoqatlarini, muayyyan sohaga qiziqishlari va
qobiliyatlarini, o`ziga, tengdoshlariga, katta va kichiklarga munosabatlarini aniqlash
maqsadida qo`llaniladi. [3.9]
Xulosa
Har bir yosh davrining psixologik xususiyatlarini hisobga olgan holda ta`limiy va
tarbiyaviy ta`sir o`tkazish insonda o`z - o`zini anglashni vujudga keltiradi. Shaxsda o`z-o`zini
anglash tuyg`usi qancha erta uyg`onsa, shaxsiy nuqtai nazar, o`z xulqini xis qilish, o`zining amaliy
va jismoniy imkoniyatlarini baholash shunchalik tez paydo bo`ladi. Umuman ijtimoiy hayotning
barcha jabhalarida – jumladan, oila, tarbiya muassasalari, ishlab chiqarish korxonasi va jamoat
tashkilotlarida psixologik ilmlardan foydalanish ta`lim va tarbiyada shaxslararo ijobiy
munosabatlar o`rnatishning, ishlab chiqarish samaradorligini oshirishning garovidir.
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