All articles - Ophthalmology
Number of articles: 149
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Ways to improve the system of medical examination of patients with primary glaucomaGlaucoma is one of the most significant ophthalmic diseases, which, with late detection and lack of timely treatment, adjusted depending on the patient's condition, leads to blindness. Of particular value in the organization of monitoring is personalized accounting in the form of registers to optimize the provision of specialized medical care, including to persons suffering from socially significant diseases, which is primary glaucoma. The aim of this study is to improve the organization of medical care for primary glaucoma by creating an electronic program for medical examinations. To improve the quality of medical care for primary glaucoma, we have developed an electronic program "Card of medical examination of a patient with primary glaucoma", which is designed to record and analyze the main clinical and statistical indicators, and monitor this disease. The map clearly shows the dynamics of the patient's management process: when the diagnosis was made, what treatment was carried out, the transition from stage to stage, in what time frame he was observed, the results of research, when he applied to the primary link of health care, and when to the specialized link of health care, etc. The map makes it possible to conduct an expert assessment of the timing of the detection of the disease, the adequacy and timeliness of the treatment and diagnostic process and medical examinations, the competence of doctors. The automated electronic program "Map of clinical examination of a patient with primary glaucoma" contains such a statistical tool as an integrated query constructor for extracting any information about patients, in which the user can set conditions for any database fields in any combination and get the resulting table with fields that can be configured for visualization.
Medicine and innovations -
Efficiency of lutein-zeaxanthin-containing vitamin-mineral complex in medicamental therapy of age macular degenerationAge-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the leading medical and social problems worldwide. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of drug therapy in patients with early AMD with a lutein-zeaxanthin containing vitamin-mineral complex. The clinical study included 50 patients of the main group who took lutein-zeaxanthin containing a vitamin-mineral complex, 1 capsule once a day for 3 months, for 3 onsecutive years, and 50 patients of the control group who did not receive drug therapy. The patients of the main group showed an increase in visual acuity, an improvement in parameters according to OCT data, an improvement in the subjective perception of their own visual functions. At the same time, patients in the control group showed deterioration in visual acuity, progression of the disease according to OCT data, which was manifested by the transition to the next stage of AMD. Conclusion: drug therapy for early stage AMD has a prophylactic effect on the progression of the pathological process in the macular zone.
Medicine and innovations -
DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF OPHTHALMOLOGIC COMPLICATIONS IN ZYGOMATIC AND ORBITAL INJURIES.Purpose: The aim of the study was to study ophthalmic complications in patients with fractures of the zygomatic-orbital complex. Materials and methods: From 01.09.2015 to 01.09.2019, 3013 patients with craniocerebral trauma were hospitalized in the department of maxillofacial surgery, of which 821 were diagnosed with various fractures of the bones of the middle zone of the face. Results: The leading ophthalmological symptoms of injuries of the zygomatic-orbital complex are: cnophthalmos, limited movement of the eyeballs, diplopia. Traumatic optical neuropathy in this pathology occurs in 20.9%. Timely implementation of reconstructive operations at an early stage allows you to restore functional disorders: dystopia in 89.8% of cases, strabismus correction in 73.6%, diplopia-in 91.5% and get good cosmetic results
Medicine and innovations -
RESULTS OF LENSECTOMY WITH IMPLANTATION OF TWO BACK-TO-BACK IOLS IN HIGH-GRADE MYOPIAThe aim of the study was to evaluate the effectiveness of lensectomy (LE) with the implantation of two intraocular lenses (IOL) by the “back-to-back” method for high myopia using the operating navigation system “VERION. Material and methods. The study included 68 patients (114 eyes) diagnosed with high myopia, which were divided into two groups: the main group included 40 patients (58 eyes) who underwent LE with implantation of two IOLs, the control group consisted of 28 patients (56 eyes), with which the LE was performed by the traditional method. Results and discussion.During implantation of 2 IOLs, an increase in the volume of the lens bag to 1.15 ± 0.05 mm and a lesser displacement of the vitreous body occur, in contrast to a lensectomy with one IOL (LT 0.52 ± 0.02). Conclusion. Analysis of the research results allows us to recommend the removal of a clear crystalline lens with the implantation of two lOLs using the back-to-back method with high myopia, with the aim of creating stability of the anatomical and topographic relative position of intraocular structures and the possibility of reducing the risk of retinal detachment, in contrast to the traditional method of surgical treatment.
Medicine and innovations -
The article presents modern views on the problem of prevalence and prevention caused by myopia. The relevance of this problem is associated with its extreme prevalence by 2020, from 1.8 to 2.5 billion people suffer from it and the severity of complications leading to decreased visual acuity and blindness. Prevention issues are complicated by the polyetiology of this pathology. There is no doubt about the urgency of conducting a study that reveals the prevalence of the disease in the Republic. -
Dynamics of microcirculatory changes in the retina in patients after renal transplantationVisual disorders are the main factor determining the quality of life of patients with various somatic pathologies, a large part of which is represented by kidney diseases. The most famous ophthalmic manifestations of uremia are albuminuric retinopathy with eye hemorrhage, bilateral retinal detachment, typical cotton-like foci, and a star shape in the macula. The goal is to assess the state of the organ of vision in patients with end-stage chronic renal failure after kidney transplantation. As a result of studies in patients after 6-8 months, against the background of a decrease in normalization of blood pressure, regression of angiopathy and retinopathy, restoration of nerve conduction, and improvement of visual functions were noted. In patients with end-stage CRF, kidney transplantation is the most effective and only radical method of treating the body, which leads to a pronounced improvement in microcirculation, hemo-and hydrodynamics of the eye, improvement of the functions of the organ of vision, and the condition of the fundus.
Medicine and innovations -
DIAGNOSTIC ROLE OF OPTICAL COHERENT TOMOGRAPHY OF ANGIOGRAPHY IN PRIMARY OPEN-ANGLE GLAUCOMAThe review presents data from foreign literature on the diagnostic value of optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) as a method for studying the microvasculaturc of the eye in early diagnosis and monitoring of glaucoma. Numerous foreign researchers have studied the OCT-A parameters, which provide information on the anatomy and physiology of the microcirculation of the retina and the optic nerve head. OCT-A can provide an assessment of the vasculature within the optic nerve, peripapillary superficial retina, macula, and parapapillary choroid in glaucoma. The density of the peripapillary superficial retinal vessels allows the diagnosis and detection of the progression of glaucoma, as well as the thickness of the peripapillary RNFL. A decrease in the density of the peripapillary vessels of the intact field or unaffected glaucomatous eyes indicates that vascular changes may occur before noticeable damage to the visual field.
Medicine and innovations -
ИСТОРИЧЕCКИЙ АСПЕКТ ХИРУРГИЧЕСКОГО ЛЕЧЕНИЯ ПЕРЕЛОМОВ НИЖНЕЙ СТЕНКИ ГЛАЗНИЦЫАктуальность. Перелом нижней стенки (дна) орбиты остается недиагностированным у пациентов с анофтальмом в 27-33%. Сочетание перелома нижней стенки орбиты с анофтальмом усиливает выраженность анофтальмического синдрома (западение протеза со смещением его книзу по горизонтали; опущение верхнего века с западением верхней переходной складки; пролапс/отвисанис нижнего века), что требует реконструкции нижней стенки орбиты. Выполнение компьютерной томографии (КТ) с целью детальной диагностики протяженности перелома нижней стенки орбиты определяет тактику хирургического лечения пациента.
Medicine and innovations -
According to the World Health Organization, the developed mamla- 20 percent of preschool children on the floors and every fourth schoolboy view it is said that there are problems in the ability [18]. Refractive errors at the moment – a topical problem of children's ophthalmology- it is one of the molars. In recent years, mainly myopia disease, including re- the growth trend among children of pathologies with fractional defects is observed- Magda [1,6]. -
OPHTHALMOLOGIC DIAGNOSTIC AND TREATMENT OF ZYGOMATIC AND ORBITAL INJURIES IN CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMAThe aim of our study was to study the ophthalmological symptoms in patients with fractures of the zygomatic-orbital complex in craniocerebral trauma, the development of traumatic optical neuropathy (TON) depending on hemodynamic disorders. Materials and methods: From 01.09.2015 to 01.09.2019, 3013 patients with craniocerebral trauma were hospitalized in the department of maxillofacial surgery, of which 821 were diagnosed with various fractures of the bones of the face middle zone. Results: The leading ophthalmological symptoms of injuries of the zygomatic-orbital complex are: enophthalmos, limited movement of the eyeballs, diplopia. Traumatic optical neuropathy in this pathology occurs in 20.9%. Timely implementation of reconstructive operations at an early stage allows you to restore functional disorders: dystopia in 89.8% of cases, strabismus correction in 73.6%. diplopia-in 91.5% and get good cosmetic results.
Doctor's Herald -
The author conducted crystallographic studies at various stages of the development of glaucoma in 18 patients. Crystallography of glaucoma of varying degrees of development showed that in the observed patients experienced fern crystallization of various intensities. This is due to the fact that patients were mainly aged 50 years and above. Crystallography in various variations was characterized by fern-shaped branches of various intensities. The transition from one stage to another was associated with a long treatment time that took many years. Gross violations in the branches were noted in the 4th stage “C” and under acute bouts of glaucoma in the form of blowing off the winds and the destruction of the secondary branches from the main trunk of the "fern". This is indirect evidence of a sharp violation of hemodynamics, metabolism in the eyeball, which leads to an imbalance in the metabolism of organic and inorganic compounds in the tears of the eyeball. -
Modern condition of the morbidity of the organ of vision in childrenAt present, a person is faced with growing actions on his body of various external, chemical and biological factors. The organ of vision, as part of the body, is also affected by these factors, including environmental ones. Mentioned factors affect not only the structure of the organ of vision, but also disrupt its activity, which is expressed by the development of various pathologies.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
It is known that as a result of the spread and impact of pollutants in terrestrial ecosystems, negative bioeffects arise: acute, chronic and remote. Residents of environmentally unfavorable areas exposed to a complex of harmful factors experience a change in the immune status with the development of immunodeficiency states and allergization of the body [4]. For some industrial zones, an increase in the frequency of allergic diseases has become characteristic, which is a consequence of the underestimation of environmental factors, which affects the health of the population. -
Сontrol of hemodynamics in elderly patients with hypertensive disease in ophthalmic surgeryThe examination was conducted to evaluate the results of monitoring hemodynamic parameters in elderly patients with concomitant hypertensive disease (GD) when extracting cataracts. The examination included 45 patients aged from 60 to 75 years. All patients suffered concomitant GB of stages I, II, III with arterial hy-pertension I, II, III degree, 10 patients have concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM 2 type), 2 have obesity. The work described in detail the preoperative preparation of patients with concomitant GD, as well as, succes-sive hemodynamic monitoring. The results of the examination make affirm that adequate hypotensive therapy in combination with drugs that reduce psychical and emotional stress in the preoperative period, exclusion of vis-ual contact, psychoemotional stress through sedation and NLA in waiting`s rooms allows to achieve stabiliza-tion of the clinical condition of patients, which is clearly correlated with improvement of hemodynamic param-eters
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Effectiveness of intravitreal administration of the kenalog in central venous retinal vein thrombosisUnder our supervision there were 12 patients with thrombosis of Central vein of retina treated in the 1st clinic of SamMI the eye Department. The age of patients ranged from 45 to 69 years, the average was 52.6 years. Of them women to 7 men – 5. The cause of retinal vein thrombosis were mainly hypertension and diabe- tes, or a combination. The effectiveness of intravitreal injection of kenalog is probably connected with the in- crease in the concentration of steroids in the lesion, leading to the decrease in retinal edema and restoration of elements of the retina due to the longer effect of the drug
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Frequency and structure of visual impairment in children with epilepsyThis article reflects the frequency and structure of visual disorders in children with epilepsy. The study is based on data from a clinical ophthalmological examination of the eyes in 151 children with epilepsy. In the course of the survey, it was found that the frequency of occurrence of the pathology of the eyes was 68.2%. The most common pathology of eyesight in children with epilepsy is established at the age of 1 year to 5 years, which is 47.5%. The correlation interrelation between the duration of the disease and the frequency of epileptic seizures on the development of the pathology of the organs of vision was proved.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Description of factors affected negatively on vision abilities of pupils and academic studentsThe object of the study was investigation of factors affected on vision ability of school and academic stu-dents. It was found that among students is very low level of knowledge about elementary eye hygiene. The rea-sons for losing the vision ability among student population are spending a lot of time in front of TV and com-puter, doing homework in the dark evening hours, etc
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Evaluation of the effectiveness of complex treatment of herpetik keratoconjunctivitis with the use of ozone through orion-si glassesWe examined 26 patients (26 eyes) with herpetic keratitis in age from 17 to 63 years. Men were - 15, women - 11. A study group comprised 14 patients (14 eyes) who used traditional conservative therapy with the use of ozone therapy and the control group consisted of 12 patients (12 eyes) who used only the traditional medical therapy. As a result of comparative clinical studies and the comprehensive application of the method of ozone therapy and traditional medical treatment of herpetic keratitis showed that combined application allows you to increase the effectiveness of treatment, improves clinical outcomes.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Functional results low-invasive by energy industry with implantation of IOL at 40 patients with senile cataract are studied. Visual acuity at all patients at receipt fluctuated from the correct projection of light to 0,05. Before operative measure of 30 patients (75%) distinguished only light with the correct svetoproyektion, at 10 - visual acuity has made 0,02-0,05 (25%). Within the first week after operation visual acuity has increased to 0,3 at 21 patients (52,5%), 0,4 - at 12 (30%). The maximum visual acuity without correction which managed to achieve as a result of operation, has made 0,8-0,9 at 7 patients - 17,5%. -
Medical protection of psychoemotional stress in elderly patients with accompanying hypertensive disease in optalmosurgeryAmong them were 38 women (46.3%) and 44 men (53.7%). The age of patients was 60 to 75 years, the duration of arterial hypertension (AH) was 10 to 23 years. Preoperative preparation of patients with concomi-tant GB, as well as subsequent hemodynamic monitoring is described. The results of the study suggest that ad-equate antihypertensive therapy in combination with sedation and neuroleptanalgesia in the wards of waiting allows achieving stabilization of the clinical state of patients, clearly correlating with improvement of hemody-namic parameters
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Results of surgical correction of high anisometropia in patients with strabismusThe analysis of the results of surgical correction of anisometropia in 8 patients with strabismus. 4 pa-tients had myopia and hyperopia in 4 patients in the squinting eye. All patients were performed surgery to re-move the lens and IOL installation. The refraction after surgery was from emmetropii to myopia in 1 diopter. Strabismus disappeared in 6 patients. Visual acuity in the operated eye improved in all patients
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Changes in the indices of lipid peroxidation in the comprehensive treatment of inflammatory diseases of the eye surface with photodynamic therapyThe effect of photodynamic therapy on lipid peroxidation in lacrimal fluid as a part of comprehensive treatment of inflammatory diseases of the eye surface was investigated in this study. MDA level increases in the lacrimal fluid of patients with inflammatory diseases of the eye surface as the activity of catalase decreases and imbalances in the lipid peroxidation/ antioxidant defense system occur, especially in patients with keratitis. The use of photodynamic therapy in the comprehensive treatment of patients with inflammatory diseases of the eye surface activates catalase, reduces the high amount of endogenous intoxication and stimulates reparative pro-cesses of the cornea and conjunctiva.
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
Crystallographytearfluidin patients with age-related cataractA crystallographic study of tear fluid was performed in 20 healthy and 24 patients with age-related cata-ract. Crystallization of the tear fluid of patients with age-related cataract occurs in the same way as in healthy individuals, and is characterized by the formation of continuous figures in the form of snowflakes, daisies or fern branches
Journal problems of biology and medicine -
The effectiveness of the operation of phacoemulsification with intra ocular lenses implantation with mature senile cataractFunctional outcomes were studied surgery phacoemulsification with IOL implantation in patients with senile cataract. We performed an analysis of surgical treatment of 22 patients (22 eyes) with this eye disease. Visual acuity at delivery ranged from the correct projection of light to 0.01. By the degree of core density of 54.5% (12 eyes) - had grade 2, 36.4% (8 eyes) grade 3 and 9.1 % (2 eyes) - 4 degree very dense cataract are drilling core. Discharge of patients from hospital acuity of 0.6-1.0 was observed in 45.4% cases (10 eyes), 0.4-0.5- in 31.8% cases (7 eyes). 0.2-0.3- in 22.7% cases (5 eyes). Poor eyesight in the postoperative comorbidity explained by the retina.
Doctor's Herald -
The crystalloscopic picture of native tears of healthy people aged 20 to 70 years is studied. In the facies of the tears of young people (20-35 years old) there are crystals forming the figures of snowflakes and chamomiles. Crystallization in the form of branches of pine or spruce is characteristic for individuals of 40 and 50 years. In individuals older than 50 years, the crystallization of tears in the form of fern stems is observed, from which secondary branches of different length and thickness leave. At the same time, the systemic nature of their branching is preserved. In this age group, in the tear facies, we did not observe crystal patterns in the form of snowflakes and chamomiles.The study showed that the crystalloscopic picture of tear fluid of healthy people of different age groups is different, which should be taken into account when studying the crystallogram of tears, both in normal and in different pathologies.
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