Том 3 № 48 (2024): Академические исследования в современной науке

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have been widely applied as a new generation of materials in materials science and coating technologies in recent years. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing problems and prospects of coatings obtained from high entropy alloys. The mechanical, thermal, and corrosion resistance properties of HEAs, as well as the challenges encountered during their preparation and on their surfaces, are discussed in detail. The article addresses the technological problems in the application of HEAs, new methods for improving coating quality, and prospects for future developments. The research findings highlight the potential for effectively utilizing high entropy alloys in various industries.

High entropy alloys (HEAs) have been widely applied as a new generation of materials in materials science and coating technologies in recent years. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the existing problems and prospects of coatings obtained from high entropy alloys. The mechanical, thermal, and corrosion resistance properties of HEAs, as well as the challenges encountered during their preparation and on their surfaces, are discussed in detail. The article addresses the technological problems in the application of HEAs, new methods for improving coating quality, and prospects for future developments. The research findings highlight the potential for effectively utilizing high entropy alloys in various industries.

Commodity material reserves, including office supplies, IT equipment, and security-related materials, are essential for the smooth operations of commercial banks. While these reserves are not directly linked to revenue generation, their proper management and auditing ensure compliance with regulations, operational continuity, and reliable financial reporting. This thesis addresses the challenges faced in auditing these reserves and proposes solutions to improve the audit process using advanced tools and methodologies.

Commodity material reserves, including office supplies, IT equipment, and security-related materials, are essential for the smooth operations of commercial banks. While these reserves are not directly linked to revenue generation, their proper management and auditing ensure compliance with regulations, operational continuity, and reliable financial reporting. This thesis addresses the challenges faced in auditing these reserves and proposes solutions to improve the audit process using advanced tools and methodologies.

Commodity-material reserves, including office supplies, IT equipment, and security-related materials, are crucial for the smooth functioning of commercial banks. Accurate accounting and management of these reserves ensure operational efficiency, cost control, and compliance with regulatory standards. However, managing these reserves across multiple branches, with diverse inventory types and valuation methods, often leads to inefficiencies. These challenges highlight the need to improve accounting practices for commodity-material reserves in commercial banks.

Commodity-material reserves, including office supplies, IT equipment, and security-related materials, are crucial for the smooth functioning of commercial banks. Accurate accounting and management of these reserves ensure operational efficiency, cost control, and compliance with regulatory standards. However, managing these reserves across multiple branches, with diverse inventory types and valuation methods, often leads to inefficiencies. These challenges highlight the need to improve accounting practices for commodity-material reserves in commercial banks.

The audit of settlements with suppliers of goods and contractors plays a vital role in ensuring the financial stability and transparency of an organization. This process validates the accuracy of financial records and their compliance with regulations and internal policies. However, the increasing complexity of modern economic environments, growing transaction volumes, technological advancements, and intricate legal frameworks necessitate the continuous improvement of auditing methodologies.

The audit of settlements with suppliers of goods and contractors plays a vital role in ensuring the financial stability and transparency of an organization. This process validates the accuracy of financial records and their compliance with regulations and internal policies. However, the increasing complexity of modern economic environments, growing transaction volumes, technological advancements, and intricate legal frameworks necessitate the continuous improvement of auditing methodologies.

The effective formation and equitable distribution of state budget revenues play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and sustainability of public finances. This study examines the current state of budget revenue formation in Uzbekistan, focusing on the mechanisms of revenue distribution between various levels of the budget system—national, regional, and local. By analyzing existing legal frameworks, statistical data, and international practices, this research identifies key challenges and proposes recommendations for improving the fiscal system in Uzbekistan.

The effective formation and equitable distribution of state budget revenues play a crucial role in ensuring the stability and sustainability of public finances. This study examines the current state of budget revenue formation in Uzbekistan, focusing on the mechanisms of revenue distribution between various levels of the budget system—national, regional, and local. By analyzing existing legal frameworks, statistical data, and international practices, this research identifies key challenges and proposes recommendations for improving the fiscal system in Uzbekistan.

This thesis explores the role, evolution, and challenges of auditing professional ethics in Uzbekistan, emphasizing its critical contribution to financial transparency, accountability, and economic stability. It analyzes the regulatory framework governing ethical practices in auditing, identifies key challenges such as conflicts of interest, weak enforcement mechanisms, and lack of training, and proposes actionable strategies to enhance ethical compliance. This research provides a roadmap for fostering trust and credibility in Uzbekistan’s auditing profession, supporting its economic reforms and global integration.

This thesis explores the role, evolution, and challenges of auditing professional ethics in Uzbekistan, emphasizing its critical contribution to financial transparency, accountability, and economic stability. It analyzes the regulatory framework governing ethical practices in auditing, identifies key challenges such as conflicts of interest, weak enforcement mechanisms, and lack of training, and proposes actionable strategies to enhance ethical compliance. This research provides a roadmap for fostering trust and credibility in Uzbekistan’s auditing profession, supporting its economic reforms and global integration.

Pomidor (Solanum lycopersicum) bugungi kunda dunyo miqyosida keng tarqalgan va iqtisodiy jihatdan muhim bo’lgan sabzavot ekinlaridan biridir. U antioksidantning muhim manbai hisoblanadi. Pomidorni yetishtirish va qayta ishlash yil sayin aholi sonining o‘sishi bilan ortib bormoqda. Shuningdek, pomidor mevasi tarkibidagi likopen, β-karotin, α-tokoferol, polifenollar va C vitamini kabi inson salomatligiga ijobiy ta'sir ko`rsatadi. Ayniqsa likopen va β-karotin antioksidanlari organizmdagi erkin radikallarni zararsizlantirishda muhim ro’l o’ynaydi.

Pomidor (Solanum lycopersicum) bugungi kunda dunyo miqyosida keng tarqalgan va iqtisodiy jihatdan muhim bo’lgan sabzavot ekinlaridan biridir. U antioksidantning muhim manbai hisoblanadi. Pomidorni yetishtirish va qayta ishlash yil sayin aholi sonining o‘sishi bilan ortib bormoqda. Shuningdek, pomidor mevasi tarkibidagi likopen, β-karotin, α-tokoferol, polifenollar va C vitamini kabi inson salomatligiga ijobiy ta'sir ko`rsatadi. Ayniqsa likopen va β-karotin antioksidanlari organizmdagi erkin radikallarni zararsizlantirishda muhim ro’l o’ynaydi.

This article outlines the methodology for conducting laboratory investigations into the effects of hydrogen on reservoir rocks. It details the stages of sample analysis and the instruments employed during the experiments. A comparative evaluation of the porosity and permeability of core samples was undertaken, revealing a 4.6% decrease in porosity and a 7.9% reduction in permeability following hydrogen exposure. Correlation analysis indicated a typical shift in the relationship between these characteristics: post-exposure, the variability of values increased while the correlation coefficient decreased, suggesting alterations in the void structure. The findings suggest that the observed reductions in porosity and permeability are attributed to slight compaction due to effective stresses. Chemical analyses indicated no significant changes in the composition of primary oxides before and

This article outlines the methodology for conducting laboratory investigations into the effects of hydrogen on reservoir rocks. It details the stages of sample analysis and the instruments employed during the experiments. A comparative evaluation of the porosity and permeability of core samples was undertaken, revealing a 4.6% decrease in porosity and a 7.9% reduction in permeability following hydrogen exposure. Correlation analysis indicated a typical shift in the relationship between these characteristics: post-exposure, the variability of values increased while the correlation coefficient decreased, suggesting alterations in the void structure. The findings suggest that the observed reductions in porosity and permeability are attributed to slight compaction due to effective stresses. Chemical analyses indicated no significant changes in the composition of primary oxides before and

Ушбу мақолада фирибгарлик жиноятининг криминологик тавсифи ва виктимлик тушунчасикенг ёритиб берилган.

Ушбу мақолада фирибгарлик жиноятининг криминологик тавсифи ва виктимлик тушунчасикенг ёритиб берилган.

Иқтисодиётни модернизaциялaш шaроитидa республикa корхонaлaридa хaлқaро стaндaртлaргa мувофиқ бўлгaн сифaтни бошқaриш тизимлaрини жорий этиш долзaрб мaсaлa бўлиб келмоқдa. Чунки ҳозирги глобaллaшув шaроитидa истеъмолчи нaфaқaт ишлaб чиқaрилaётгaн мaҳсулот вa кўрсaтилaётгaн хизмaтлaрни сифaт сертификaтгa эгa бўлишини, бaлки мaҳсулотнинг сифaти вa ишончлилигигa ҳaм кaфолaт тaлaб қилмоқдa.

Иқтисодиётни модернизaциялaш шaроитидa республикa корхонaлaридa хaлқaро стaндaртлaргa мувофиқ бўлгaн сифaтни бошқaриш тизимлaрини жорий этиш долзaрб мaсaлa бўлиб келмоқдa. Чунки ҳозирги глобaллaшув шaроитидa истеъмолчи нaфaқaт ишлaб чиқaрилaётгaн мaҳсулот вa кўрсaтилaётгaн хизмaтлaрни сифaт сертификaтгa эгa бўлишини, бaлки мaҳсулотнинг сифaти вa ишончлилигигa ҳaм кaфолaт тaлaб қилмоқдa.

Congenital (meaning present at birth) heart disease is a term used to describe a number of different conditions that affect the heart. These heart abnormalities are problems that occur as the baby's heart is developing during pregnancy, before the baby is born. Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 1 in 120 babies born in the United States, making heart defects the most common birth defects.

Congenital (meaning present at birth) heart disease is a term used to describe a number of different conditions that affect the heart. These heart abnormalities are problems that occur as the baby's heart is developing during pregnancy, before the baby is born. Congenital heart disease (CHD) affects 1 in 120 babies born in the United States, making heart defects the most common birth defects.

Ushbu maqola Microsoft xizmatlarining ta’lim sohasidagi o‘rni va ularning ta’lim jarayonini innovatsion yondashuvlar bilan boyitishdagi ahamiyatini tahlil qiladi. Microsoft Office 365, Teams, Azure, Minecraft: Education Edition va boshqa vositalar o‘qituvchilar va o‘quvchilar o‘rtasidagi samarali muloqotni ta’minlab, raqamli texnologiyalar orqali ta’lim jarayonini boyitadi. Shuningdek, maqolada ushbu xizmatlarning amaliy foydalanish misollari keltirilib, kelajakdagi istiqbollari yoritiladi.

Ushbu maqola Microsoft xizmatlarining ta’lim sohasidagi o‘rni va ularning ta’lim jarayonini innovatsion yondashuvlar bilan boyitishdagi ahamiyatini tahlil qiladi. Microsoft Office 365, Teams, Azure, Minecraft: Education Edition va boshqa vositalar o‘qituvchilar va o‘quvchilar o‘rtasidagi samarali muloqotni ta’minlab, raqamli texnologiyalar orqali ta’lim jarayonini boyitadi. Shuningdek, maqolada ushbu xizmatlarning amaliy foydalanish misollari keltirilib, kelajakdagi istiqbollari yoritiladi.

This article explores the significance of health and medicine vocabulary in language learning, addressing common challenges faced by learners and proposing effective strategies to overcome them. It emphasizes the importance of integrating specialized vocabulary into language curricula and offers practical advice for educators and learners.

This article explores the significance of health and medicine vocabulary in language learning, addressing common challenges faced by learners and proposing effective strategies to overcome them. It emphasizes the importance of integrating specialized vocabulary into language curricula and offers practical advice for educators and learners.

The attainment of independence by the Republic of Uzbekistan, as in all spheres, ushered in a new era for the rational and truthful study of our national art and traditions. The second half of the 19th century marked a unique stage in the history of the peoples of Turkestan. During this period, a number of important socio-political and cultural events took place. Particularly significant changes occurred in the socio-political and cultural life. Political changes, as in all sectors, had a considerable impact on national art and traditions. When analyzing the changes that occurred in cultural life, we encounter both positive and negative aspects. For example, in the period before the Russian invasion, Uzbek theater possessed a rich artistic heritage of large and small performances, its own traditions, unique artistic and aesthetic principles, a diverse repertoire, and talented actors and mentors.

The attainment of independence by the Republic of Uzbekistan, as in all spheres, ushered in a new era for the rational and truthful study of our national art and traditions. The second half of the 19th century marked a unique stage in the history of the peoples of Turkestan. During this period, a number of important socio-political and cultural events took place. Particularly significant changes occurred in the socio-political and cultural life. Political changes, as in all sectors, had a considerable impact on national art and traditions. When analyzing the changes that occurred in cultural life, we encounter both positive and negative aspects. For example, in the period before the Russian invasion, Uzbek theater possessed a rich artistic heritage of large and small performances, its own traditions, unique artistic and aesthetic principles, a diverse repertoire, and talented actors and mentors.

This paper investigates the efficacy of TBLT in improving speaking fluency through a range of communicative tasks. These tasks include collaborative projects, group discussions, and role-plays, which mimic real-world language use. The findings contribute to understanding how structured task design impacts learners' confidence and fluency over time.

This paper investigates the efficacy of TBLT in improving speaking fluency through a range of communicative tasks. These tasks include collaborative projects, group discussions, and role-plays, which mimic real-world language use. The findings contribute to understanding how structured task design impacts learners' confidence and fluency over time.

Irony is a complex linguistic phenomenon that conveys meanings contrary to the literal interpretation, relying on contextual and cultural cues for its comprehension. This study investigates the construction, interpretation, and cultural variability of irony, with a focus on its adaptation in digital communication. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including discourse analysis, surveys, and experimental tasks involving native, non-native, and bilingual speakers across diverse cultural contexts. The findings reveal that irony is context-dependent, shaped by cultural norms, and increasingly multimodal in digital settings. Native speakers exhibited higher proficiency in identifying irony compared to non-native and bilingual speakers, who faced challenges due to limited cultural familiarity. Additionally, cultural differences were evident, with Western participants associating irony with humor and Eastern participants linking it to polite criticism. The study underscores the dynamic nature of irony and its implications for linguistic theory, second language acquisition, and intercultural communication. Future research should further explore its role in multilingual, developmental, and digital contexts.

Irony is a complex linguistic phenomenon that conveys meanings contrary to the literal interpretation, relying on contextual and cultural cues for its comprehension. This study investigates the construction, interpretation, and cultural variability of irony, with a focus on its adaptation in digital communication. A mixed-methods approach was employed, including discourse analysis, surveys, and experimental tasks involving native, non-native, and bilingual speakers across diverse cultural contexts. The findings reveal that irony is context-dependent, shaped by cultural norms, and increasingly multimodal in digital settings. Native speakers exhibited higher proficiency in identifying irony compared to non-native and bilingual speakers, who faced challenges due to limited cultural familiarity. Additionally, cultural differences were evident, with Western participants associating irony with humor and Eastern participants linking it to polite criticism. The study underscores the dynamic nature of irony and its implications for linguistic theory, second language acquisition, and intercultural communication. Future research should further explore its role in multilingual, developmental, and digital contexts.

Zamonaviy ta'limda o'qitish sifatini oshirish va o'quvchilarning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish uchun innovatsion jarayonlarni birlashtirishni talab qiladi. Ushbu innovatsion jarayonlarni samarali boshqarish yangi ta'lim talablariga moslashish va maktablarning yuqori sifatli ta'lim muhitini ta'minlashi uchun juda muhimdir. Ular ta’lim tizimining rivojlanishiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan turli tashabbus va innovatsiyalarga asoslanadi va butun ko'p madaniyatli ta'lim makonini takomillashtirishni ta'minlash bo'yicha mavjud tadqiqotlar tahlili asosida muammo "yangilik", "asosiy yangilik", "innovatsiya" tushunchalarining xususiyatlarini aniqlaydi.

Zamonaviy ta'limda o'qitish sifatini oshirish va o'quvchilarning ijodiy qobiliyatlarini rivojlantirish uchun innovatsion jarayonlarni birlashtirishni talab qiladi. Ushbu innovatsion jarayonlarni samarali boshqarish yangi ta'lim talablariga moslashish va maktablarning yuqori sifatli ta'lim muhitini ta'minlashi uchun juda muhimdir. Ular ta’lim tizimining rivojlanishiga ijobiy ta’sir ko‘rsatadigan turli tashabbus va innovatsiyalarga asoslanadi va butun ko'p madaniyatli ta'lim makonini takomillashtirishni ta'minlash bo'yicha mavjud tadqiqotlar tahlili asosida muammo "yangilik", "asosiy yangilik", "innovatsiya" tushunchalarining xususiyatlarini aniqlaydi.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the issues related to updating and modernizing educational curricula. The incorporation of innovation and modern technologies into the education system plays a crucial role in improving the quality of education. The article examines new methodologies, innovative technologies, challenges arising during the modernization of curricula, and ways to address them. Additionally, it presents practical research and examples that highlight effective approaches to enhancing the efficiency of educational programs.

This article provides an in-depth analysis of the issues related to updating and modernizing educational curricula. The incorporation of innovation and modern technologies into the education system plays a crucial role in improving the quality of education. The article examines new methodologies, innovative technologies, challenges arising during the modernization of curricula, and ways to address them. Additionally, it presents practical research and examples that highlight effective approaches to enhancing the efficiency of educational programs.

Fixed-term labor contracts have become increasingly prevalent in modern labor markets due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. However, their misuse and the challenges they pose to worker security demand innovative regulatory approaches. This article explores emerging models of regulation for fixed-term labor contracts, focusing on balancing employer flexibility with worker protection. It examines best practices from various jurisdictions, proposes novel regulatory frameworks, and discusses the implications of these models for labor markets, social equity, and economic growth.

Fixed-term labor contracts have become increasingly prevalent in modern labor markets due to their flexibility and cost-effectiveness. However, their misuse and the challenges they pose to worker security demand innovative regulatory approaches. This article explores emerging models of regulation for fixed-term labor contracts, focusing on balancing employer flexibility with worker protection. It examines best practices from various jurisdictions, proposes novel regulatory frameworks, and discusses the implications of these models for labor markets, social equity, and economic growth.

This research examines the role of education in addressing the gender gap in unemployment in Uzbekistan. Gender disparities in the labor market persist, with women often facing greater challenges in securing employment, despite increasing educational attainment. The study focuses on how different levels of education, including primary, secondary, and vocational education, impact the employment rates of men and women in Uzbekistan. It explores the barriers that hinder women’s participation in the labor force, including cultural norms, lack of access to vocational training, and limited opportunities in high-growth sectors. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of vocational training programs designed to equip women with market-relevant skills and reduce unemployment disparities. The findings indicate that while educational advancements are crucial, targeted policies, improved vocational training, and gender-sensitive labor market reforms are necessary to ensure that women can fully benefit from education in terms of employment opportunities.

This research examines the role of education in addressing the gender gap in unemployment in Uzbekistan. Gender disparities in the labor market persist, with women often facing greater challenges in securing employment, despite increasing educational attainment. The study focuses on how different levels of education, including primary, secondary, and vocational education, impact the employment rates of men and women in Uzbekistan. It explores the barriers that hinder women’s participation in the labor force, including cultural norms, lack of access to vocational training, and limited opportunities in high-growth sectors. The research also evaluates the effectiveness of vocational training programs designed to equip women with market-relevant skills and reduce unemployment disparities. The findings indicate that while educational advancements are crucial, targeted policies, improved vocational training, and gender-sensitive labor market reforms are necessary to ensure that women can fully benefit from education in terms of employment opportunities.

This paper examines the impact of global financial integration on banking stability, highlighting the interconnectedness of financial markets and the associated vulnerabilities. We explore how financial integration enhances economic growth opportunities while simultaneously increasing exposure to global financial shocks. The study discusses the advantages of integration, such as access to global capital markets and improved liquidity, but also outlines the risks of contagion and financial instability. Using empirical analysis, the paper investigates the relationship between capital flows, exchange rate volatility, and banking stability, comparing developed and emerging markets. The findings underscore the importance of coordinated policy responses to mitigate risks and ensure long-term banking stability. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for effective management of financial integration to balance its benefits with the potential challenges it poses to banking systems worldwide.

This paper examines the impact of global financial integration on banking stability, highlighting the interconnectedness of financial markets and the associated vulnerabilities. We explore how financial integration enhances economic growth opportunities while simultaneously increasing exposure to global financial shocks. The study discusses the advantages of integration, such as access to global capital markets and improved liquidity, but also outlines the risks of contagion and financial instability. Using empirical analysis, the paper investigates the relationship between capital flows, exchange rate volatility, and banking stability, comparing developed and emerging markets. The findings underscore the importance of coordinated policy responses to mitigate risks and ensure long-term banking stability. The paper concludes by emphasizing the need for effective management of financial integration to balance its benefits with the potential challenges it poses to banking systems worldwide.

The development of a green economy in Uzbekistan represents a critical step towards sustainable growth and environmental conservation. This article examines the key stages of Uzbekistan's transition, including policy formulation, renewable energy implementation, green agriculture promotion, and sustainable urban development. By leveraging innovative technologies and international cooperation, Uzbekistan is positioning itself as a regional leader in green economy development.

The development of a green economy in Uzbekistan represents a critical step towards sustainable growth and environmental conservation. This article examines the key stages of Uzbekistan's transition, including policy formulation, renewable energy implementation, green agriculture promotion, and sustainable urban development. By leveraging innovative technologies and international cooperation, Uzbekistan is positioning itself as a regional leader in green economy development.

“Дин” сўзи араб тилидан “ҳисоб”, “жазо”, “мукофот” деган маъноларни билдиради . “Илм” сўзи эса араб тилидан “бир нарсани бошқасидан ажратиб турадиган белгиси” маъносини англатади . Ислом дини буйруқ майлидаги “Иқроъ” – “Ўқи!”, “Қироат қил!” маъносидаги сўзлар билан бошлангандир. Унинг илоҳий, мўжизаси “Қуръон”, яъни “ўқиш” ёки “ўқилмиш” деб номаланишида ҳам катта маъно бор, “Бу дин илмга, маърифатга асосланган диндир, бу Калом илмга, маърифатга асосланган Каломдир” деган маъно бор бунда .

“Дин” сўзи араб тилидан “ҳисоб”, “жазо”, “мукофот” деган маъноларни билдиради . “Илм” сўзи эса араб тилидан “бир нарсани бошқасидан ажратиб турадиган белгиси” маъносини англатади . Ислом дини буйруқ майлидаги “Иқроъ” – “Ўқи!”, “Қироат қил!” маъносидаги сўзлар билан бошлангандир. Унинг илоҳий, мўжизаси “Қуръон”, яъни “ўқиш” ёки “ўқилмиш” деб номаланишида ҳам катта маъно бор, “Бу дин илмга, маърифатга асосланган диндир, бу Калом илмга, маърифатга асосланган Каломдир” деган маъно бор бунда .

The article analyzes the system of working with young people, the processes of their political socialization, the role of education and upbringing in these processes, in the republican and international context.

The article analyzes the system of working with young people, the processes of their political socialization, the role of education and upbringing in these processes, in the republican and international context.

Mazkur maqola subyektiv baho va modallik tushunchalarini lingvistik va pragmatik jihatdan o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot davomida ushbu ikki kategoriya o‘rtasidagi asosiy farqlar, o‘xshashliklar va ular tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni batafsil tahlil qilindi. Subyektiv baho gaplovchining voqelikka bo‘lgan individual munosabatini ifodalasa, modallik esa voqelikning ehtimollik, zarurat yoki imkoniya kabi aspektlarini aks ettiradi. Maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillarida subyektiv baho va modallikning semantik va pragmatik xususiyatlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinib, ularning kommunikativ vazifalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari lingvistik tahlilda yangi nazariy va amaliy imkoniyatlarni ochib berishi mumkin.

Mazkur maqola subyektiv baho va modallik tushunchalarini lingvistik va pragmatik jihatdan o‘rganishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqot davomida ushbu ikki kategoriya o‘rtasidagi asosiy farqlar, o‘xshashliklar va ular tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni batafsil tahlil qilindi. Subyektiv baho gaplovchining voqelikka bo‘lgan individual munosabatini ifodalasa, modallik esa voqelikning ehtimollik, zarurat yoki imkoniya kabi aspektlarini aks ettiradi. Maqolada o‘zbek va ingliz tillarida subyektiv baho va modallikning semantik va pragmatik xususiyatlari qiyosiy tahlil qilinib, ularning kommunikativ vazifalari yoritilgan. Tadqiqot natijalari lingvistik tahlilda yangi nazariy va amaliy imkoniyatlarni ochib berishi mumkin.

This article discusses the theoretical foundations of using CLIL technology in the educational process. The CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) technology allows for a comprehensive study of both English language and the content being learned. Such technologies enhance the learner's interest, as well as their enthusiasm for acquiring and learning new information. Based on the CLIL teaching technology, students develop communicative competencies in an expanded and integrated manner. It implements dual objectives of mastering the planned topic simultaneously in both English and the native language.

This article discusses the theoretical foundations of using CLIL technology in the educational process. The CLIL (Content and Language Integrated Learning) technology allows for a comprehensive study of both English language and the content being learned. Such technologies enhance the learner's interest, as well as their enthusiasm for acquiring and learning new information. Based on the CLIL teaching technology, students develop communicative competencies in an expanded and integrated manner. It implements dual objectives of mastering the planned topic simultaneously in both English and the native language.

Sanoat robotlarini boshqarish tizimi ko'rgazmali quti, kompyuter, eksa kontrolleri, sensorlar, ulanish portlari va yordamchi uskunalarni o'z ichiga olgan bir qator komponentlardan iborat. Robot boshqaruv tizimining boshqaruv kompyuteri asosan mikroprotsessorlar va mikrokompyuterlardan iborat bo'lib, boshqaruv kompyuteri asosan keng qamrovli buyruq rolini o'ynaydi. Namoyish qutisi protsessor va mustaqil saqlash bloki bilan jihozlangan. Ilovaning asosiy vazifasi bir qator parametrlarni o'rnatish va ularni inson va kompyuter o'zaro ta'siri asosida namoyish qilishdir. Asosiy sensor ilovalari turli ma'lumotlarni aniqlash va sanoat robotini boshqarish uchun ishlatiladigan sensorli, vizual va kuch sensorlari. Eksa kontrollerlari yuqori qiymatga ega va robotning tezligini, shuningdek, turli xil ish ketma-ketligini boshqarish uchun ishlatiladi.

Sanoat robotlarini boshqarish tizimi ko'rgazmali quti, kompyuter, eksa kontrolleri, sensorlar, ulanish portlari va yordamchi uskunalarni o'z ichiga olgan bir qator komponentlardan iborat. Robot boshqaruv tizimining boshqaruv kompyuteri asosan mikroprotsessorlar va mikrokompyuterlardan iborat bo'lib, boshqaruv kompyuteri asosan keng qamrovli buyruq rolini o'ynaydi. Namoyish qutisi protsessor va mustaqil saqlash bloki bilan jihozlangan. Ilovaning asosiy vazifasi bir qator parametrlarni o'rnatish va ularni inson va kompyuter o'zaro ta'siri asosida namoyish qilishdir. Asosiy sensor ilovalari turli ma'lumotlarni aniqlash va sanoat robotini boshqarish uchun ishlatiladigan sensorli, vizual va kuch sensorlari. Eksa kontrollerlari yuqori qiymatga ega va robotning tezligini, shuningdek, turli xil ish ketma-ketligini boshqarish uchun ishlatiladi.

This article discusses the development of ways to achieve effectiveness in teaching gifted students in fine arts in secondary schools and its application in the educational process.

This article discusses the development of ways to achieve effectiveness in teaching gifted students in fine arts in secondary schools and its application in the educational process.

The translation of culturally dense units, such as paremioligical units present significant challenges for machine translation (MT) systems, especially when dealing with under-resourced languages like Uzbek and Karakalpak. Paremioligical units including proverbs, idiomatic expressions, and metaphorical phrases are deeply embedded in the cultural fabric of their source communities. Current AI-driven translation tools often struggle to capture the subtle cultural, historical, and contextual meanings inherent in these expressions. This article evaluates the effectiveness of contemporary MT approaches in rendering Uzbek and Karakalpak paremioligical units into English, highlighting their shortcomings and lead to culturally inadequacy or misleading outputs. Drawing on regionally sourced corpora and scholarly works, it also proposes a hybrid workflow that combines machine-driven efficiency with human cultural and linguistic expertise. By examining diverse strategies and methodologies. This study aims at contributing to the ongoing discourse on improving translation quality and cultural fidelity in the context of under-resourced languages.

Ushbu tezisda biologiya o’qitishning hozirgi davrdagi samaradorligini oshirish, didaktikasi, vazifalari, uzviyligi, ilmiy-tadqiqot metodlari haqida fikr va mulohazalar yuritilgan.

This research paper presents the current state of improving pedagogical skills and preparing a teacher for practical aspects in the system of moral education of a student, characterized by the presence of significant theoretical gaps.

Mamlakatimizda xotin-qizlarning jamiyatdagi rolini oshirish masalalari davlat siyosati darajasiga kо‘tarildi. Bugun har qaysi sohaga e’tibor qaratmang u yerda teng nufuzga ega holda mehnat qilayotgan ayollarni kо‘ramiz. Mazkur maqolada mamlakatimizda xotin-qizlarning mehnat huquqini kafolatlash va ayollarni qo‘llab-quvvatlash bo‘yicha amalga oshirilayotgan chora tadbirlar haqida so‘z yuritilgan.

Respublikada faoliyat yurituvchi oliy ta’lim muassasalaridagi magistratura mutaxassisliklari soni kundan kunga ortmoqda. Lekin, mavjud bo‘lgan birorta axborot tizimi magistratura ta’limi o‘quv faoliyati davomida magistr va magistrantlar to‘g‘risidagi kerakli ma’lumotlarni kerakli vaqtda online yig‘ish hamda ta’lim oluvchilarning ilmiy nashrlarini kalendar ish rejasida belgilangan tartibda yuklab borish vazifalarini hal qilmagan. Natijada fakultet dekani, kafedra mudiri va ilmiy rahbar tomonidan magistrant haqidagi o‘quv faoliyatiga doir ma’lumotlarni online kuzatish, tahlil qilish va nazorat qilib borish jarayonlarida ortiqcha qog‘ozbozlik va vaqt sarflanishiga olib kelmoqda. Bu esa ushbu ta’lim jarayonlarida ishtirok etuvchi shaxslarning mehnat unumdorligiga salbiy ta’sir ko‘rsatmoqda.

Ushbu tezis O‘zbekiston Respublikasi Konstitutsiyasi va xalqaro inson huquqlari standartlari o‘rtasidagi muvofiqlikni tahlil qiladi. Asosan, BMTning Inson Huquqlari Bo‘yicha Umumjahon Deklaratsiyasi va boshqa xalqaro hujjatlarda ko‘zda tutilgan asosiy inson huquqlarining milliy qonunchilikdagi aks etish darajasini o‘rganadi. Tadqiqot konstitutsiyaviy qoidalarning xalqaro me’yorlar bilan qanday muvofiqlashganligini, shuningdek, amaliyotdagi qo‘llanilishini va muammoli joylarini ko‘rib chiqadi. Natijada, O‘zbekistonning xalqaro huquq normalariga rioya qilishdagi yutuqlari va qiyinchiliklari tahlil qilinadi.

ХIХ аср Бухоро амирлигининг ижтимоий, иқтисодий ва сиёсий ҳаётида муҳим ўрин тутган манғит ҳукмдорларидан бири Амир Ҳайдардир. У 1778 йил Бухоро шаҳрида туғилган. Амир Ҳайдарнинг отаси Дониёлбий оталиқнинг ўғли Амир Шоҳмурод, онаси эса аштархоний ҳукмдор Абулфайзхоннинг қизи Бону Шамс бўлган . Демак, амир Ҳайдарнинг шажараси ота томонидан манғитлар сулоласига, она томонидан аштархонийларга бориб тақалади.

В данной статье подчеркивается, что содержательная сторона системы основана на текстах различных жанров, а организационная – на инновационной деятельности, и наш опыт показывает, что она будет интересна и эффективна для современных школьников. Для решения поставленных задач описывается организация деятельности учащихся на занятиях по литературному чтению с использованием системы учебных задач.

The article Exploring Collaborative Learning Strategies in ESL Classrooms examines how collaborative learning enhances language acquisition by promoting active student engagement, peer interaction, and critical thinking. It highlights strategies such as group discussions, peer teaching, and project-based learning that foster communication skills and cultural awareness. The author emphasizes the role of the teacher as a facilitator and discusses challenges like unequal participation and language barriers. Research findings demonstrate that collaborative learning improves vocabulary development, speaking fluency, and listening comprehension. The article concludes with recommendations for integrating these strategies effectively into ESL curricula to create supportive, interactive learning environments.

This thesis explores the profound impact of football terminology on Uzbek culture. Football, as a global phenomenon, not only influences sports but also leaves a lasting mark on language, cultural norms, and identity. Using examples from the Uzbek language and cultural practices, the thesis highlights how borrowed and adapted football terms enrich the Uzbek lexicon and shape societal interactions. The analysis includes historical, linguistic, and sociocultural perspectives, offering insights into the dynamic interplay between sports terminology and cultural identity.

HLA — Inson leykisitlari antigeni genetik tizimlar ichida juda  ko’p o’rganilgan tizim bo’lib, 6 xromosomaning qisqa yelkasida joylashgan.Inson organizmida  immune javobni shakllantirishda ishtirok etadi. HLA allellari va genotiplari ko’pgina millatlar va etnik guruhlarda o’rganilgan boʻlib har bir millatda oʻziga xos xususiyatlar bilan namoyon boʻladi.HLA tizimi organ va to’qimalarni ko’chirib o’tkazishda, o’zak hujayralarni ko’chirib o’tkazishda hamda  regenerativ tibbiyotda katta ahamiyatga egadir.

In the last decade of the 20th century, judo among girls became somewhat popular in Navoi region, as in many other regions of the republic. On March 12-15, 1996, the republican championship in judo among girls born in 1981-1983 was held in Samarkand.