В данной статье рассматривается новая область сравнительной лингвистики и культурологии, ее объем, объекты, цели и задачи. Это направление возникло между лингвокультурологией и сравнительной лингвистикой, которая сравнивает язык и культуру через призму родного языка. Определены основные принципы сопоставительных исследований и различные подходы к анализу - контрастивный и сравнительный. Подчеркивается, что сопоставительная лингвистика и культурология - это прикладные аспекты лингвокультурологии, имеющие хорошие перспективы развития. Разработка основ новой отрасли знания — лингвокультурологии, возникшей на стыке лингвистики и культурологии и исследующей проявления культуры народа, которые отразились и закрепились в языке. Показано, как культура формирует и организует мышление языковой личности, языковые категории и концепты, каким образом осуществляется одна из фундаментальных функций языка — быть орудием создания, развития, хранения и трансляции культуры. Лингвистика XXI в. активно разрабатывает направление, в котором язык рассматривается как культурный код нации, а не просто орудие коммуникации и познания. Фундаментальные основы такого подхода были заложены трудами В. Гумбольдта, А.А. Потебни и других ученых. Например, В. Гумбольдт утверждал: «Границы языка моей нации означают границы моего мировоззрения».
The cognitive approach to the notion of language means the world conceptions, being the product of human consciousness, which are expressed by the forms of language means, but the meanings of these forms are understood as the system of certain knowledge and notions, described by these linguistic signs. During the latest investigations, linguists state that cognitive approach to the linguistic study has been emphasized as a basis of figurative characterization of idioms used with colour terms in the compared languages stands just cognition. Thus, all the idioms are created as a result of cognitive processes directly influencing on the conceptualization of reality, peculiar to this language and culture. Conceptualization is the whole of information of figurative and non-literal meaning created in the process of cognition of the world. The article is focused on investigating idioms, formulated by colour adjective red in the compared languages. In order to achieve the goal, descriptive and comparative-diachronic method were used.
В настоящей статье, учитывая неослабевающий интерес исследователей к проблеме речевых жанров, особое внимание уделяется к речи, которая является основным средством, обеспечивающим живость, жизненность и содержательность языка. Понятие речевых жанров является особым лингвистическим объектом для тех, кто изучает язык как единицу речи и речевого общения Речевое общение обеспечивает общение между говорящим и слушающим и составляет центр речевой деятельности.
Teaching and learning are two basic processes underlying the activity of students and teachers nowadays. The learning process puts both parties toward each other,what it teaches, and what it takes, the teacher and the student. Today training students to teach themselves, and their education, equipping them with the skills of independent work with the most advanced methods of conscious, sustainable, active, and creative learning takes great importance. The purpose of this topic is to know the importance of usage of all skills during a lesson hour. The teacher is free to use a variety of methods and strategies for teaching and learning to suit the needs of students in different classes. He combines these methods during the learning process and adapts according to the increasing development of linguistic competence and independence of student development, the consistency of this process. Teaching has at its center the method of communication, task-based methods, functional methods, and situations as real life, etc. These methods are realized through various strategies and techniques, according to language skills (listening, speaking, reading, writing). Teachers and students collaborate on the organization of teaching and learning. To facilitate teaching/learning, the teacher finds efficient ways to organize communication activities and provides and suggests source materials for students. In contemporary teaching, the teacher does not only play the role of teacher but also plays the role of supervisor. Together they establish cooperative relations in the process of learning.The teacher clarifies the students and takes their understanding of what happens in the classroom. This means clarifying the rules of the line of work and the responsibilities of students in the process of activities. The teacher suggests and provides the use of audiovisual means, electronic, and helps students to use various forms of information technology within and outside the classroom. It gives students the website in accordance with their age and educational requirements. In teaching, an hour should be applied to all four language skills strategies, but they escalate from level to level depending on the objectives. Setting the students in the spotlight makes the student participate actively in linguistic interaction, preparing them for a new phase of their education or being able to face the demands of the labor market.