The purpose of the study was to determine and evaluate the features of morphological changes in the liver parenchyma of 5-month-old white outbred rats under the influence of anti inflammatory drugs under conditions of polypharmacy.
The object of study for experimental studies was taken 250 white male rats weighing 200-250 g.
The scientific novelty of the research is as follows: polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs negatively affects all parameters of liver structures. Under the influence of polypharmacy, there is a decrease in the absolute mass of the liver, volume and morphological parameters of the liver parenchyma. The decrease in morphometric parameters depends on the number of drugs in polypharmacy; under conditions of polypharmacy, the state of the hepatic capillaries and internal bile ducts, as well as biological membranes, was studied, as a result of which the structural structure of the liver, the development of destruction of the hepatic tissue were studied, and the morphofunctional foundations of this condition were shown.
Implementation of the research results. Based on the obtained scientific results, the morphofunctional characteristics of the liver of rats in the norm and under the influence of polypharmacy were determined:
Approved methodological recommendations: "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Conclusion No. 8n-r / 265 dated 14.03.2022 of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan) and "Methodology for determining the morphometric parameters of the liver during polypharmacy of anti-inflammatory drugs" (Uzbekistan, Conclusion of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022), electronic program No. DGU 1038 "Program for studying the comparative characteristics of morphological changes caused by polypharmacy in the liver."
The scientific results obtained in the study of morphological and functional properties and morphometric changes in the structure of the liver under the influence of polypharmacy have been introduced into the practice of the Samarkand branch of the Republican Specialized Oncological and Radiological Scientific and Practical Medical Center of the Samarkand City Medical Association (Order of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated March 14, 2022, 8n-r / 265-No. and conclusion No. 8 n-z 180 of 2022). The implementation of the obtained research data allows developing methods for early diagnosis, treatment and prediction of organopathology by morphological parameters, improving the quality of life and reducing the number of complications.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The structure of the dissertation consists of an introduction, three chapters, a conclusion and a list of references. The volume of the dissertation was 103 pages.
This article discusses the issues of rational safe pharmacotherapy in clinical practice, the need to take into account the age characteristics of the body when choosing medicines, accurate prediction of the effect of a particular drug on the developing and elderly body, the features of the use of medicines in young children, the use of "unlicensed" drugs and prescribing them not in accordance with theinstructions for their use, the proper use of medicines in accordance with clinical necessity., criteria for evaluating the rational use of medicines. When conducting drug therapy, the doctor should adhere to the principles of general patterns of prescribing drugs, and it is also necessary to apply an individual approach to each patient, taking into account age, gender, anamnesis, concomitant diseases, features of metabolism and hemodynamics
The aim of the research consists in development of offers and recommendations about further improvement of criminal-legal and criminological measures of fight against crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The object of the research work is the system of the public relations regulating criminal-legal, criminological and organizational measures for counteraction to crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety.
The scientific novelty of the research consists of the following:
the expediency of establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy at compliance with the law about protection of private life, ensuring protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of legal gaps is proved;
need of establishment of responsibility for infringement of personal privacy in article 1411 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan when ensuring criminal legal protection of personal privacy and inevitability of responsibility is proved;
for ensuring the principles of justice and humanity in the criminal legislation the expediency of awarding punishment in the form of restriction of freedom on the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies is proved;
high degree of public danger of some crimes (illegal activities for attraction of money and (or) other property (article 1881 of CK), production, storage, distribution or demonstration of the materials containing threat of public safety and to public order (article 2441 of CK)) committed with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is explained;
establishment of responsibility for bringing to suicide and inducement to suicide with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet is proved;
need of introduction of responsibility of the blogger for placement of public negative information of a certain look for the Internet is proved;
inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract, need of nondisclosure of the specified data are proved;
establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts is offered;
expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state are specified;
need of recognition of the actions exerting negative impact to life, health and morality of the personality, made with use of means of information technologies as socially dangerous act is offered.
Implementation of research results. The results of the study are used:
the proposal on establishment of administrative responsibility for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 461 of the Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan about the administrative liability entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). This change provides compliance with the law about personal privacy, protection of the rights of citizens and also completion of a legal gap in the legislation;
the proposal on establishment of criminal liability for violation of personal privacy has found the reflection in article 1411 of the Criminal code of the Republic of Uzbekistan entered by the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 23, 2016 No. ZRU-411 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from September 28, 2016, No. 06/1-05/1148-vkh). Establishment of criminal liability for commission of the act breaking personal privacy provides criminal legal protection of private life of the person and inevitability of responsibility;
offers on expediency of awarding punishments in the form of restriction of freedom concerning the persons who have committed crimes in the sphere of information technologies, have found the reflection in articles 2781-2786 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from August 10, 2015 No. ZRU-389 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer serves purpose of alternative punishment for crimes in the sphere of information technologies;
high degree of public danger of commission of some types of crimes with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet has found reflection in article 1881, the «g» point of third part of article 2441 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of April 25, 2016 No. ZRU-405 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). According to this offer criminal liability for use of information technologies in criminal intents has been established;
responsibility for bringing to suicide, the inducement to suicide made with use of networks of telecommunications and the Internet have been established in article 103 and 1031 Criminal Code of the Republic of Uzbekistan according to the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of June 13, 2017 No. ZRU-436 (the act of Committee on the legislation and the judicial-legal matters of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 06/1-05). This offer has served establishment of criminal liability for the information attacks encroaching on human life;
regulations on responsibility of the blogger for dissemination of public negative information of some look on the Internet are introduced in articles 3 and 121 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan from December 11, 2003 No. 560-II «About informatization» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves prevention of various crimes committed with use of the Internet;
offers on inadmissibility of use of personal data of the participants at implementation of electronic commerce for who aren't provided by the contract need of nondisclosure of the specified data have found the reflection in article 18 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 22, 2018 No. ZRU-385 «About electronic commerce» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer became a basis for the ban illegal use of personal data from participants of electronic commerce;
offers on establishment of the ban on distribution among children of the information justifying illegal behavior and promoting commission of offense, calling for promotion of the destructive ideas in society and also responsibility for the specified acts are introduced in article 16 of the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan of September 8, 2017 No. ZRU-444 «About protection of children from information doing harm to their health» (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer has served recognition of dissemination of information among children of information doing harm to their health as illegal behavior;
offers on improvement of criminal liability for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and safety have been used by preparation of analytical notes within the Concept of improvement of the criminal and criminal procedure legislation approved by the resolution of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan of May 14, 2018 No. PP-3723 (the act of Committee on questions of innovative development, information policy and information technologies of the Legislative Chamber of the Oliy Majlis of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018, No. 05/2-01-71). This offer serves a proving of inevitability of responsibility for crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on expediency of application of a method of «confidential dialogue» concerning the persons who have committed information crimes, need of implementation of inquiry, the investigation and preventive measures proceeding from their psychological state have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served increase in efficiency of prevention of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers on need of definition of external influence, level of competence and practical skills of employees, motives of offense when studying the reasons of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security and also conducting monitoring of social networks have been introduced in activity of the relevant structural divisions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan (the act of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of the Republic of Uzbekistan from July 2, 2018 No. 33/1985). This offer has served definition of the reasons and early warning of crimes in the sphere of information technologies and information security;
offers that the information security is object of criminal legal protection taking into account its direct connection with the state interests have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served protection of information security as object of criminal legal protection;
offers on need of implementation of complex measures from law enforcement agencies for ensuring information security at information security have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has provided orientation of activity of law enforcement agencies on information security;
offer that threats of information security exert essential harm to the interests of the personality, society and state information have found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03- 07-02/124). This offer has allowed to estimate high degree of public danger of information threats as a factor of commission of information crimes;
the rule about protection of the personality against illegal information influence taking into account that impact on consciousness of the personality with use of means of information technologies exerts negative impact on life, health and morality of the personality, has found the reflection in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About modification and additions in the Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan «About the principles and guarantees of freedom of information» (the act of the Center of information security and assistance in ensuring public order at the Ministry of information technology development and communications of the Republic of Uzbekistan from November 13, 2017 No. 03-07-02/124). This offer has served recognition of the specified actions as socially dangerous act.
Structure and volume of the dissertation. The thesis consists of an introduction, four chapters, a conclusion, a list of used literature and applications. The volume of the thesis is 260 pages.
The article is devoted to the study of the names of medicinal plants in the Uyghur language and the issue of lexico-semantic relations in them. The study of historical phytonomic-linguistic-semantic aspects and properties of the names of medicinal plants gives new information to the science of linguistics in the etymological, grammatical and lexical aspects. In the article, the author notes the scientific interest in the study of the names of
medicinal plants, while emphasizing the historicity of this process, as well as the particular importance of studying the names of medicinal plants in the current pandemic. The author
briefly outlines the essence of research carried out in this direction both at the world level
and in our republic, gives a description of the sources from which the names of medicinal
plants in the Uyghur language are taken. The article gives an interpretation of the names of
medicinal plants formed on the basis of one or more components and analyzes the lexical and
semantic features of such phrases.
Фармацевтическая промышленность производит десятки тысяч лекарственных препаратов, рациональное и безопасное применение которых является актуальной проблемой. Всемирная организация здравоохранения (ВОЗ) проводит
специальную программу мониторинга побочных действий лекарств. Во многих странах функционируют службы контроля безопасности лекарственных средств (ЛС). В нашей стране в 2006 году также создана группа по контролю побочных действий лекарственных препаратов (группа фармаконадзора при фармакологическом комитете М3 РУз). Однако врачи и фармацевтические работники не уделяют должного внимания безопасности лекарственной терапии. Возможно, это связано с трудностями своевременного познавания неблагоприятных побочных реакций и их коррекции
In the process of communication, non-verbal means, such as gestures, facial expressions, body movements, intonation, pauses, laughter, smiles, and eye gaze, are important in expressing human emotions. There are various examples of the high impact of any speech that occurs through non-verbal means, as well as the ability to solve many problems not only in linguistics, but also in other fields. In addition, the expression of paralinguistic means through verbal means in the artistic image was highlighted on the basis of examples
It has been established that in recent years the pharmaceutical market has been actively growing in our country: the number of registered medicines (drugs) and dosage forms is increasing, programs are being developed to increase the availability of medicines to the population. At the same time, the problem of an irrational approach to treatment, which is typical not only for Uzbekistan, is well known. According to the WHO, more than 50% of all drugs are prescribed or distributed irrationally, 50% of patients take drugs incorrectly, a third of the world's population does not have access to life-saving drugs, and up to 10% of all hospitalizations are associated with adverse drug reactions, most of which could be would prevent. In the world, 12 million people die a year, 7 million of them could have been saved with adequate therapy. According to the WHO program: "all people, wherever they were, could receive the drugs they need at the lowest cost: so that these drugs are safe and effective, and they are prescribed and used rationally."
Subject of the inquiry: steering wheel of self-driven energetic vehicle means.
Aim of the inquiry: the aim of this inquiry is to rise the stability of the motion and conducting of self-driven means by rational choice of transmission ratio of the steering wheel.
Methods of inquiry : the analytical and experimental research methods are used in the work based on methods of automatic regulation theory.
The results achieved and their novelty: the character of the influence of the transmission ratio quantity on the sensitiveness of the machines the control and stability of the motion are used
The mathematical models for calculation of parameters of the motion of selfdriven energetic means with hydro-huged characters of the steering wheel and the choice of mounting coordinates of carried out hydrocylinders are worked out.
Practical value: the recommendations on the choice of transmission ratio of steering wheel and mounting coordinates of carried-out hydrocylinders rising stability of the motion and improving conduction of self-driven energetic means are worked out.
Mathematical models allowing to realize rational choice of parameters of steering wheel on the stage of project are created.
Degree of embed and economic effectiveness: recommendations on the choice of the quantity of transmission ratio of steering wheel and calculated definition of rational parameters of mounting hydrocylinders of the wheel implement are accepted for the usage in SSC (GAO) "Tashkent Tractor Plant".
Sphere of usage: tractor and agricultural machine-building.
The paraphrases of the Uzbek language were studied for the first time in the article. Preliminary ideas about the types of paraphrases were also presented. To date, paraphrases have not been studied in a monograph, not only in Uzbek linguistics but also in all world linguistics, which is not a separate, special object of scientific research. Although paraphrases are actively used in our oral and written speech as one of the means of artistic imagery, they are one of the factors that show the richness of language, and the breadth of semantic possibilities. Paraphrases serve to make speech impressive, clear, logical, and unique. There are only a few articles in world linguistics that give a concise definition of paraphrases in dictionaries, along with comments, noting that paraphrases have their own characteristics within the means of artistic representation and should be studied separately. Consequently, the separate study of this figurative expression from a scientific and theoretical point of view, the elucidation of its nature, and the discovery of its essence are one of the issues to be addressed in today’s general linguistics, especially stylistics. The work is based on the achievements in the field of linguistics, the categories of dialectical philosophy: generality and specificity, cause and effect, possibility and reality, unity of form and content, clarity and abstraction. The problem of paraphrasing (figurative expression), which is one of the means of expression, which clearly shows the richness of any language, has not been the subject of separate research to date. But there are certain ideas about paraphrasing, albeit a little about its place in language and speech. Observations show that from a general linguistic point of view, the same term is used in invariants such as paraphrase, periphrase, periphrases, and it is noted that speech is one of the most effective means of expression. We found it necessary to use the term paraphrase in our article. Because, first of all, this term is widely used in general linguistics. That is, it is mentioned separately in monographs, manuals, textbooks and articles; secondly, and most importantly, the term paraphrase clearly defines the nature of the phenomenon under study. By the way, the part «para» in the term paraphrase means similar or contiguous, meaning a pair. It is well known that paraphrases in language arise as a result of a deeper study and knowledge of world events, and an increase in the ability of human thinking. The development of technology and science, the fact that the people who are the owners of the language, its creator, are in full contact with neighbouring countries, as a result of increased trade with them, also increase the number of paraphrases at the expense of words passed from one language to another. Therefore, we aimed to examine the paraphrases of language (languages) together with the historical society - its history, in connection with the development of the people.