This paper investigates the historical geography of Tashkent oasis in IX century, and based on the data about the location and different stages of cities’ development in the work of “Kitab surat al-ard” by Kharezmi. The map of “Kitab surat al-ard” in Central Asia, in particular, in the terms of historical geography of the region of ash-Shash. This work by al-Kharezmi was the first one among medieval geographical works, moreover, it is the one of the most ancient information about the location of the region of ash-Shash.
Интерпретация «мани» и описание «ахли Маони» в творчестве Алишера Навои
The article analyzes the use and artistic interpretation of the terms «mani» («meaning») and «ahli maoniy» («people of enlightenment») in the work of Alisher Navoi. In the works of the great thinker, the interpretation of these concepts was studied on the basis of the following classification: 1) the expression of ideas that reveal the essence of the terms «meaning»; 2) a high level of educated people and their views, which could be a criterion for the life of society and the artistic and aesthetic thinking of the nation; 3) a description of predecessors and contemporaries belonging to people of enlightenment; 4) the question of the relationship between people of education and people of appearance. These concepts are valuable in terms of allowing a deeper understanding of the inner essence, mystical and aesthetic content of Alisher Navoi’s works. Examining the great thinker’s lyrical poems and «Khamsa» epics in the context of «mani» and «ahli maoni» terms is of particular importance in discovering new aspects of their meaning. In the article, Navoi’s works are analyzed based on the same concepts for the first time. This article is a scientific problem was investigated on the example of Alisher Navoi’s sofa «Badoy-ul-Bidoy», the kulliyat «Khazoyin-ul-Maoniy», dastans «Khamsa», the nameskir (ontology) «Majolis-un-nafois», the works of «Lison-ut-tayr”, “Muhokamat-ul-lughatain”, “Mahbub-ul-kulub”, “Hamsat-ul-mutahayyirin”, “Nasoyim-ul-muhabbat”, “Holoti Sayyid Hasan Ardasher”. If necessary, the views of Alisher Navoi are compared with those of his great predecessor Nizami Ganjavi. The works of Davlatshah Samarkandi “Tazkirat-ush-shuaro”, Dehhudo “Lugatnoma”, Giyosiddin Khandamir “Makorim-ul-ahlok” were used to substantiate scientific views in the analysis process. As a result of the study, it was found that the term «meaning» in the work of Alisher Navoi contradicts «appearance (appearance, appearance)» and expresses the inner essence, not the external content, and the concept of «enlightenment» means the science of knowledge, which is the basis of artistic expression. It is concluded that the combination «ahli maoniy» (people of enlightenment) represents a broader essence, which is interpreted under the meaning of people of truth and enlightenment, meaning «Haq», that is, Allah in a figurative sense and is a concept associated with the concept of the great poet’s work.
Learning a foreign language always entails learning a second culture to some degree, even
if you never actually set foot in the foreign country where the language is spoken. Language and culture are bound up with each other and interrelated. People don’t exist in a vacuum any
more than club members exist without a club.
They’re part of some framework: a family, a community, a country, a set of traditions, a storehouse of knowledge, or a way of looking at
the universe. In short, every person is part of a
culture,everyone uses a language to express that
culture, to operate within that tradition, and to categorize the universe.
This article explores the deep philosophical content of the "Persian Letters" by Charles Louis Montesquieu, one of the first representatives of the French Enlightenment, in which the Persian view allows a two-sided approach, which means that the reflection of the realities of the French is uniquely repeated in the Persians.Montesquieu's Persian view of the political system in which a person lives, and vice versa, remote observation of society's attitude towards a person is analyzed through the genre of a parable, decentralized
observation, characteristic view, humorous critical views. The article deals with the problem of cultural barriers as a communicative activity of
representatives of two different cultural associations, emphasizing the importance of cultural factors in the translation process and the translation of cultures, not languages, according to the cultural and ethnographic concept of translation. In the text of the translation, the
specificity of the interaction of language and culture is reflected in the diversity of the “worldview”. One of the main criteria for literary translation is the preservation of the individual style of the author of the work. From the point of view of translation standards, it is natural that the translator has difficulty in understanding a fragment of a literary text. From this point of view, it is difficult to achieve an adequate translation without a reflective understanding of the content of the original in the translation of a philosophical work that differs in style and period of writing. The importance of observing the functional and
methodological norms of the content of the text in order to achieve the adequacy of the stylistic figures used in the work to the target language is investigated.
This article investigates some issues of analyzing the future in the works of Central Asian thinkers. Therefore, the ideas which disclose huge practical value in rich scientific heritage of Oriental thinkers are expressed in the article and can form a methodological basis for the solution of urgent tasks in scientific research.
The article presents the results of an experiment to study the effect of surfactant concentration and type on foam formation in clay suspensions. As a result of the study, it was found that the addition of surfactants to the system leads to an increase in the volume of foam, and the most significant effect is observed when using surfactants of the type OP-10. With an increase in the concentration of surfactants to a specific value (0.3%), a sharp increase in the height of the foam is observed; however, a further increase in the concentration does not have a significant effect on the
amount of the formed foam. The study also showed that the height of the foam in the system with surfactant type OP-10 is higher than in the system with surfactant type GKJ-11, which indicates greater foam adsorption at the liquid-air interface. The study of the surface tension of surfactant solutions showed that the surfactant type OP-10 has more significant properties of the surfactant than the surfactant type GKJ-11. These results may be useful to improve the foaming in slurry drilling fluids using various types and concentrations of surfactants.
It is shown the results of the investigation on the new methods of noninvasing diagnosing of Ischemic Heart disease in this paper. This method is based on analyzes of expirating air. The results of investigation showed the possibility of the surface ionizating detector in diagnosis of Ischemic Heart disease. It was revealed the statisticly importance of difference in containing the amines in expirating air of patients ill w ith Ischemic Heart disease and healthy people. The advantage of this method concludes whole harmless, expressive ness and canceling the operative intervention and possibilities of mass testing, and cheap price of observation. The difference in eliminating the amines with expirating air can be stable marker for early diagnosing of the preinfarctive state
Рассмотрены вопросы измерения прочности бетона методом поверхностного прозвучивания ультразвуком. Приведены модель измерения и формулы для оценки суммарной стандартной неопределенности измерения.
It is known from history that two fraternal peoples are connected by one language, the sacred Islamic religion, traditions and customs, and the invaluable heritage of great figures. Even when there is no border between the two countries, it is well known that the great representatives of our people have created a great heritage of culture, history and science in the territory of modern Afghanistan and this heritage is a common property. In this sense, a new page of relations between two countries is now emerging. The nearly half-century war in Afghanistan indicates that this land has become the heartland of world politics ever since. Afghanistan remains a main point in the field of competition for the geopolitical maneuvers of the region and its conflicting interests. Nowadays, this is the result of geopolitical struggle in which there are different views on achieving peace in the Afghan land. However, it should be noted that Uzbekistan has some of the most current approaches and its pragmatic and constructive views on the peace process in Afghanistan that differ from other powers. Uzbekistan is a only country bordered all Central Asian states as well as Afghanistan. Such a geostrategic axiom will lead to the recognition of Uzbekistan’s role in the Afghan peace process. This article analyzes the political, trade, economic, cultural and humanitarian relations of modern Uzbekistan and Afghanistan and their features. In particular, the article shows relations with the government of Afghanistan, Tashkent International Conference on Afghanistan, negotiations with the leadership of the Taliban political office, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Heart” railroad, “Termiz cargo” international export logistics center, “Mazar-e-Sharif-Kabul-Peshawar” railroad, “Surkhan-Puli Khumri” power plant, “Uzbekistan-Afghanistan” Friendship Society, Training Center for Afghan Citizens, International Scientific Conference on Afghanistan and other many practical works.
It is known that Uzbekistan is a multi-ethnic country. Today, representatives of 136 nationalities and peoples live in our country. There are also 16 religious denominations. Representatives of each nation, each denomination have their own values. Harmonizing and protecting the interests of all of them is a rather complicated task.
The role and place of public diplomacy in international relations, peace and stability, and the strengthening of mutual relations among nations are constantly increasing in the context of globalization. People's diplomacy plays an important role in shaping friendly relations between Uzbekistan and the international community with political, diplomatic and economic ties. In the development of public diplomacy, scientists, science and culture representatives, educational institutions, public and religious organizations, as well as public associations founded by fellow citizens, play a key role in the development of public diplomacy. The article aims to provide a systematic illustration of the history of cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with Germany within the framework of public diplomacy. It follows from the following tasks: The Role of Public Diplomacy in Foreign Policy of Uzbekistan; Opening of the main directions of the German cooperation in the field of public diplomacy; The role of societies in the cooperation of the Republic of Uzbekistan with public diplomacy with Germany. The research has been used in the analysis, synthesis, history, logic research ways. The external mining partnership, formed in connection with public diplomacy, has given its results in the short run. In 1992, the Ministry of Culture of the Republic of Uzbekistan received 36 representatives from 9 countries (England, Germany, Israel, India, Malaysia, Turkey, USA, France and JAR). In 1993, about 160 countries recognized the independence of Uzbekistan and established diplomatic relations with 60 countries. In 1993, The First President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Islam Karimov visited Germany, France, England, the Netherlands, Japan and India. As a result of the visit, an agreement on cultural cooperation was signed with India, Turkey, Germany, France, Great Britain and China. The development of public diplomacy has played a significant role in the Uzbek Culture Days in Germany and the German Cultural Days in Uzbekistan. At the same time, the role of art and theater days in the countries in the development of cooperation between two countries in the sphere of culture was particularly significant. The role of friendship societies and cultural centers in the development of bilateral relations between two states in Eurasia – Germany and Uzbekistan is immense. The role of "Uzbekistan-Germany" Friendship Society and "Germany-Uzbekistan" societies, which unite representatives of two nations in the development of cooperation within the framework of people diplomacy are unique.