Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Bronchial asthma (BA) is one of the most common and serious diseases, which in the world suffer from 3 to 12% of the child population of the globe. Proportion of adolescents with asthma, is one third of all children with this disease. High prevalence of asthma in the numbers of teenagers, characteristics of the disease, age-related aspects of the functioning of the endocrine and immune systems of teenagers that cause difficulties which arise in the course of the diagnostic process, highlight the need to find innovative approaches to diagnosis and treatment of this disease.
It is known that the key immune mechanisms in the pathogenesis of the vast majority of AD cases is real and indisputable fact. Currently, considerable interest to researchers involved in the pathogenesis of positions of allergic diseases, especially asthma, along with IL-4 and IL-13 causes a number of other (IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-5, INF-a and INF-y) immunoregulatory cytokines.
Genetic predisposition plays an important role in the development of allergic diseases. Currently available data on the relationship with asthma and associated with disease symptoms polymorphism approximately 150 genes. Important role as the main contender for the predisposition to asthma gene is a gene encoding flchain of high affinity receptor IgE. Interaction elevated levels of antigen-specific IgE with FceRip plays a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic asthma. Particularly attractive candidate gene asthma is also one of the enzyme genes biotransformation - GSTirl, encoding glutathione S-transferase and л1 express almost exclusively in the pulmonary tissue. This gene is located at the locus 11 ql 3, for which repeatedly shown clutch with atopic symptoms. Accumulated in the literature say about the relationship of gene polymorphism FceRI, GSTnl with different allergic diseases.
From this perspective, the study of immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of this disease for the construction of rational treatment and prevention emphasizes the relevance of this thesis research.
From the earliest days of independence, the country has successfully implemented state programs aimed at reforming the health care system. As a result, the targeted implementation of organizational health and research activities aimed at effective diagnosis, prevention and treatment of asthma among adolescents, with some success in the treatment of this disease in the country. However, now the problem of early diagnosis and the development of effective programs for treatment and prevention among adolescents with asthma remain one of the most important issues of modern health care. This research work was carried out in the framework of the tasks set by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On additional measures to improve the health of women and the younger generation," dated 25.01.2002 for the №32. In this regard, the need to deepen the information received about the state of cellular and humoral immunity among adolescents, asking pathogenetic informative immunogcnctic studies in asthma arc one of the important criteria demand the dissertation topic.
Purpose of research is study the immunological and genetic mechanisms of the pathogenesis of asthma in adolescents and form the basis of this plan rational diagnostic and therapeutic measures in this pathology.
In To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved:
to establish the clinical course of asthma in the population of adolescents living in the Samarkand region, in the early stages of the pathological process in the bronchopulmonary system.
explore the features of the state of cellular and humoral immunity, as well as activation markers in asthma in adolescence by determining the immunophenotype of lymphocytes in the peripheral blood.
to examine the level of production of immunorcgulatory cytokine interleukin-6 and interfcron-y and install them pathogenetic informative in asthma among adolescents.
to determine the features of distribution of allele and genotype frequencies of polymorphic variants of genes and FceRip GSTnl population Uzbek people with asthma, compared with the healthy part of the population.
examine the clinical and immunological aspects effectiveness of therapies using drugs and polioksidony tsikloferon in patients with asthma in adolescence.
on the basis of studies to develop a multivariate model of formation of bronchial asthma and develop an optimal algorithm for the diagnosis, treatment, prevention in adolescents with this pathological condition.
Scientific novelty of dissertational research consists in the following:
proposed introduction to the work of doctors teen clinics layered approach testing can significantly improve the detection rate of asthma in adolescence and optimize treatment and preventive measures in high-risk groups;
first defined the peculiar characteristics of the quantitative parameters of the immune status of patients with asthma in the cohort of adolescence and the corresponding proposed regulations and guidance documents for the healthy part of the adolescent population;
for the first time presents a comprehensive assessment of the cytokine profile of blood serum in bronchial asthma in adolescents. Specific features of products immunorcgulatory cytokines IL-6 and INF-y and their pathogenetic and regulatory information content in asthma among adolescents;
first analyzed the distribution of alleles and genotypes of polymorphic gene variants and gene FceRip GSTirl among patients with different phenotypic variants of AD and healthy individuals of Uzbek nationality, which resulted in the identified markers of increased risk or, conversely, resistance to the development of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity;
algorithms for phase diagnosis, treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescence in terms of disclosure of important moments of the pathogenesis of the disease, allowing to build a rational sequence of diagnostic search, aimed at verifying the diagnosis and expedient construction of preventive measures.
Conclusion
1. Set the frequency of occurrence of the disease and the structure of "asthma" in the arid zone among teens. Said pathology is recorded in 9,6% of the population surveyed adolescents, while the disease is more common among females. In the structure of the disease prevails periodical exposure and mild persistent form.
2. Identified by clinical features of asthma among adolescents living in the arid zone, indicate a high frequency of lesions of the bronchial tree association with allergic processes in other organs and tissues: in 73,9% of the AR, 53,7% with AK. 16,6% with BA and 14% with urticaria/angiocdcma.
3. Found that in the study population of patients with asthma adolescence occur expressed disturbances of the immune status, manifested deficit indicators as cell (CD3‘, CD4+, CD8 , CD16+), and humoral immunity (CD19 , IgA, IgG, IgM) and activation markers (CD23+, CD95). The immune status of patients with asthma in young people, adolescence has distinctive features, the depth of detected violations immunoreactivity was most pronounced in the younger age group.
4. In patients with bronchial asthma in adolescence revealed distinct changes in cell-cell interactions in the immune system: a significant increase in the content of Th2-cclls secreted IL-6 is a regulator of maturation of antibodies and immunoglobulin production itself, and vice versa reducing regulator activity of Th 1-cell cytokine INF-y.
5. It was found that the contents of cytokines IL-6, INF-y and in the peripheral blood is in communication with one pathogenic disease. It is shown that the lowest level of INF-y production in the scrum is characteristic of allergic clinical pathogenic variant asthma in adolescence. Adolescents suffering from predominantly infectious form of asthma, there is a sharp trend towards increased production of IL-6 in peripheral blood.
6. Revealed that markers of increased risk of allergic forms of asthma in adolescents Uzbek ethnicity arc genotype FceRip-109T/T allele FceRip-109T, low-risk markers - FcsRip-109C/C and allele Fc£Rip-109C. A high degree of cohesion genotype FcsRip-109T/T allele and FcsRip-109T with hereditary burden of asthma in the Uzbek population.
7. Among females ethnic Uzbek Association revealed lie-105 allele and genotype Ilc-105/Ilc-105 polymorphic gene locus GSTkI at high risk for asthma. Revealed that the genotype associated with the development Ilc-105/Ilc-105 allergic form of asthma in adolescents Uzbek population.
8. Complex therapy with adolescents’ patients with asthma ciklofcron and polyoxidonium, providing immunocorrective effect, enhances the clinical efficacy of basic therapy. In the study of prophylactic efficacy of immunomodulators positive indicators prevailed in the group of patients receiving polioksidony, necessitating its inclusion in the priority scheme of integrated treatment and prevention of asthma in adolescents.
Objective of the study: to identify electrolyte disturbances in patients with chronic stable asthma and patients with exacerbated asthma, and to assess the relationship between serum electrolyte levels, pulmonary function parameters, and taken medications. Methodology: TMA based prospective crossover study. Department: pulmonology department of the 1st clinic of TMA. Conclusion: Hypomagnesemia and hypocalcemia were found to be the two most common electrolyte disturbances in patients with stable asthma as well as in patients with exacerbated asthma. The drugs used to treat chronic asthma patients have also been found to have an effect on electrolyte levels.
The article discusses the complications of silicosis, which occupies a significant place in the total structure of occupational morbidity. Presented clinical cases of rare complications of the disease, such as bronchial asthma and tuberculosis.
Бронхиальная астма - это заболевание дыхательных путей, вызывающее их отек и сужение; что приводит к свистящему дыханию, одышке, стеснению в груди и кашлю. Воздействие бронхиальной астмы на детей зависит от сложного взаимодействия между тяжестью заболевания, реакцией детей на заболевание, эффективностью лечения, социальными ролями и социальным окружением. Наиболее распространенными триггерами бронхиальной астмы являются пыль, перхоть животных, погодные изменения, загрязнение окружающей среды, плесень, пыльца, респираторные инфекции, стресс и табачный дым. Основными патофизиологическими характеристиками астмы являются воспаление и ремоделирование дыхательных путей, которые включают гиперплазию бокаловидных клеток, субэпителиальный фиброз, отложение коллагена, слизистую железу, гиперплазию, гипертрофию гладких мышц и изменения во внеклеточном матриксе.
Бронхиальная астма (БА) – одно из самых распространенных заболеваний бронхолегочной системы, патогенетическую основу которого составляет иммунное воспаление дыхательных путей и гиперреактивность бронхов.
Бронхиальная астма является наиболее частым воспалительным неинфекционным заболеванием, поражающим дыхательные пути во всем мире. Это обычно связано с сопутствующими состояниями, которые в значительной степени усугубляют его бремя, независимо от того, затрагивают ли они легкие или другие отделы. Самые последние исследования выявили ряд патобиологических взаимодействий между астмой и другими органами с точки зрения общего иммунологического фона, лежащего в основе различных заболеваний. Двузначная связь между астмой и распространенными состояниями, включая сердечно-сосудистые, метаболические или нейродегенеративные заболевания, а также редкие заболевания, такие как серповидно-клеточная анемия, Дефицит α1-антитрипсина и иммунологические состояния с гиперэозинофилией следует учитывать и изучать с точки зрения диагностической работы и долгосрочной оценки пациентов с астмой.
Бронхиальная астма является одной из широко распространенной патологией среди детского населения и подростков во всем мире и в нашем Среднеазиатском регионе. Бронхиальная астма(БА) получила широкую распространенность из-за сложности в диагностики, неэффективности противорецидивного лечения и неоднозначным прогнозом. Актуальность проблемы БА у детей объясняется неуклонным ростом случаев её с более тяжелым клиническим течением и тяжестью дифференцировки. Главный симптом астмы-приступ удушья. При оценке тяжести заболевания учитывается количество ночных и дневных приступов в месяц, неделю, день.
The article describes the clinical manifestation and course of pollen bronchial asthma in children. One of the most severe clinical manifestations of pollinosis is seasonal pollen asthma. Her attacks usually begin suddenly and acutely. In some cases, an asthma attack develops against the background of aggravated allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis. It was determined that almost all patients had symptoms that began with the appearance of sneezing and itching in the nose and coughing, difficulty breathing, and attacks of suffocation. Pollen bronchial asthma in children is characterized by a cyclical course.
As a result, the study found that allergic diseases in children with hereditary burden, and the clinical manifestations of allergies in children do not always coincide with the allergic disease in the mother. Children born to mothers with bronchial asthma and pollinosis have hypersensitization, polysensitization, meteorological stability, and a frequent combination of the underlying disease with other allergic reactions.
Бугунга келиб бронхиал астма (БА) касаллиги, нафас олиш тизими сурункали касалликлари ичида энг кенг тарқалганларидан бирига айланган. У дунёнинг турли жуғрофий минтақаларида 1-30%, ўртача хисоблаганда аҳолининг асосан 5%да учрайдиган касалликдир. Ушбу касалликни тез суръатларда тарқалиб бориш сабаблари экологияни ўта ёмонлашиб бораётганлиги ҳамда овқатланишдаги сунъий компонентларнинг ортиб кетгани билан боғланмоқда.
Выявить особенности формирования бронхиальной астмы (БА) у детей с выделением факторов риска.