This article represents a crucial area in modern language and communication studies. It delves into understanding how texts function within the context of information exchange and explores the communicative strategies employed for effective interaction between speakers and listeners. Analyzing texts from a communicative perspective, researchers focus not only on linguistic structures but also on the context in which these texts are utilized, along with sociocultural factors that influence communication. This topic offers an opportunity to examine various aspects of communicative text analysis, including its functional purpose, structure, impact on the audience, and its interrelation with cultural peculiarities of society. Researchers working in this field can analyze diverse genres of texts, ranging from literary works to public speeches, unveiling the distinctive communicative influences embedded within them. Ultimately, comprehending the communicative aspects of texts not only contributes to in-depth analysis of linguistic structures but also broadens our knowledge about how texts serve as tools for communication and interaction in the contemporary world.
The article deals with the stylistic features of military terms in English and Uzbek languages. As the world is growing rapidly, the technology and terminology of the entire field is also growing at the same time. Here in this article, we have discussed some of the changes in the military terminology of English and Uzbek languages.
The article deals with the stylistic features of military terms in English and Uzbek languages. As the world is growing rapidly, the technology and terminology of the entire field is also growing at the same time. Here in this article, we have discussed some of the changes in the military terminology of English and Uzbek languages.
The article deals with the linguacultural and semantic features of military terms in texts. As the world is grow ing rapidly the technology and terminology of all sphere also growing at the same time. Here in this article we discussed some changes in military terminological base of English language.
This article deals with the linguacultural and semantic peculiarities of military-technical vocabulary in texts. As the world is growing rapidly the technology and terminology of all sphere also growing at the same time. Here in this article we discussed some changes in military terminological base of English language.
The purpose of the article is to emphasize the specific stylistic features of verb forms used in Persian language newspaper texts. The analysis examined the grammatical categories of verbs used mainly in newspaper texts, identified the most active and inactive grammatical categories, and identified the reasons for their activity. At the same time, the article analyses verbs used in newspaper texts and explains the methodological features of their use. Newspaper-journalistic style has specific features and the main task of the materials of this style is to report certain information to certain positions; thereby achieving the desired effect on the reader or listener. The content of the newspaper and informational messages is different in that here we are talking about events that are available for a broad understanding of the layers of non-specialists, directly or indirectly related to their lives and interests. From this point of view, this article is relevant in stylistic-functional aspects of the verb category.
This article discusses the concepts of "baihua" and "wenyan", their similarities and differences, as well as the burial language of these two realities of the Chinese language. The grammatical and lexical-semantic features of classical Chinese and Baihua, as well as their mutual influence are noted. As it is known, in Chinese before the declaration of putung-hua in standard Chinese, in parallel, there were two realities, this is the classical Chinese language - wenyan, which was relevant in China until the end of the twentieth century, and baihua "spoken language". Laconic sayings on wenyana, texts of classical works of Chinese literature contain about half the number of hieroglyphs than the same text on baihua. In wenyang, monosyllabic words (written in one hieroglyph) predominate, while in baihua, disyllabic words (written in two hieroglyphs) dominate; in the Vanyan texts, transposition is a frequent phenomenon, when many hieroglyphic words in different situations can be different parts of speech; reliance on context is used, in particular, to avoid unnecessary pronominalization (use of pronouns), frequent non-use of subjects in general; no punctuation; no affixation. According to Chinese linguists, the first works on baihua appeared in the period of the Song dynasties (960- 1279) and the Yuan (1271-1368). The flourishing of Baihua prose falls on the Song-Yuan epoch (10th-14th centuries), when significant changes took place in social and cultural life, reflected in literature as well. One of the most important features of spiritual life is the development of folk forms of culture: folk theater, different types of folklore (narrative genres, narratives). Prose on baihua, i.e. in the literary language, which is close to the conversational speech (baihua xiaosho), is one of the most important types of Chinese literature of the Middle Ages and one of the main directions of the creative activity of writers since the XI century. In the twentieth century. This type of literature became the basis of modern prose (novel, story, story). The name baihua xiaosho is a concept of a late period, when in Chinese culture the distinctions between two literary languages were clearly designated: the classical “wenyan” and the colloquial “baihua”.
Язык - часть культуры. Он занимает важнейшее место в человеческой деятельности, позволяя изучать науку и производство, нравы и обычаи, заниматься политикой и искусством. Русский язык — это национальный язык русского народа. Это язык науки, культуры. Столетиями мастера слова (А. Пушкин, М. Лермонтов, Н. Гоголь, И. Тургенев, Л. Толстой, А. Чехов, М. Горький, А. Твардовский, К. Паустовский и др.) и ученые филологи (Ф. Буслаев, И. Срезневский, Л. Щерба, В. Виноградов и др.) совершенствовали русский язык, доводили его до тонкости, создавая для нас грамматику, словарь, образцовые тексты.
This article is devoted to the newspaper text in communication – a relevant topic of modern times, when the literary Arabic language begins to lose its importance in the texts of the media. This article provides information from the works of many scientists on this theme, which explain the various features of the newspaper text as a whole, as well as compare Russian and Arabic texts, analyze their distinctive features and common similarities.
Tliis article is devoted to the usefulness of the business correspondence texts while training the consecutive interpreters. In the article the lexical, grammatical and stylistic peculiarities of the business correspondence texts are described, the difficulties while interpreting of them, and the comparison of the texts in the source and target languages. The characteristics and peculiarities of the texts, given in the article, will allow increasing the quality of consecutive interpreters training, and improve the level of the education provided.
In the textual studies of the peoples of the world, attention to the study of national literary heritage based on primary sources is growing stronger than ever. The study of manuscript sources makes it possible to restore the texts of the works of a poet or writer in accordance with the original (at least close to it), regardless of the period in which they lived. Without restoring a reliable text, the poet's work cannot be analyzed in terms of theoretical problems of literary studies. In world textology, research is being conducted on such scientific problems as comparative analysis of manuscript sources, creating a scientific biography of the creator, and studying the history of the text of an artistic work. Among them, a great deal of experience, knowledge and material has been collected within the framework of studying the sources of Eastern manuscripts spread throughout the world's libraries, including the works of Alisher Navoi and Babur, great figures of Turkish literature. Extensive research is the basis for the creation of the theoretical foundations of textual studies. Uzbek textology has progressed on the basis of existing scientific experiences and has achieved certain results in the study of classic literary sources. Researching the literary heritage of authors who have left a bright mark in the history of national literature, studying manuscript and lithographic sources based on the latest scientific achievements is one of the primary tasks of source studies and textual studies. After all, "...studying and promoting Uzbek classic and modern literature at the international level, analyzing this multifaceted topic in integral connection with the most important processes taking place in the world's literary space today, creating the necessary scientific - drawing practical conclusions is of great importance..." 1 . Accordingly, it becomes clear that it is urgent to carry out a scientific monographic study of the sources of the lyric divan of Khorezm literary environment representative Mutrib Khonakharob (1853-1923), study the textual history of the poet's works, and develop the principles of preparing a scientific and critical text. The study of Mutrib's work began during the poet's lifetime. Tabibiy recognizes the achievements of the poet in poetry and music in the collections "Majmuat ush-shuaroyi payravi Feruzshahi" and "Majmuat mukhammasot ush-shuaroyi Feruzshahi". "Biographies of poets and writers of Khiva" by Hasanmurad Laffasi, "Poets and singers of Khorezm" by Bobojon Tarroh, "Tazkirayi Qayyumiy" by Polatjon Qayyumiy also provide valuable information about the poet's work. O. Sharafiddinov, M. Yunusov, N.M. Mallayev, Yu. Yusupov, M. Pirnazarov, A. Abdugafurov published articles. These articles cover the biography of the poet, the ideological scope and artistry of his works, thematic and genre features of his literary heritage. But in most of them, the poet's works were interpreted under the influence of communist ideology. M. Pirnazarov studied manuscript and lithographic sources of Mutrib's lyrical heritage, subject scope, genre features, and artistic skills. Although this research provided valuable information for its time, problems such as creating a scientific biography of the poet, researching the author's works in the field of theoretical problems of textual studies, and creating a scientific-critical text are still waiting to be solved. In studying the poet's literary heritage, the book "Mutrib Khonaharobi (Ref. Collection)" is noteworthy. However, besides the fact that the text of these poems is not complete, there are also errors in the reading of words. In this tutorial, the manuscripts numbered 906/VII, 903/IV, 2679/II of the Department of Muhammad Hasan Mutrib kept in the main and H. Sulayman funds of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as Turkish manuscripts in bayoz, complex and tazkira poems, information about the poems in manuscript bayoz kept in Khiva Ichonqala Muhammad Rahimkhan Feruz II Museum.
The main purpose of this training manual is to develop the ability of law enforcement officers to communicate and exchange ideas in English based on the basic knowledge and skills of English phonetics and grammar. The textbook contains texts on the subject of the field and tasks related to the content of the texts given for analytical reading.
The study guide is intended for students and cadets of family educational institutions belonging to the MIA system.
Relevance and necessity of the dissertation topic. In the textual studies of the peoples of the world, attention to the study of national literary heritage based on primary sources is growing stronger than ever. The study of manuscript sources, regardless of the era in which they lived, allows to restore the texts of the works of a poet or writer according to the original (at least close to it). Without restoring a reliable text, the poet's work cannot be analyzed in terms of theoretical problems of literary studies. In world textology, research is being conducted on scientific problems such as comparative analysis of manuscript sources, creating a scientific biography of the creator, studying the history of the text of an artistic work. Among them, a great deal of experience, knowledge and material was collected in the framework of studying the sources of Eastern manuscripts scattered throughout the world's libraries, including the works of Alisher Navoi and Babur, great figures of Turkish literature. Extensive research is the basis for the creation of the theoretical foundations of textual studies. Uzbek textology is progressing on the basis of existing scientific experiences and has achieved and is achieving certain results in the study of classic literary sources. Researching the literary heritage of creators who left a bright mark in the history of national literature based on the original, studying manuscript and lithographic sources based on the latest scientific achievements is one of the priority tasks of source studies and textual studies. Because "... it is of great importance to study and promote Uzbek classic and modern literature at the international level, to analyze this multifaceted topic in integral connection with the most important processes taking place in the world literary space today, and to draw the necessary scientific and practical conclusions" 1 . Accordingly, it becomes clear that it is urgent to carry out a scientific-monographic study of the sources of the lyric book of Khorezm's representative Mutrib Khonakharob (1853-1923), to study the textual history of the poet's works, and to develop the principles of preparing a scientific-critical text. Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PQ-4797 of May 13, 2016 "On the establishment of the Tashkent State University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi", No. PQ-2995 of May 24, 2017 "System of preservation, research and promotion of ancient written sources" the decision of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan dated February 17, 2017 No. PQ-2789 "On measures to further improve the activities of the Academy of Sciences, the organization, management and financing of scientific research" and other related to this activity This thesis research serves to a certain extent in the implementation of the tasks defined in the regulatory and legal documents.
In recent years, many positive things have been done in our country to further develop the education sector and bring it to a new level. In particular, by our President for the purpose of forming a comprehensive system of foreign language learning and teaching
Decision PQ-1875 "On measures to further improve the foreign language learning system" adopted on December 10, 2012 was announced. Based on this Decision, by introducing advanced methods of teaching using modern PC-pedagogical and information-communication technologies, teaching the growing young generation foreign languages, preparing specialists who can speak these languages freely. Fundamentally improving the system and, ultimately, creating conditions and opportunities for the achievements of world civilization and the wide use of world information resources, the development of international cooperation and communication, has become one of the most urgent issues of today.
The need to study the experience of developed foreign countries and learn their positive aspects that are suitable for our conditions is of particular importance among the identified current issues. Taking into account the fact that it is necessary for jurists to improve their foreign language at the professional level, this textbook called "English" has been prepared and is being presented to a wide readership.
This textbook contains detective texts of various contents and is intended for students and cadets studying in higher educational institutions of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The purpose of this publication is to help future lawyers to quickly learn the essence of the text and develop oral speech by performing various interactive exercises.
Since this textbook was prepared for the first time, it is natural that there are some shortcomings in it. Therefore, the author welcomes any critical comments and suggestions regarding this textbook and will use them in his future work.
This article is dedicated to a new grammar teaching approach – context-based teaching. In order to be proficient at four language skills, having a good understanding of grammar is required. However, learning grammar rules may be difficult, confusing or tiring. This paper, therefore, aims to shed some light on the analysis of context-based approach and discusses its importance in language training. In addition to this, one sample lesson using above-mentioned method will be presented to illustrate and clarify opinions.
In the manuscript fund of the Institute of Oriental Studies named after Abu Rayhan Beruni of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan the manuscript №2225 is stored. It presents a full comment for the composition of Jalaladdin Rumi “Masnaviyi Ma’naviy” and consists of six notebooks. This comment is named as “Sharhi Masnaviyi Mavlaviy”, author – Ayyub. Interpretations of some words from composition are given in “Comments” which also contains stories about Rumi’s life and his edifications. Some of the stories are presented by commentator himself. There are the notes of what sources they are extracted before each story and information, which are submitted by Ayyub. When commenting “Masnaviy” expositor used following compositions: “Nayname”, “Yusuf and Zuleykha”, Abdurakhman Jami’s “Nafakhotu-l-uns”, Akhmad Afloki’s “Manokibu-l-orifin”, Shaykh Abdurakhim Bikhori’s “Kashfu-l-lugot va-l islokhot”. In a number of bytes of “Masnaviy” are given the words and expressions from text or ayat in Koran. Firstly, commentator gives full text or a fragment from particular ayah then provides comments. In composition “Masnaviy” Rumi adduces sayings from Hadith and from various stories which have taken place in life of prophets. Ayyub, in turn, completely overlooks given Hadith and stories and then only adds his comments. Expositor also uses the other texts of comments, which were written for “Masnaviy”, and for some related views he expounds his own persuasions, where he doesn’t indicate the exact names of the sources from which such information was brought, but only limits to the phrase “some commentators write”. There are cases of examples as well from other parts of “Masnaviy” in “Comments”. Before writing “Comments” Ayyub explored many books about Rumi’s life and work, worked with dictionaries, improved his knowledge in the sphere of religion and tasawwuf, collected data from earlier written comments. The sources which were used while writing “Comments of Masnaviyi Mavlavi” composition are the most valuable among many others about life and work of Rumi.