The purpose of the research is to develop measures for the protection of the Zeravshan river, which is used as an industrial and drinking water supply for the population of several regions of the Republic. Studies have established that the main source of river pollution is industrial enterprise "Navoiazot", which produces mineral fertilizers for needs of agriculture. Discharge of wastewater into the water, leads to pollution of water, and the quality does not correspond to GOST 951:2011 "Sources of centralized drinking water supply. Hygienic, technical requirements and selection rules". At the same time, harmful chemicals are found in the water of the Zeravshan river, which are 2-9 times higher than the MPC installed on them. The medium term forecast showed that by 2030 the ecological state of the Zeravshan river will not be improved, due to the fact that the production of mineral fertilizers is planned to be increased. In this regard, recommendations on the protection of the Zeravshan river have been developed, which will help to improve the monitoring of the state of the water body and improve the conditions of water use of the population
Актуальность проводимых исследований обусловлена тем, что в последние годы отмечается рост антропогенного загрязнения окружающей среды, особенно поверхностных и подземных источников водоснабжения населения. Проблема охраны водных объектов питьевого назначения стоит особенно остро в Узбекистане связи с тем, что в регионе в настоящее время отмечается дефицит водных ресурсов.
The article analyzes the composition of the cost of irrigation water in foreign countries, the size of tariffs for irrigation water and its role in covering the costs of water management organizations. Also, modern methods and means of financing the water system are highlighted.
Учинчи минг йилликнинг бошланиши муҳим икки тамойил билан характерланади. Биринчидан, ҳозирги цивилизация глобал экологик муаммолар (иқлим ўзгариши, озон қатлами емирилиши, ичимлик суви ифлосланиши ва етишмаслиги, ўрмон ва тупроқ инқирози, биохилма-хиллик қисқариши, ортиқча ҳажмдаги чиқиндилар ҳосил бўлиши ҳамда уларни зарарсизлантириш муаммолари ва бошқалар) билан тўқнаш келди
В Узбекистане, в соответствии с нормативными документами, качество воды источников водоснабжения и питьевой воды определяется по двум микробиологическим показателям: общее микробное число (ОМЧ) и количество бактерий группы кишечной палочки (БГКП) [1, 2, 3].
The main unit of linguoculturology is cultural connotation. Cultural conseption this is a mental unit, an information structure that serves to represent units of mental and psychic resources in the mind, as well as reflecting human experience and knowledge (E.S.Kubryakova), the main unit of culture (V.I.Karasik), the cell of culture in the human mind (yu.S.Stepanov). The linguistic and cultural approach to the concerto dictates the perception of concerto as a base unit of culture and reflects in itself the concepts that are important to a particular culture.
The constituents in the structure of the concept form the square of the concept or the constitutive.
The National Conservatory is the sum of the concretes that are considered characteristic for a concrete nation, the concept presents itself a concretes section, elements. Its elements manifest themselves in concrete communicative processes.
As a result of the analysis of the verification of the cones' Fire ' in phraseological units, it is possible to see that in the phraseological units with the fire component there are mainly figurative and valuable parts of the cones of Fire. Positive aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the following conceptual signs: Fire It 1) positive emotions (love, friendship, caress); 2) aspiration, diligence; 3) motivation Reserve. Negative aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the contextual signs of language combinations that represent the concepts of destruction, fire, War. Fire it is 1) fire, disaster, destruction; 2) War and shooting; 3) negative emotions: anger; 4) difficult test, suffering; 5) shortage of time; 6) reserve of criticism and XK.
In' Water ' component phraseological units, water is interpreted as 1) a kind of texture that expresses different situations in Life; 2) useless and inexpensive compared to other liquids; 3) sacred liquid. At the same time, water and fire are reflected in its semantics of concerted signs, such as devastation, natural disaster.
Thus, in the English linguistics, fire is mainly associated with negative coloring, with such concepts as destruction, suffering, War, Fire. This is due to the fact that the flame is a natural disaster, it can not be stopped when it is drowned, the battle strongholds are mainly associated with grass (arrow, shells, bombs). The fact that the concept of fire is associated with human feelings, is associated with the physiological characteristics of a person (when a person is angry, flushed, fell in love, increased body charisma, etc.)
The main unit of linguoculturology is cultural connotation. Cultural conseption this is a mental unit, an information structure that serves to represent units of mental and psychic resources in the mind, as well as reflecting human experience and knowledge (E.S.Kubryakova), the main unit of culture (V.I.Karasik), the cell of culture in the human mind (yu.S.Stepanov). The linguistic and cultural approach to the concerto dictates the perception of concerto as a base unit of culture and reflects in itself the concepts that are important to a particular culture.
The constituents in the structure of the concept form the square of the concept or the constitutive.
The National Conservatory is the sum of the concretes that are considered characteristic for a concrete nation, the concept presents itself a concretes section, elements. Its elements manifest themselves in concrete communicative processes.
As a result of the analysis of the verification of the cones' Fire ' in phraseological units, it is possible to see that in the phraseological units with the fire component there are mainly figurative and valuable parts of the cones of Fire. Positive aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the following conceptual signs: Fire It 1) positive emotions (love, friendship, caress); 2) aspiration, diligence; 3) motivation Reserve. Negative aesthetic evaluation is reflected in the contextual signs of language combinations that represent the concepts of destruction, fire, War. Fire it is 1) fire, disaster, destruction; 2) War and shooting; 3) negative emotions: anger; 4) difficult test, suffering; 5) shortage of time; 6) reserve of criticism and XK.
In' Water ' component phraseological units, water is interpreted as 1) a kind of texture that expresses different situations in Life; 2) useless and inexpensive compared to other liquids; 3) sacred liquid. At the same time, water and fire are reflected in its semantics of concerted signs, such as devastation, natural disaster.
Thus, in the English linguistics, fire is mainly associated with negative coloring, with such concepts as destruction, suffering, War, Fire. This is due to the fact that the flame is a natural disaster, it can not be stopped when it is drowned, the battle strongholds are mainly associated with grass (arrow, shells, bombs). The fact that the concept of fire is associated with human feelings, is associated with the physiological characteristics of a person (when a person is angry, flushed, fell in love, increased body charisma, etc.)
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy and also introduction of new technogenic processes of production have resulted in antropogenic influence of industrial activity of man on the environment and ecological equilibrium According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted in the Ukraine (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year).Release of heavy metals to the environment for Russia equaled Pb-50%; Cd-66%; Hg-37% and in some others countries: Pb-10%,Cd-21%,Hg-58%,.Short analysis of the situation interms of these tree toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals(HTM).The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the-surce the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries .
At presente time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the level of manufacture is rapidly growing and this results in the increase of the concervation of HTM compared with global scale of some natural processes. The most dangerous for the health of population are the non-essencial elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) . For this reason the monitoring of pollutions of objects of environment especialy HTM has acquired special importance and actuality. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions of HTM has acquired important and necessary demands and has pulled out before analysts and ecologists the task of elaboration of express sensitive and selective methods of determination of microquantities of these elements which are dangerous toxicants, cancerogens and mutagens.
In this regard in the process protection of objects of the environment it is important and necessary to determinetion precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemicals methods. For the practical realization of this problem at chemical analysis it is necessary to improve perfection existing methods analysis and elaborationof new modern methods ecotoxicants monitoring (espessially HTM). In the aspect of realization of theoretical prerequisites and practical confirmation of analytical determination of ecotoxicants concentrations it is necessary to elaborate some new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complexe-forming reagents on polymeric bearers and matrixes differing by high meteological and operation parameters.
Existing actual problems can be solved by introducing to the analytical practices of the methods of HTM determination of some new selective and specific organic reagents.The most perspective way of their solution is the purposeful synthesis and immobilization of new organic reagents with some definite analytical characteristics with following forecast of their properties with the aim of the optimal solving of the given tasks.
Elaboration of methods and approaches of prognosis as method of further development of sorbtion-spectroscopical method of analysis is an actual problem .In this range of theoretical and applied analytical chemistry there are considerable achivments bonding with investigations of home and forcing investigators ,but row of questions of problematical character has demanded of deep investigation and knowledges of new approaches and methods of their decision.
It is known that theory of action of OR is characterized as “system of ideas” allow ing to construct of some analytical system to find optimal by nature reagent and medium in which analytical reaction will carried out .In decision of some taskes of development of theory of OR action the fallowing stages neussarg to take into acconnl:”esplantion of observe processes and phenoments:prediction and direction works by synthesis of reagents with given properties .’’Thus the elaborated methodology and predication of properties of immobilized analytical reagents can be consider as definite seintific contribution in development of theory of action of IMOR for their using in analytical chemistry and ecology.
Purpose of research is elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR. Elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and construction of specifical analytical grouos in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers synthesis of new organic reagents with given up properties on the base of our theretical prognosisesand introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved: -optimization of immobilization conditions of organic reagents with preservation of their analytical properties; determination of mechanism of coloured reactious of complex-formation of immobilized organic reagents with ions of HTM;
-determination of connection between structure of OR and their analytical characteristics; prognosis of some perspective ways of their modification and directed synthesis of new specifical reagents on the base of nitronaphtols;
-analytical groups (EAG): (6-methyl-pyridil-2-azo-aminophenol; l-(5-methyl -2-pyridilfzo )-5-diethglaminophenol ;l-(4-antipyridilazo) -2-napthol sulphoacid; 1-(2-pyridilazo)-2-oxynaphtalin-6-sulphoacid sodlium; 3-hydroxy-4-nitrozo-2-naphtoic acid;2-hydroxiy -3-nitrozo naphtaldehyde and others);
-determination of influence of different factors and parameters on value of the analytical signal ;wing of elaborated methods in analysis of different by nature model binary ,triple and more complex mixtabiological objects industrial materials
-comparison of obtained results with results obtained by existing methods of determination of the investisated metals in solution.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
-Immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
-Chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters;
Conclusion
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granule and powder have been shown. Necessarily of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenaza and threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber “Nitron” were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. 1R- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents of fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo and theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty ofNUUz immobilized on marix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant- chemical methods such as EMN, MNDO, RMZ and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contrastion of reactions and conditions of their carring out).
7. On the base on comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capasity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action occording to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesized reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25°C in pH diapazone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Coplex of methods of solidphase - spectroshopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroskopical determination of Co,Cu, Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural waters with using of immobilized organical reagent has been elaborated . This sorbtion - spectroskopical method has allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level n x 10-6 - n x 10'3 % and also to decrease the limitof their determination . Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real abjects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom -absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practics of laboratories by investigation of surface waters NYSMY; SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; department of radiopreparates of INP (Institute of nucleur physies) and others. Some obtained experimental data have been introduced in educational process at reading of lectures , carring out seminars and labaratory works with bachelors and masters by courses : “Analysis of environment objects”; “Optical methods of analysis “ ; “Physical methods of analysis “ ; “ Metrology statistics and computer in analytical chemistry” on the departments ofNUUz ; SamSU; Term.SV Tash.Pharm.1.
This article deals with the analysis of information referring to historical geography as well as the toponymy, characterization of locality, climate, hydrography, cities and habitant places in Fergana on the composition “Bаburnoma” by Z. M. Bobur.
At present, much attention is paid in Uzbekistan to the improvement of the educational sphere, in particular, the comprehensive support of representatives of science and education. Intellectual wealth is highly revered, which is directly related to the history, mentality, ageold values and traditions of our people. One of the main goals in our Republic is to create a powerful foundation for the Renaissance, in other words, the Third Renaissance. In this regard, the main tasks are the study and analysis of the scientific, educational and cultural heritage of great ancestors, one of which is Ahmad Al-Fergani. Scientists of the East in their research paid great attention to the compilation and development of astronomical tables, among which one can distinguish - solar, lunar, planetary, as well as the creation of star catalogs. With the help of these tables it was possible to establish the movement of planets, stars and the time of eclipses. Baghdad, the capital of the Abbasid Caliphate, was a major center of learning from the 9th century onward for several centuries. Here, the Baghdad caliph from the Abbasid dynasty Al-Mamun founded the «House of Wisdom» - the Academy of Sciences in the East, which was also called the «Mamun Academy». Ahmad Al-Fergani, known in Western Europe under the Latinized name “Alfraganus”, and in the East under the name “Hasib”, participated in an expedition to measure the length of the earth meridian in 832-833. His scientific works not only immortalized his name, but also brought worldwide fame. Among them, the following can be distinguished: «The Book of Celestial Movements and the Code of the Science of the Stars», «The Book of the Beginnings of the Science of Astronomy», «The Book of the Causality of the Celestial Spheres» and other works. An important merit of Al-Ferghani is the discovery of the existence of sunspots and the prediction of a solar eclipse, the proof of the existence of the shortest and longest days of the year (June 22 and December 23), as well as the creation of a device called “Nilometer” - to measure the water level in the river Nile. The rich cultural heritage of the peoples of Uzbekistan is necessary as a predetermined vector for the further development of the country, reviving the inextricable links between the past, present and future.
Қувурли қурилмаларда буғларни конденсациялаш жараёнини самарали ташкил этиш учун вақт ва қувурдаги конденсацияланиш юзаси бўйича оқимнинг ҳарорати, босими ва иссиқлик-физик хоссалари каби технологик параметрларни ҳисобга олиш керак бўлади. Ушбу технологик параметрларни конденсацияланиш жараёнига таъсирини ўрганиш саноатда ишлатиладиган конденсация қурилммаларини иссиқлик самарадорлиги юқори оптимал дизайнини ишлаб чиқишга ёрдам беради [1-4]
Objects of researches were the professional sportsmen who are training in the sportcomplexes of Tashkent, experimental animals. A subject of researches: optimisation of a nutrition of professional sportsmen and protection of their health at the strengthened physical, mental and thermal influence.
The work purpose: development of scientific bases of a balanced diet of professional sportsmen in the conditions of the republic Uzbekistan.
Research methods: hygienic, medical and biologic, biochemical, chemical, statistical methods of researches and questioning are used.
The received results and their novelty: are defined requirements for the basic food substances and energy of professional sportsmen RUz depending on professional skill, puberty groups, kinds of sports, climatic conditions and national features of a food defined which have not been defined earlier. Factors of physical activity (FFA) for separate kinds of activity of sportsmen are established. Power expenses of sportsmen by sports kinds, features and professional skill on the basis of daily average timing are revealed. Features of a condition of an actual food and a drinking mode of members Olympic and the national teams of Uzbekistan connected with national habits in a food and a hot climate are studied. Are revealed additional necessity to the basic food of ways of correction micronutrient structure of food in the conditions of high physical and mental loading. Have been developed toxicological passports of BAS for sportsmen. Has been estimated efficiency of actions for rationalisation of a food of professional sportsmen.
Practical value of the work. National daily average norms of a food for professional sportsmen by all kinds of sports with the account of puberty features and level of professional skill confirmed MH RUz (SanPi Ni are developed and confirmed: № 0126-01; № 0140-03; № 0139-03).
Degree of introduction and their economic value: results of researches are introduced in GDSES MH RUz, in Committee on physical training and sports RUz and are used at catering services by national teams on wrestling kurash, to free-style wrestling, boxing, weightlifting, swimming, other kinds sports, and also in sports colleges of the republic.
Sphere of usage: nutrition hygiene, physical culture and sports.