Печень является одним из жизненно важных органов в организме человека. Важнейшими функциями печени являются- пищеварительная, метаболическая, барьерная, дезинтоксикационная, экскреторная, функция депо крови, гликогена и жирорастворимых витаминов. Печень играет основную роль в поддержании уровня гликемии. Нарушение обмена веществ печени сопровождается снижением се белковосинтетической функции из-за дефицита энергии в гепатоцитах и нарушения деятельности рибосом. Последствиями нарушения синтеза белков могут быть: гипопротеинемия, кровоточивость и другие заболевания
Despite the fact that there are many works on Arabic grammar, which are perfect and known for their content, the work of Zamakhshari “ لصفملا” is considered by his contemporaries "the best book on Arabic grammar"1 . Another scientist compares it with “fine-grained durga” 2. This work has great historical importance due to the laconic and clear interpretation. The issues raised in Zamakhshari's work testify to the development of Arabic linguistics at that time. In the play, we see the achievements of the 12th century through the coverage of grammatical issues. A “Mufassal” is an aggregated and refined review of research conducted prior to this work. When creating "Mufassal" Zamakhshari pursued not only a scientific goal, but also its convenience. This aspect allowed him to become one of the most famous works. Zamakhshari, as a linguist well versed in the theory of Arabic grammar, managed to compose the book in his own way.
The article is devoted to the main direction of the modern development of higher legal education in the Republic of Uzbekistan is determined by the general direction of national educational institutions to enter the world educational space, harmonization of national and international standards of higher education.
This article examines a new field of comparative linguistics and cultural studies, its scope, objects, goals and objectives. This direction arose between linguoculturology and comparative linguistics, which compares language and culture through the prism of the native language. The basic principles of comparative studies and various approaches to analysis - contrastive and comparative - are defined. It is emphasized that comparative linguistics and cultural studies are applied aspects of linguoculturology that have good prospects for development. Development of the foundations of a new branch of knowledge - linguoculturology, which arose at the intersection of linguistics and cultural studies and explores the manifestations of the culture of the people, which are reflected and entrenched in the language. It is shown how culture forms and organizes the thinking of a linguistic personality, linguistic categories and concepts, how one of the fundamental functions of language is carried out - to be an instrument for the creation, development, storage and transmission of culture. Linguistics of the 21st century actively develops a direction in which the language is considered as the cultural code of the nation, and not just a tool of communication and knowledge. The fundamental foundations of this approach were laid by the works of W. Humboldt, A.A. Potebny and other scientists. For example, W. Humboldt argued: "The boundaries of the language of my nation mean the boundaries of my worldview."
Мақолада озиқ-овқат хавфсизлигини таъминлаш шароитида картошкачиликни ривожлантиришнинг аҳамияти, мамлакатимизда картошка етиштиришдаги асосий тенденциялар ва мавжуд муаммолар ҳамда таркибий ислоҳотлар баён этилган.
По состоянию на апрель 2021 года во всем мире было зарегистрировано более 140 миллионов подтвержденных случаев и более 3 миллионов случаев смерти от коронавирусной болезни 2019 (COVID-19). С ростом распространения болезни и продолжительными симптомами, которые теперь определяются как «длительный Covid», неуклонно растет осведомленность о влиянии COVID-19 на другие органы, кроме легких. SARS-CoV-2 представляет собой оболочечный вирус рибонуклеиновой кислоты (РНК) с шиповидным белком, который взаимодействует с первичным рецептором хозяина путем прикрепления к рецептору ангиотензинпревращающего фермента 2 (АСЕ2). Клетки, которые экспрессируют больше рецепторов АСЕ2, более уязвимы для SARS-CoV-2.9 АСЕ2 экспрессируется в различных системах органов, включая легочную ткань (особенно альвеолярные клетки типа II), нервную, сердечно - сосудистую и желудочно-кишечную системы, почки, эндотелий и печень, систем, которые экспрессируют АСЕ2, были проведены исследования для изучения потенциального воздействия SARS-CoV-2 на печень, желудочно-кишечный тракт, сердечно-сосудистую и нервную системы, почки, и дыхательную систему.
The development of a market economy creates the inevitability of the formation of the newest ways of economic control, new economic thinking aimed at the greatest satisfaction of human needs. The new market environment gave rise to the concept of marketing in the United States in the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, which was later globalized in many countries of the world. Today marketing has turned out to be an inseparable part of the activities of not only market-based companies, but the whole society is mainly involved in marketing activities. The life standard is directly determined by the expediency of mastering marketing information, which is in need of researching and mastering this terminology. Marketing is implied by young science, but some of its components (advertising, price policy, sales) were used several centuries ago. The term "marketing" originates from the English word "market" and literally means market and trading activities. As a rule, this term is not translated into Russian and Uzbek languages, which is explained by the incredible completeness of this concept. Marketing is not only a way of thinking and direction of economic thought, but also a practical activity within the framework of individual firms, industries, and the economy as a whole. Today, there are approximately 2000 definitions of marketing. However, despite the presence of a large selection of definitions, they have something unified, namely, the direction of marketing to the needs of specific groups of consumers, a set of approaches to fulfilling market tasks, activities focused on meeting needs through barter, increasing production and selling according to the principle of a multifaceted study of buyers’ needs and purposeful influence on them. Marketing activities include more than 200 types of marketing, which in turn are divided into subgroups. A great number of definitions of the term, the theory of its study, its features, areas of application, the creation of bilingual and trilingual terminological dictionaries, a variety of approaches - all this confirms the role of the term in linguistics. In Western terminology, there are many debates and disputes on the status of terminology and its place in linguistics. The term is considered a lexical unit with a special meaning, and terminology is a part of lexicology. The analysis of marketing terminology in English revealed that simple marketing terms were made up of nouns, gerund, adjectives, past participles, and verbs. Complex (compound derivative) words and abbreviations function in marketing terminology. The possessive case is formed by adding an apostrophe and the letter "s" to the noun. Some compound terms are hyphenated. The method of structural analysis of English compound marketing terms was applied.
A road sign is a sign used to indicate the direction to passengers and drivers. Road signs play an important role in managing roads, regulating traffic flow and ensuring traffic safety. The classification of road markings is usually as follows: Road signs are signs that regulate the direction shown, for example, the right direction, turn right, turn left, level, location, etc. No Weight Limit Signs - Signs indicating weight limits are posted on most trucks, trucks, and cars. Road marking signs - the road can be marked by these signs in the indicated directions. For example, road markings are displayed on city roads and highways. Directional signs - signs that indicate the entrance and exit points to the road, as well as the roads extended from the external road. Temperature symbols - the following symbols are used to describe the temperature, for example, a way station, a temperature symbol, etc. Variable temperature symbols - Unlike basic temperature symbols, these symbols are displayed according to temperature changes. For example, motor temperature, battery temperature, etc. Safety signs - used to describe road safety, such as giving the right direction to multiple vehicles, etc. These classifications may depend on the general classification of road signs, the type and location of their use.
Данная статья посвящена бурному развитию когнитивно-дискурсивного направления в языкознании, выделению новых категорий и более глубокому запрету существующих. Когнитивный анализ языковой деятельности и единиц языковой системы свидетельствует о том, что язык, являющийся результатом мышления человека, обобщает и выражает знания, обладающие свойством оценки в процессе обработки, хранения и передачи объективных знаний о действительности
Jahon sog’liqni saqlash tashkiloti (JSST) mutaxassislarining fikriga ko'ra tibbiy yordam va irsiy omillarning sog'liqqa qo'shgan hissasi 30% dan oshmaydi, 50% - bu sog'lom turmush tarzi. Atrof-muhitning ko'plab omillari, ijtimoiy gigienik, mehnat tabiati va boshqalar orasida, 50% hollarda "xulq-atvor omili" alohida o'rin tutadi.
Целью данной статьи является проведение комплексного анализа формирования культуры речи у студентов юридических специальностей. Данное научное исследование проводилось в несколько этапов. Сначала был определен предмет исследования, четко сформулирована тема статьи, обоснована ее актуальность. Далее были определены цель и задачи исследования.
Проведен поиск и изучение научной литературы по данному вопросу.В дальнейшем осуществлялся выбор методов исследования и их обоснование. В исследовании использовались как общенаучные, так и частные методы исследования. Общенаучные методы: комплексный анализ; дедуктивный метод; индукционный метод. В области частных методов можно выделить такие методы, как: историко-правовой; аналитический; формально-правовой; системно-структурный.
Maqolada turli ma’daniyatlarda shakllangan atamalar tushunchasi va ular tarjimasiga oid o’ziga
xosliklar va tarjima uslublari haqida so’z yuritiladi. Turizm sohasiga oid atamalarning ingliz tilidan o'zbek
tiliga tarjima jarayonida keng foydalaniladigan uslublarga misollar keltiriladi
Topicality and demand of the subject of dissertation. Development of science and intensification of all branches of national economy and also introduction of new technogenic processes of production have resulted in antropogenic influence of industrial activity of man on the environment and ecological equilibrium According to the data of regional evaluation of stable toxical compounds in the countries of the European Counsel the highest concentrations of Pb, Cd and Hg in the environment have been noted in the Ukraine (Pb-31,02; Cd-54, Hg-36 ton/year).Release of heavy metals to the environment for Russia equaled Pb-50%; Cd-66%; Hg-37% and in some others countries: Pb-10%,Cd-21%,Hg-58%,.Short analysis of the situation interms of these tree toxical metals has shown the level of antropogenic throwings of heavy toxical metals(HTM).The biggest part of HTM finding with throwings released to the atmosphere thrown out on soil and in waters of the country being the-surce the release and then they accumulate in neighbouring countries .
At presente time in the Republic of Uzbekistan the level of manufacture is rapidly growing and this results in the increase of the concervation of HTM compared with global scale of some natural processes. The most dangerous for the health of population are the non-essencial elements (Hg, Cd, Pb, As) . For this reason the monitoring of pollutions of objects of environment especialy HTM has acquired special importance and actuality. Qualitative and quantitative determination of ions of HTM has acquired important and necessary demands and has pulled out before analysts and ecologists the task of elaboration of express sensitive and selective methods of determination of microquantities of these elements which are dangerous toxicants, cancerogens and mutagens.
In this regard in the process protection of objects of the environment it is important and necessary to determinetion precise concentrations of HTM by different physical, chemical and physico-chemicals methods. For the practical realization of this problem at chemical analysis it is necessary to improve perfection existing methods analysis and elaborationof new modern methods ecotoxicants monitoring (espessially HTM). In the aspect of realization of theoretical prerequisites and practical confirmation of analytical determination of ecotoxicants concentrations it is necessary to elaborate some new hybrid methods with immobilization of different complexe-forming reagents on polymeric bearers and matrixes differing by high meteological and operation parameters.
Existing actual problems can be solved by introducing to the analytical practices of the methods of HTM determination of some new selective and specific organic reagents.The most perspective way of their solution is the purposeful synthesis and immobilization of new organic reagents with some definite analytical characteristics with following forecast of their properties with the aim of the optimal solving of the given tasks.
Elaboration of methods and approaches of prognosis as method of further development of sorbtion-spectroscopical method of analysis is an actual problem .In this range of theoretical and applied analytical chemistry there are considerable achivments bonding with investigations of home and forcing investigators ,but row of questions of problematical character has demanded of deep investigation and knowledges of new approaches and methods of their decision.
It is known that theory of action of OR is characterized as “system of ideas” allow ing to construct of some analytical system to find optimal by nature reagent and medium in which analytical reaction will carried out .In decision of some taskes of development of theory of OR action the fallowing stages neussarg to take into acconnl:”esplantion of observe processes and phenoments:prediction and direction works by synthesis of reagents with given properties .’’Thus the elaborated methodology and predication of properties of immobilized analytical reagents can be consider as definite seintific contribution in development of theory of action of IMOR for their using in analytical chemistry and ecology.
Purpose of research is elaboration of express, high-sensitive sorbtion-spectroscopical methods and test-systems of HTM determination with using of IMOR. Elaboration on the base of these methods some general approach to prognosis of properties and construction of specifical analytical grouos in organic reagents immobilized on different types of bearers synthesis of new organic reagents with given up properties on the base of our theretical prognosisesand introduction of them in practice of analysis of different analytical and ecological laboratories.
To achieve this goal the following tasks of research is solved: -optimization of immobilization conditions of organic reagents with preservation of their analytical properties; determination of mechanism of coloured reactious of complex-formation of immobilized organic reagents with ions of HTM;
-determination of connection between structure of OR and their analytical characteristics; prognosis of some perspective ways of their modification and directed synthesis of new specifical reagents on the base of nitronaphtols;
-analytical groups (EAG): (6-methyl-pyridil-2-azo-aminophenol; l-(5-methyl -2-pyridilfzo )-5-diethglaminophenol ;l-(4-antipyridilazo) -2-napthol sulphoacid; 1-(2-pyridilazo)-2-oxynaphtalin-6-sulphoacid sodlium; 3-hydroxy-4-nitrozo-2-naphtoic acid;2-hydroxiy -3-nitrozo naphtaldehyde and others);
-determination of influence of different factors and parameters on value of the analytical signal ;wing of elaborated methods in analysis of different by nature model binary ,triple and more complex mixtabiological objects industrial materials
-comparison of obtained results with results obtained by existing methods of determination of the investisated metals in solution.
Scientific novelty of disscrtational research consists in the following:
-Immobilization of different by nature reagents for prognosis and prediction of optimal construction of some OR based on quantum-chemical value of changing of analytical characteristics in dependence on structure of the functional and analytical-active groups has been theoretically based and practically has been realized;
-Chemico-analytical properties of OR immobilized on bearers on the base of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) and polypropylene (PP) for apriory prediction of structure of different OR and elaboration on their base an optical chemical sensors on the base PAN and PP-matrixes having some necessary analytical parameters;
Conclusion
1. Litrature date about using fiber sorbents and ion-exchanging on their base for determination of HTM cations at analysis objects of environment have been summarized. Advantages of using of fiber sorbents in comparison with their using as granule and powder have been shown. Necessarily of search of new immobilized reagents for determination metals in different objects was ground.
2. New scientific trend in analytical chemistry based on the sorbtion-spectroscopical determination of HTM in different objects of enviroment with using immobilized on fiber material organical reagents of different nature with aim of improvment of metrological parameters, exploitational and analytical parameters was developed.
3. Pysico-chemical and analytical properties of immobilized reagents on the base of reagents Arsenaza and threephenylmethan row and also synthesized on the department of organical chemistry NUUz sorbited on the fiber “Nitron” were systematically investigated. Optimal conditions of immobilization of new reagents on some polymeric bearers with preservation of theirspecifical analytical properties were determined.
4. 1R- spectroskopical investigation of immobilized reagents of fiber sorbents and their complexes with cations of HTM was carriedout. It was proved that in complex-formation of HTM ions with immobilized reagents the same functional analytical groups participated as in case of native solutions.
5. Results of investigations of interaction of reagents group Arsenazo and theephenylmethanic raw and also reagents synthesized on the derailment of inorganical and analytical chemistry of chemical faculty ofNUUz immobilized on marix on the base of PAN and PP-fibers with ions of HTM have shown that their immobilization was carried out owing to ionic changing and also formation of strong intermolecular hydrogenous bonds with bearers.
6. Using of calculating quant- chemical methods such as EMN, MNDO, RMZ and AM-1 has allowed in apriori to predict the structures of different rengents having some necessary analytical parameters (sensibility, contrastion of reactions and conditions of their carring out).
7. On the base on comparison optimal conditions of immobilization, sorbtion, degree of extraction of metals ions, coefficients of distribution, sorbtion capasity of fiber sorbents, data about sensibility of the analytical action occording to ions Cd, Hg, Cu and Fe in presence of accompanying elements, possibilities of quantitative desorption by small volumes of mineral acids and accessibility of initialcompounds it is shown an perspective of practical using of synthesized reagents and fiber sorbents. Immobilized reagents quantitativly have extracted ions of metals during 20-30 min at temperature 20-25°C in pH diapazone 3-7 (R=90-99%).
8. Coplex of methods of solidphase - spectroshopical and visually-testing determination of HTM in natural objects and samples of sewage and also new effective method of sorbtion - spectroskopical determination of Co,Cu, Cu, Ni, Fe and Hg in drinking and natural waters with using of immobilized organical reagent has been elaborated . This sorbtion - spectroskopical method has allowed to determine abovementioned metals in drinking and natural waters on the level n x 10-6 - n x 10'3 % and also to decrease the limitof their determination . Rightness of elaborated methods was proved by method “introduced - determined” at analysis of some real abjects and also by comparison with data obtained by atom -absorbtion method.
9. Elaborated methods were aprobated at analysis of real objects and were introduced in practics of laboratories by investigation of surface waters NYSMY; SES (sanepidemic station) of Tashkent region and Bekabad; department of radiopreparates of INP (Institute of nucleur physies) and others. Some obtained experimental data have been introduced in educational process at reading of lectures , carring out seminars and labaratory works with bachelors and masters by courses : “Analysis of environment objects”; “Optical methods of analysis “ ; “Physical methods of analysis “ ; “ Metrology statistics and computer in analytical chemistry” on the departments ofNUUz ; SamSU; Term.SV Tash.Pharm.1.
Данные специальной научной литературы свидетельствуют о том, что за счет перераспределения напряжений от отдельного зуба к группе зубов шинирование позволяет уменьшить перегрузку пародонта и тем самым устранить травматическую окклюзию, нормализовать направление нагрузки, предотвратить вторичное смещение зубов [1, 2].
In this article, the intensity and composition of traffic flows at intersections near the city of Nukus are studied. That is: the number and composition of traffic at intersections, the direction of traffic along the lanes, as well as the amount of traffic, etc. to be investigated.
In this article the issues related to the role of criminal law in the country's modernization and its future direction of reform. It is suggested in its place in the legal system with regard to the social purpose of criminal law.