In Japanese society, 家-iе –“house” is a very important and comprehensive concept. A house is a complete system made up of the homeowner and the family. 家-iе –the word “house” is considered to have different meanings, such as place of residence, family, family group, belonging to a tribe, inheritor, social status. In this study, terms such as 主人(syujin)–husband, 家内(kanai)-wife, 奥さん(okusan)-your wife, 嫁(yome)-bride are related to家-iе –“house”. Comparative studies of kinship terms have been studied by many researchers. In addition, anthropological, dialectical, historical, typological, applied and focus studies have recently been observed. European and American scholars (Embree, Norbeck, Cornell, Beardley, Befu, Fisher) after that Japanese scholars (Suzuki, Fuji, Komori) have researched in-depth scientific works on the pecularity of Japanese kinship references. In the article analyzes the researches about kinship terms related to家-iе –“house” have been observed. Thera are four main scientific points of view about the use of kinship references: 1)the social position taken as a criterion of the house is taken as status names(positional terminology, social status); 2)kinship terminology 3)modified teknonymy; 4) oikonimi ー oykonim iе –“house”. Which viewpoint is more effective? It is one of the controversial topic in the japanese kinship references. The meanings of kinship terms have not been widely analyzed in nowadays’ researches. It has been found that specific concepts in personality thought have not sufficiently been studied in the application of kinship terms.
The position, profession, status and prestige of a person in society play an important role in his life. It's no secret that in a certain sense, these positions also determine the attitude of the people around him. This article is devoted to words related to the social status of people, their profession and position in society, methods of treatment and their translation into Urdu. The work also examines the division into caste societies of India and Pakistan, the current and historical state and problems associated with social status, the importance in the life of Indians and Pakistanis of stratification into castes, words and treatment that can be applied to every member of society, woman and man. Particular attention is paid to how these words were rendered in Urdu by the translator, translation methods and their analysis. The literary source for the presented scientific article is the work of the famous Uzbek writer Pirimkul Kadyrov "Starry Nights" and its translation into Urdu by an experienced translator Manzar Salim. The authors, having carefully studied the translation, tried to note all the achievements of the translated work.
The article analyzes the rights and obligations of an expert, identifies legal regulation problems, and suggests possible ways to solve them.
Здоровье населения выступает в качестве показателя, который интегрирует демографические, социальные и биологические процессы, свойственные обществу[1,3] , отражает уровень его экономического и культурного развития, состояния медицинской помощи. В качестве главных причин многих заболеваний выступают не столько возбудители, сколько социально-экономические условия[2]
The article focuses on the emergence and evolution of the gender phenomenon. It analyzes interpretations of relationships between men and women at different times, and stages of development. It is argued that the issue of equality between men and women is a characteristic of every stage of human society. From the earliest times to the present day, it has become natural for people to defend their rights as a criterion for survival. The demand for women to participate in the social, economic and political life of society on the basis of the principle of equality began to manifest itself in the West as a feminist movement. Waves 1 and 2 of this movement gave an international impetus to the issue of gender equality. Today, there is no area where women's participation is unnoticeable. However, there are many problems with the process of creating the necessary conditions for their participation, the level of their rights, their freedom to operate and full self-image. In this regard, the article also examines the genesis of the issue of gender equality in the system of international relations and its stages of development, its role in the international community. It highlights the importance of the United Nations and other organizations in ensuring gender equality in the system of international relations. A number of international documents have been analyzed, which are the basis for further strengthening of women's rights and their privileges in the international community.
In the article the author the fact that people can achieve social policy only in the conditions of strong social opportunities in the state. Social opportunity means the ability to distribute places, powers, levels, positions, privileges on the social ladder. Of course, this distribution is influenced by the paradigm of economic opportunities. For example, despite the fact that income or wealth are economic opportunities, they also describe social status.
В статье отмечается, что статус женщины в исламском обществе во многом определяется традициями, которые складывались на протяжении веков.Гендерное равноправие в арабских странах существует всего лишь несколько десятилетий, поэтому не оказывает большого влияния на положение женщин. Изменения, происходящие в арабских странах, связанные с решением гендерного вопроса носят противоречивый характер.
This article is about particular qualities and conceptions of socio-ecological control of Uzbekistan, conclusions and offers are done about this problem.
Мавзунинг дорзарблиги. Охирги йилларда адабиётларда келтирилган маълумотлар оғиз бўшлиғида патологик жараёнлар бор булган беморлардан олинган микробиологик тахлиллар микрофлорнингаксарияти анаэроб бактериялар экан. Адабиётларда келтирилган малумотларга қараганда, аралаш сўлак ва оғиз бўшлиғи суюқлиги биргаликда коллоидли эритма булиб каттик сув-оксил кобикли фосфат мицеллалар ва гидрофасфат калцийдан хосил булган. Огиз бушлиги суюклигига доимо микроблар тушади ва милк чўнтагида, милк қирғоғида, бурмаларда ва тиш бляшкаларида ушланиб купаяди. Огиз бушлиги суюклигига микроблар узок яшаш хусусиятига эга ва тиш малига ва огиз бушлиги шиллик кавватиадгезия хусусиятига эга булмаганлари актив купаяди ва огиз бушлиги дисбиозига олиб келади.