A significant segment is represented by functional pathology in the structure of diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. This rather large and heterogeneous group of diseases combines the most diverse nosological units in terms of pathogenesis, the commonality of which is based on their functional nature. Based on the Rome IV criteria, the group of functional bowel disorders includes diseases such as functional constipation, irritable bowel syndrome, functional flatulence, functional diarrhea, and non-specific functional bowel disorders. At present, schoolchildren have many risk factors that contribute to the occurrence of functional disorders of the digestive tract. It includes non-compliance with the diet, long breaks between meals, abuse of fast food, hot spices, carbonated drinks, etc. Identification and modern elimination of these risk factors will prevent the development of functional disorders of the digestive system.
The prevalence of functional dyspepsia in children and adults in different countries varies greatly, which is associated with different diagnostic criteria, and different interpretations of the severity of symptoms. Among Europeans, functional dyspepsia occurs in 20% of individuals, in the USA – in 29%, and in Korea – in 11%. Numerous studies conducted in Western Europe and North America have shown that dyspepsia is the most common manifestation of gastroenterological pathology in older children. The study shows that the trigger mechanism for the formation of functional disorders of the digestive system in these age groups is mainly biological factors: heredity burdened by diseases of the digestive system, past intestinal infections, helminthiases, frequent use of antibiotics, nutritional deficiencies, and others. There is evidence that shows peaks in the rise in incidence in children after school entry and during adolescence.
The purpose of the study is to determine the significance of genetic factors in the development of chronic nephritic syndrome in children and to clarify the features of the clinical course
The оbject of research were 129 children aged 4-15 years who were treated for chronic nephritis in the nephrology department of the Samarkand Regional Multidisciplinary Paediatric Medical Centre.
The scientific novelty of the study is as follows:it has been established that the severity of chronic nephritic syndrome in children is associated with clinical manifestations (gradual development, dyspepsia, abdominal pain) and an increase in the amount of Cystatin C in the blood;for the first time, it was revealed that the development of sclerotic lesions due to increased proliferation in patients with the presence of the MMP-9 (A-8202G) rs 11697325 genotypes in chronic nephritic syndrome leads to a worsening of the clinical course of the disease; established early diagnostic marker MMP-9 (A-8202G) rs 11697325 and its tissue inhibitor TIMP-2 (C536T) rs 11551797 in chronic nephritic syndrome in children in the diagnosis of the disease; for the first time, the prognostic value of the alleles of the MMP-9 (A-8202G) rs 11697325 genes and the homozygous G/G genotype in determining the risk of developing the disease in children with chronic nephritic syndrome has been proven.
Implementation of the research results. Based on scientific results of evaluation of the role of polymorphic genes of matrix metalloproteinase and its tissue inhibitors in chronic nephritic syndrome in children: methodological recommendation “The role of polymorphic genes of matrix metalloproteinase and its genetic inhibitors in the development of chronic nephritic syndrome in children” was developed and approved (reference of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8n-r / 554 of 30.02.2022).
This methodological recommendation made it possible to predict the development of chronic nephritic syndrome in children and improve preventive measures; approved and developed on the basis of scientific results of research on early diagnosis and prognosis of chronic nephritic syndrome “Dynamics of clinical and laboratory parameters in nephritic syndrome in children”, (reference of the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. 8n-r / 555 of 30.02.2022).
This methodological recommendation made it possible to optimize the diagnosis and treatment tactics for various forms of nephritic syndrome in children;
The results obtained were implemented in the practice of health care, in particular, in the Republican Children's National Medical Center, in the 1st clinic of the Samarkand State Medical University, in the Samarkand Regional Children's Multidisciplinary Medical Center (conclusion No. 8 n-r/324 of 21.06.2022 of the Ministry of Health of Uzbekistan).
The application of the obtained results to practice has made it possible to reduce the frequency of recurrence of the disease in children, prevent complications of the disease, improve the quality of life of patients, diagnose and prevent the disease.
The structure and scope of the dissertation. The dissertation consists of an introduction, 4 chapters, conclusions, practical recommendations. The volume of the dissertation is 120 pages.
Functional diseases of the gastrointestinal tract tract - diseases of the gastrointestinal tract that are not associated with organic lesions and include a number of individual idiopathic disorders affecting various parts of the gastrointestinal tract, associated with visceral hypersensitivity and impaired motor function.
The article discusses issues related to the ways of using verb synonyms. In particular, the range of issues related to the study of synonymy is wide. Interest in studying the ways of using verb synonyms is of interest from both practical and theoretical points of view. It has deep social roots and is closely related to the issues of the culture of speech, which cover not only the norms of the language, but also the skillful conscious selection of linguistic means, as well as their expedient use. The stylistic differentiation of the Persian language, the structural diversity of verbs opens up many opportunities for the development of various methods of using verb synonyms. In the development of various ways of using verb synonyms, not only the verb part of complex verbs, but also the nominal part participates. In addition, to give the statement different stylistic shades, various idiomatic verb phraseological units are used. The presence of a developed synonymy in the language is an indicator of the richness of the language. The functional value of synonyms is realized in speech. Therefore, when using synonyms, certain techniques are developed that help to reveal the individual signs of synonyms, emphasize their characteristic features, enhance or, conversely, reduce the strength of the expressed expression. On the other hand, the characteristic features of synonyms are diverse. This is due to the stylistic and emotional coloring, imagery, associativity. That is why the methods of using synonyms and their stylistic functions are of particular interest.
Object of research: The object of the thesis is the aspect of standard speech in the languages of mass media.
Subject of research: is the normative, communicative and ethic aspects of the speech standard of the language of mass media.
Methods of research: The following methods have been used in the thesis: the method of linguistic classification, methods of semantic and stylistic and componcntial analysis, comparative method, analysis of uttered speech on the radio and TV, and social poll.
The obtained and their novelty: The normative, communicative and ethic aspects of speech standard of mass media (newspaper, television and radio) were analysed for the first time as a monographic research; the principles of the problems of the language of the mass media and speech standard in linguistics were defined; modern concept of the speech standard have been covered and specific features of using speech standards in the language of the mass media have been pointed out; the language peculiarities of the language of the mass media have been analysed; national specific feature of the language of newspaper was covered; socio and psycholinguistic and functional and communicative peculiarities have been studied; expressiveness of the newspaper language and its speech and speech standard evaluation have been defined; the specific language features of newspaper, television and radio have been pointed out; speech the language of newspaper, television and radio have been analysed from speech standard point of view; the use of language in mass media have been analysed from standpoint of speech standard and normative aspect; speech standard of mass media have been analysed from communicative aspect; standard of speech was analysed from ethic aspect; interrelation between the aspects of speech standard in the language of mass media have been revealed
Practical value: The results of the research can be applied to doing scientific work in General Linguistics, Uzbek Linguistics, Speech Standard, Stylistics, Rhetoric and Journalism; it can used in conducting lectures and having seminars in the philology and journalism faculties in speech standard, stylistics, the language of Mass Media, and Rhetoric.
Degree of embed and economic efficiency: The basic content of the work reflected in a monograph, in scientific articles published in foreign journals, scientific and theoretical conferences, and in more than 60 articles and abstracts.
Sphere of usage: The materials of the research can be used in writing textbooks in Speech Standard, Stylistics, Linguoculturology, the Language of Mass Media, and Psycholinguistics.
Хорошо известно, что вероятность диагноза гипертонической болезни увеличивается с возрастом, начиная с рождения. В последние десятилетия эссенциальная артериальная гипертензия считается не только наиболее распространенной формой гипертонии у взрослых, но и стали чаще выявлять этой формы гипертонии у подростков, чем у детей младшего возраста, которых различали среди разных этнических групп - от 0,3% до 21%. Дети и подростки с артериальным давлением выше 90-го перцентиля для своего возраста имеют примерно в три раза большую вероятность стать взрослыми с гипертонией по сравнению с их сверстниками с артериальным давлением на 50-м перцентиле. Длительное течение гипертензии приводит к поражению органов - мишеней - сердца, головного мозга и почек. Даже незначительное повышение АД представляет существенную опасность для здоровья. С повышением АД на каждые 10 мм рт.ст. риск развития заболеваний сердечно-сосудистой системы повышается на 10%.
Retrospective analysis of outpatient records of patients with comorbidities such as hepatitis А, В, C, with inflammatory processes of the oral cavity' and maxillofacial area after tooth extraction performed for emergency indications. Material and methods: According to archival data for three years (2017-2019), on the basis of the clinic of adult surgical dentistry i the Tashkent State Dental Institute, an analysis of 78 case histories of hospitalized patients with hepatitis and 107 outpatient records of patients with concomitanl pathology (hepatitis А, В, C) at the age from 19 to 55 years with various types of odontogenic inflammator processes of the oral cavity and maxillofacial region. Results: In combined pathology, there is a clos functional relationship between the affected organs. The monitoring showed that inflammatory proce in the oral cavity aggravate the course of hepatitis a serve as an important addition to the characteristi of its general picture. Conclusions: Patients wi hepatitis require treatment of the underlying disea as well as constant monitoring of the state of the о cavity.
The article highlights the importance of the global information resources in the formation of the electronic library of scientific and educational resources, the importance of various global rankings and the role of scientific and educational resources in the education system